diff --git a/src/species/_include_species.jl b/src/species/_include_species.jl index 51c6510..168f745 100644 --- a/src/species/_include_species.jl +++ b/src/species/_include_species.jl @@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ include("be9.jl") include("ca40.jl") include("mg25.jl") include("yb171.jl") +include("ba138.jl") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/species/ba138.jl b/src/species/ba138.jl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..289bcb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/species/ba138.jl @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +export Ba138 + +## ¹³⁸Ba⁺ — singly ionized barium-138 +## +## ¹³⁸Ba is the most abundant stable isotope (71.7%) and has zero nuclear +## spin (bosonic), making it the standard choice for trapped-ion experiments. +## The 6S₁/₂ ↔ 5D₅/₂ E2 transition at 1762 nm serves as the optical qubit, +## analogous to the 4S₁/₂ ↔ 3D₅/₂ transition in ⁴⁰Ca⁺ at 729 nm. +## +## Level structure: +## 6S₁/₂ — ground state (qubit |0⟩) +## 5D₃/₂ — metastable, τ ≈ 80 s; repumped via 6P₁/₂ with 650 nm light +## 5D₅/₂ — metastable, τ ≈ 32 s (qubit |1⟩); addressed at 1762 nm +## 6P₁/₂ — dipole-allowed; Doppler cooling at 493 nm +## 6P₃/₂ — dipole-allowed; addressed at 455 nm +## +## Energy levels: +## Wavenumbers from NIST Atomic Spectra Database (Ba II): +## 6S₁/₂ → 0 cm⁻¹ +## 5D₃/₂ → 4873.852 cm⁻¹ +## 5D₅/₂ → 5674.807 cm⁻¹ +## 6P₁/₂ → 20261.561 cm⁻¹ +## 6P₃/₂ → 21952.404 cm⁻¹ +## Converted to Hz via E(Hz) = E(cm⁻¹) × c × 100 +## +## Einstein A coefficients: +## E1 rates from Iskrenova-Tchoukova & Safronova, Phys. Rev. A 78, 012508 (2008) +## E2 rates inferred from measured state lifetimes: +## τ(5D₅/₂) ≈ 31.2(0.9)s (Auchter et al., Phys. Rev. A 90, 060501(R) (2014)) +## τ(5D₃/₂) ≈ 79.8(4.6)s (Yu, Nagourney, Dehmelt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4898 (1997)) +## +## g-factors: +## g(6S₁/₂) = 2.0024922(10) — measured: Knöll et al., Phys. Rev. A 54, 1199 (1996) +## g(5D₅/₂) = 1.200372(4)(7) — measured: Hoffman et al., Phys. Rev. A 88, 025401 (2013) +## g(5D₃/₂) = 0.7993278(3) — measured: Knöll et al., Phys. Rev. A 54, 1199 (1996) +## g(6P₁/₂) = 0.6667 — Landé value 2/3 +## g(6P₃/₂) = 1.3333 — Landé value 4/3 + +const properties_ba138 = IonProperties(; + shortname = "¹³⁸Ba", + mass = 2.28997051e-25, # 137.905247 u × 1.66053906660e-27 kg/u (AME2020) + charge = 1, + nuclearspin = 0, # ¹³⁸Ba: I = 0, no hyperfine structure → f = j + full_level_structure = OrderedDict( + "S1/2" => (n=6, l=0, j=1 // 2, f=1 // 2, E=0), + "D3/2" => (n=5, l=2, j=3 // 2, f=3 // 2, E=1.46114407e14), + "D5/2" => (n=5, l=2, j=5 // 2, f=5 // 2, E=1.70126434e14), + "P1/2" => (n=6, l=1, j=1 // 2, f=1 // 2, E=6.07426318e14), + "P3/2" => (n=6, l=1, j=3 // 2, f=3 // 2, E=6.58116515e14), + ), + full_transitions = Dict( + ("S1/2", "D5/2") => (multipole="E2", einsteinA=3.21e-2), # 1762 nm; A ≈ 1/τ(D5/2) + # τ = 31.2(9) s, Auchter et al., Phys. Rev. A 90, 060501(R) (2014) + ("S1/2", "P1/2") => (multipole="E1", einsteinA=9.32e7), # 493 nm Doppler cooling + ("D3/2", "P1/2") => (multipole="E1", einsteinA=3.41e7), # 650 nm repump + ("S1/2", "D3/2") => (multipole="E2", einsteinA=1.25e-2), # 2051 nm + # τ = 79.8(4.6) s, Yu, Nagourney, Dehmelt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4898 (1997) + ("S1/2", "P3/2") => (multipole="E1", einsteinA=1.18e8), # 455 nm + ("D3/2", "P3/2") => (multipole="E1", einsteinA=4.44e6), + ("D5/2", "P3/2") => (multipole="E1", einsteinA=3.65e7), # 614 nm shelving return + ), + # P1/2, P3/2 branching fractions from: + # Arnold et al., "Measurements of the branching ratios for 6P1/2 decays in 138Ba+" (2019) + # Kurz et al., Phys. Rev. A 101, 062515 (2020) — P3/2 branching fractions + default_sublevel_selection = [("S1/2", "all"), ("D5/2", "all")], + gfactors = Dict( + "S1/2" => 2.0024922, # Knöll + "D5/2" => 1.200372, # Hoffman et al., Phys. Rev. A 88, 025401 (2013) + "D3/2" => 0.7993278, # Knöll et al., Phys. Rev. A 54, 1199 (1996) + "P1/2" => 0.6667, # Landé (2/3) + "P3/2" => 1.3333, # Landé (4/3) + ) +) + +# boilerplate — identical pattern to ca40.jl, mg25.jl, yb171.jl +IonInstance{:Ba138}(selected_sublevels=nothing, manualshift=Dict()) = + IonInstance{:Ba138}(properties_ba138, selected_sublevels, manualshift) +Ba138 = IonInstance{:Ba138} \ No newline at end of file