From 6162378175fa4d5298bf1bb9b0148cdbdc742397 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ox03bb Date: Tue, 22 Sep 2026 15:38:22 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 01/13] update readme file --- README.md | 70 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---- 1 file changed, 66 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 16cdd1b..fe52171 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ +[![Assembly](https://img.shields.io/badge/x86%20Assembly-6e4c13?style=flat&logo=assembly&logoColor=white)](https://www.nasm.us/) +[![C](https://img.shields.io/badge/-C/C+-142282?style=flat&logo=C&logoColor=white)](https://en.cppreference.com/w/c) +[![QEMU](https://img.shields.io/badge/-QEMU-FF6600?style=flat&logo=qemu&logoColor=white)](https://www.qemu.org/) +[![GDB](https://img.shields.io/badge/-GDB-4EAA25?style=flat&logo=gnu&logoColor=white)](https://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/) # kernel-from-scratch An educational kernel built completely from scratch to explore low-level systems programming, memory management, interrupts, scheduling, and hardware interaction. - - -# Required Tools: +## Required Tools: - [QEMU](https://www.qemu.org/) - An open-source emulator that allows you to run the kernel in a virtual environment. - [GCC](https://gcc.gnu.org/) - The GNU Compiler Collection, used to compile the kernel code. - [i686-elf-gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) - A cross-compiler for the i686 architecture, used to compile the kernel code for the target architecture. @@ -13,6 +15,38 @@ An educational kernel built completely from scratch to explore low-level systems - [GDB](https://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/) - The GNU Debugger, used for debugging the kernel during development. - [PWNdbg](https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg) - A TUI debugger for GDB, providing an enhanced debugging experience. +## Project Structure +``` +. +├── conf.gdb +├── Dockerfile +├── linker.ld +├── Makefile +├── README.md +├── bin/ +├── build/ +├── docs/ +├── includes/ +│ ├── kernel.h +│ ├── panic.h +│ ├── timer.h +│ ├── driver/ +│ ├── interrupt/ +│ ├── lib/ +│ └── utils/ +├── scripts/ +│ └── requirements.sh +├── src/ +│ ├── bootloader/ +│ ├── driver/ +│ ├── interrupt/ +│ ├── kernel/ +│ ├── libs/ +│ └── utils/ +└── test/ +``` + + To install all the required tools, you can use the following commands: * **if u'r using Linux:** @@ -24,4 +58,32 @@ To install all the required tools, you can use the following commands: 1. Uninstall windows 2. Install linux - 3. Run the above command \ No newline at end of file + 3. Run the above command + +## Getting Started +- clone the repository and navigate to the project directory: + +```bash + git clone https://github.com/Ox03bb/kernel-from-scratch.git + cd kernel-from-scratch +``` + +- install the required tools using the provided script: + +```bash + sh ./scripts/install.sh +``` + +- build the kernel using the Makefile: + +```bash + make setup # to setup the build environment(build docker image...etc) && build the kernel + # or + make build # if u'r already setup the build environment +``` + +- run the kernel in QEMU: + +```bash + make run +``` \ No newline at end of file From 8bd708fca8031c14272f03b069db096459aa20d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ox03bb Date: Tue, 22 Sep 2026 17:19:49 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 02/13] fix: update code based on pr review --- includes/driver/keyboard/event_queue.h | 6 +- includes/driver/keyboard/keyboard.h | 1 + includes/driver/vga.h | 24 ++++++- includes/lib/string.h | 2 +- src/driver/keyboard/event_queue.c | 42 ++++++++++-- src/driver/keyboard/handler.c | 1 - src/driver/keyboard/keyboard.c | 49 ++++++++++---- src/driver/keyboard/layout/us.c | 5 +- src/driver/ps2.c | 20 ++++-- src/driver/vga.c | 89 +++++++++++++++++++++++++- src/kernel/kernel.c | 26 ++++++-- src/libs/stdio.c | 68 ++++++++++++++++---- src/libs/string.c | 23 ++++--- 13 files changed, 292 insertions(+), 64 deletions(-) diff --git a/includes/driver/keyboard/event_queue.h b/includes/driver/keyboard/event_queue.h index bc5ae83..4c62afa 100644 --- a/includes/driver/keyboard/event_queue.h +++ b/includes/driver/keyboard/event_queue.h @@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ typedef struct { extern keyboard_event_queue_t keyboard_queue; +void keyboard_queue_push(key_event_t event); +bool keyboard_queue_pop(key_event_t *event); +void keyboard_queue_clear(void); + typedef enum { INPUT_CHAR, INPUT_ENTER, @@ -33,7 +37,7 @@ typedef struct { } input_event_t; void input_queue_push(input_event_t event); -void input_queue_pop(input_event_t *event); +bool input_queue_pop(input_event_t *event); void input_queue_print(); void input_queue_print_last(); void input_queue_clear(); diff --git a/includes/driver/keyboard/keyboard.h b/includes/driver/keyboard/keyboard.h index 51842ef..48e6be3 100644 --- a/includes/driver/keyboard/keyboard.h +++ b/includes/driver/keyboard/keyboard.h @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ typedef enum { void init_keyboard(void); void reset_keyboard(void); +void set_scanning(bool state); void set_scaning(bool state); void select_scancode_set(uint8_t set); void keyboard_set_layout(const keyboard_layout_t *layout); diff --git a/includes/driver/vga.h b/includes/driver/vga.h index 7b90c93..1ddff0b 100644 --- a/includes/driver/vga.h +++ b/includes/driver/vga.h @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ #define BROWN 0x06 // YELLOW #define LIGHT_GRAY 0x07 // WHITE -#define DARK_GRAY BLACk | LIGHT_FLAG +#define DARK_GRAY BLACK | LIGHT_FLAG #define LIGHT_BLUE BLUE | LIGHT_FLAG #define LIGHT_GREEN GREEN | LIGHT_FLAG #define LIGHT_CYAN CYAN | LIGHT_FLAG @@ -83,4 +83,26 @@ uint8_t vga_get_cursor_x(void); uint8_t vga_get_cursor_y(void); +void vga_put_at(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, char c, uint8_t color); +void vga_clear_region( + uint8_t x, + uint8_t y, + uint8_t width, + uint8_t height, + uint8_t color +); + +void vga_print_at( + uint8_t x, + uint8_t y, + const char *str, + uint8_t color +); +void vga_print_at_center( + uint8_t y, + const char *str, + uint8_t color +); + + #endif \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/includes/lib/string.h b/includes/lib/string.h index 004e7dd..a75f1fa 100644 --- a/includes/lib/string.h +++ b/includes/lib/string.h @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #include "types.h" -int strlen(char *str); +int strlen(const char *str); void strcpy(char *dest, char *src); void strcat(char *dest, const char *src); diff --git a/src/driver/keyboard/event_queue.c b/src/driver/keyboard/event_queue.c index 5d87d42..0c1853e 100644 --- a/src/driver/keyboard/event_queue.c +++ b/src/driver/keyboard/event_queue.c @@ -3,10 +3,37 @@ // Input event queue +keyboard_event_queue_t keyboard_queue = {0}; input_event_t input_queue[KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE]; uint32_t input_queue_head = 0; uint32_t input_queue_tail = 0; +void keyboard_queue_push(key_event_t event) { + uint32_t next = (keyboard_queue.head + 1) % KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; + + if (next == keyboard_queue.tail) { + return; + } + + keyboard_queue.events[keyboard_queue.head] = event; + keyboard_queue.head = next; +} + +bool keyboard_queue_pop(key_event_t *event) { + if (keyboard_queue.head == keyboard_queue.tail) { + return false; + } + + *event = keyboard_queue.events[keyboard_queue.tail]; + keyboard_queue.tail = (keyboard_queue.tail + 1) % KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; + return true; +} + +void keyboard_queue_clear(void) { + keyboard_queue.head = 0; + keyboard_queue.tail = 0; +} + void input_queue_push(input_event_t event) { uint32_t next = (input_queue_head + 1) % KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; @@ -18,20 +45,25 @@ void input_queue_push(input_event_t event) { input_queue_head = next; } -void input_queue_pop(input_event_t *event) { +bool input_queue_pop(input_event_t *event) { if (input_queue_head == input_queue_tail) { - return; /* queue empty */ + if (event != NULL) { + *event = (input_event_t){.type = (input_type_t)-1, .character = '\0'}; + } + return false; /* queue empty */ } *event = input_queue[input_queue_tail]; - input_queue_tail = (input_queue_tail + 1) % KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; + return true; } void input_queue_print() { printf("\033[32mInput Queue: \033[0m head=%d, tail=%d\n", input_queue_head, input_queue_tail); - for (uint32_t i = 0; i < input_queue_head - input_queue_tail; i++) { - input_event_t event = input_queue[i]; + uint32_t count = (input_queue_head - input_queue_tail + KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE) % KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; + for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) { + uint32_t index = (input_queue_tail + i) % KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; + input_event_t event = input_queue[index]; printf("Event[%d]: type=%d, character=%c\n", i, event.type, event.character); } } diff --git a/src/driver/keyboard/handler.c b/src/driver/keyboard/handler.c index baaf715..37d0079 100644 --- a/src/driver/keyboard/handler.c +++ b/src/driver/keyboard/handler.c @@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ void keyboard_irq_handler(void) { } uint8_t data = ps2_read(); - keyboard_process_scancode(data); } diff --git a/src/driver/keyboard/keyboard.c b/src/driver/keyboard/keyboard.c index f325aa6..2d20fc3 100644 --- a/src/driver/keyboard/keyboard.c +++ b/src/driver/keyboard/keyboard.c @@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ static const keyboard_layout_t *active_layout; void init_keyboard(void) { reset_keyboard(); - set_scaning(false); + set_scanning(false); select_scancode_set(0x02); - set_scaning(true); + set_scanning(true); ps2_flush_output(); @@ -44,9 +44,12 @@ void reset_keyboard(void) { } } -void set_scaning(bool state) { +void set_scanning(bool state) { ps2_flush_output(); - ps2_wait_input_clear(); + if (!ps2_wait_input_clear()) { + printf("\033[31mERROR:\033[0m Keyboard input timeout while toggling scanning.\n"); + return; + } if (state) { ps2_write(PS2_DC_ENABLE_SCANNING); @@ -54,23 +57,36 @@ void set_scaning(bool state) { ps2_write(PS2_DC_DISABLE_SCANNING); } - ps2_wait_output_full(); + if (!ps2_wait_output_full()) { + printf("\033[31mERROR:\033[0m Keyboard scan ack timeout.\n"); + return; + } if (ps2_read() != K_ACK) { printf("\033[31mERROR:\033[0m Keyboard did not acknowledge scanning command.\n"); - return; } } +void set_scaning(bool state) { set_scanning(state); } + void select_scancode_set(uint8_t set) { - ps2_flush_output(); - ps2_wait_input_clear(); + if (set > 3) { + printf("\033[31mERROR:\033[0m Invalid scancode set %u.\n", set); + return; + } - if (set <= 3) { - ps2_write(PS2_DC_SELECT_SET); + ps2_flush_output(); + if (!ps2_wait_input_clear()) { + printf("\033[31mERROR:\033[0m Keyboard input timeout before scancode set select.\n"); + return; } - ps2_wait_output_full(); + ps2_write(PS2_DC_SELECT_SET); + + if (!ps2_wait_output_full()) { + printf("\033[31mERROR:\033[0m Keyboard ack timeout while selecting scancode set.\n"); + return; + } if (ps2_read() != K_ACK) { printf("\033[31mERROR:\033[0m keyboard.h:53 select_scancode_set .\n"); @@ -78,14 +94,19 @@ void select_scancode_set(uint8_t set) { } ps2_flush_output(); - ps2_wait_input_clear(); + if (!ps2_wait_input_clear()) { + printf("\033[31mERROR:\033[0m Keyboard input timeout before scancode value.\n"); + return; + } ps2_write(set); - ps2_wait_output_full(); + if (!ps2_wait_output_full()) { + printf("\033[31mERROR:\033[0m Keyboard ack timeout after scancode value.\n"); + return; + } if (ps2_read() != K_ACK) { printf("\033[31mERROR:\033[0m keyboard.h:65 select_scancode_set .\n"); - return; } } diff --git a/src/driver/keyboard/layout/us.c b/src/driver/keyboard/layout/us.c index b334008..3222b41 100644 --- a/src/driver/keyboard/layout/us.c +++ b/src/driver/keyboard/layout/us.c @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ const keyboard_layout_t keyboard_layout_us = { char keyboard_layout_translate(const keyboard_layout_t *layout, keycode_t key, const keyboard_state_t *state) { - if (key >= KEY_COUNT) { + if (layout == NULL || key >= KEY_COUNT || state == NULL) { return '\0'; } @@ -114,8 +114,9 @@ char keyboard_layout_translate(const keyboard_layout_t *layout, keycode_t key, } bool shifted = state->left_shift || state->right_shift; + bool caps_active = state->caps_lock && ((key >= KEY_A && key <= KEY_Z) || (key >= KEY_0 && key <= KEY_9)); - if (shifted) { + if (shifted ^ caps_active) { return entry.shift; } diff --git a/src/driver/ps2.c b/src/driver/ps2.c index 561de21..2f94517 100644 --- a/src/driver/ps2.c +++ b/src/driver/ps2.c @@ -22,16 +22,24 @@ bool ps2_parity_error(void) { return ps2_status().parity_error; } bool ps2_zero(void) { return ps2_status().zero; } +#define PS2_WAIT_MAX 100000 + bool ps2_wait_input_clear(void) { - while (ps2_input_buffer_full()) - ; - return true; + for (uint32_t i = 0; i < PS2_WAIT_MAX; i++) { + if (!ps2_input_buffer_full()) { + return true; + } + } + return false; } bool ps2_wait_output_full(void) { - while (!ps2_output_buffer_full()) - ; - return true; + for (uint32_t i = 0; i < PS2_WAIT_MAX; i++) { + if (ps2_output_buffer_full()) { + return true; + } + } + return false; } void ps2_flush_output(void) { diff --git a/src/driver/vga.c b/src/driver/vga.c index 0fe1104..b8ce31e 100644 --- a/src/driver/vga.c +++ b/src/driver/vga.c @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ #include "vga.h" +#include "string.h" #include "utils.h" static uint8_t cursor_x = 0; @@ -100,9 +101,21 @@ void vga_print_char(char c) { break; default: + if (cursor_position >= VGA_RES) { + vga_scroll_up(); + cursor_position = (VGA_HEIGHT - 1) * VGA_WIDTH; + } + vga_buf[cursor_position] = ((uint16_t)current_color << 8) | (uint8_t)c; - vga_set_cursor_position(cursor_position + 1); + if (cursor_position + 1 >= VGA_RES) { + vga_scroll_up(); + cursor_position = (VGA_HEIGHT - 1) * VGA_WIDTH; + } else { + cursor_position++; + } + + vga_set_cursor_position(cursor_position); break; } } @@ -172,6 +185,9 @@ void vga_set_cursor(uint8_t x, uint8_t y) { } void vga_set_cursor_position(uint16_t p) { + if (p >= VGA_RES) { + p = VGA_RES - 1; + } outb(VGA_INDEX_PORT, VGA_CURSOR_HIGH); outb(VGA_DATA_PORT, (p >> 8)); @@ -243,3 +259,74 @@ void vga_scroll_up(void) { vga_set_cursor(0, VGA_HEIGHT - 1); } + + +// update specific position + +void vga_put_at(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, char c, uint8_t color){ + uint16_t index = y * VGA_WIDTH + x; + + vga_buf[index] = + ((uint16_t)color << 8) | (uint8_t)c; +} + +void vga_clear_region( + uint8_t x, + uint8_t y, + uint8_t width, + uint8_t height, + uint8_t color +) +{ + for (uint8_t row = 0; row < height; row++) { + for (uint8_t col = 0; col < width; col++) { + vga_put_at( + x + col, + y + row, + ' ', + color + ); + } + } +} + +void vga_print_at( + uint8_t x, + uint8_t y, + const char *str, + uint8_t color +) +{ + for (uint32_t i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) { + vga_put_at( + x + i, + y, + str[i], + color + ); + } +} + +void vga_print_at_center( + uint8_t y, + const char *str, + uint8_t color +) +{ + size_t len = strlen(str); + if (len > VGA_WIDTH) { + len = VGA_WIDTH; + } + + uint8_t x = (VGA_WIDTH - len) / 2; + + for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) { + vga_put_at( + x + i, + y, + str[i], + color + ); + } +} + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/kernel/kernel.c b/src/kernel/kernel.c index dfda71f..1cb38d2 100644 --- a/src/kernel/kernel.c +++ b/src/kernel/kernel.c @@ -62,19 +62,31 @@ void kernel_main() { while (1) { input_event_t event; - input_queue_pop(&event); + if (!input_queue_pop(&event)) { + asm volatile("hlt"); + continue; + } if (event.type == INPUT_CHAR) { print("Character: "); print_char(event.character); print("\n"); - event = (input_event_t){0}; - event.type = 11; - } - } - for (;;) { - asm volatile("hlt"); + } else if (event.type == INPUT_ENTER) { + print("Enter key pressed\n"); + } else if (event.type == INPUT_BACKSPACE) { + print("Backspace key pressed\n"); + } else if (event.type == INPUT_TAB) { + print("Tab key pressed\n"); + } else if (event.type == INPUT_UP) { + print("Up arrow key pressed\n"); + } else if (event.type == INPUT_DOWN) { + print("Down arrow key pressed\n"); + } else if (event.type == INPUT_LEFT) { + print("Left arrow key pressed\n"); + } else if (event.type == INPUT_RIGHT) { + print("Right arrow key pressed\n"); + } } return; diff --git a/src/libs/stdio.c b/src/libs/stdio.c index fa49dad..4ba60c6 100644 --- a/src/libs/stdio.c +++ b/src/libs/stdio.c @@ -133,68 +133,110 @@ char *formatter(const char *format, ...) { char *vformatter(const char *format, va_list args) { buffer[0] = '\0'; + size_t used = 0; while (*format) { - if (*format != '%') { char temp[2] = {*format, '\0'}; - strcat(buffer, temp); - + size_t len = strlen(temp); + if (used + len + 1 < sizeof(buffer)) { + strcat(buffer, temp); + used += len; + } format++; continue; } format++; + if (*format == '\0') { + if (used + 1 < sizeof(buffer)) { + buffer[used++] = '%'; + buffer[used] = '\0'; + } + break; + } switch (*format) { case 's': { const char *str = va_arg(args, const char *); - strcat(buffer, str); + size_t len = strlen(str); + if (used + len + 1 < sizeof(buffer)) { + strcat(buffer, str); + used += len; + } break; } case 'd': { int number = va_arg(args, int); - strcat(buffer, int2str(number)); + char *str = int2str(number); + size_t len = strlen(str); + if (used + len + 1 < sizeof(buffer)) { + strcat(buffer, str); + used += len; + } break; } case 'x': { uint32_t number = va_arg(args, uint32_t); - strcat(buffer, uint2str(number, 16, false)); + char *str = uint2str(number, 16, false); + size_t len = strlen(str); + if (used + len + 1 < sizeof(buffer)) { + strcat(buffer, str); + used += len; + } break; } case 'h': { uint32_t number = va_arg(args, uint32_t); - strcat(buffer, uint2str(number, 16, true)); + char *str = uint2str(number, 16, true); + size_t len = strlen(str); + if (used + len + 1 < sizeof(buffer)) { + strcat(buffer, str); + used += len; + } break; } case 'b': { uint32_t number = va_arg(args, uint32_t); - strcat(buffer, uint2str(number, 2, false)); + char *str = uint2str(number, 2, false); + size_t len = strlen(str); + if (used + len + 1 < sizeof(buffer)) { + strcat(buffer, str); + used += len; + } break; } case 'c': { char temp[2]; - temp[0] = (char)va_arg(args, int); temp[1] = '\0'; - - strcat(buffer, temp); + size_t len = strlen(temp); + if (used + len + 1 < sizeof(buffer)) { + strcat(buffer, temp); + used += len; + } break; } case '%': { - strcat(buffer, "%"); + if (used + 2 < sizeof(buffer)) { + strcat(buffer, "%"); + used++; + } break; } default: { - strcat(buffer, "%"); + if (used + 2 < sizeof(buffer)) { + strcat(buffer, "%"); + used++; + } break; } } diff --git a/src/libs/string.c b/src/libs/string.c index 4911539..ed8d14a 100644 --- a/src/libs/string.c +++ b/src/libs/string.c @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #include "types.h" #include -int strlen(char *str) { +int strlen(const char *str) { int len = 0; while (*str++) { len++; @@ -14,24 +14,23 @@ char *int2str(int num) { static char str[33]; char *p = str + 32; - *p = '\0'; if (num == 0) { *(--p) = '0'; - } else { - bool negative = num < 0; + return p; + } - if (negative) - num = -num; + bool negative = num < 0; + uint32_t value = (uint32_t)(negative ? -(num + 1) + 1 : num); - while (num > 0) { - *(--p) = (num % 10) + '0'; - num /= 10; - } + while (value > 0) { + *(--p) = (char)('0' + (value % 10)); + value /= 10; + } - if (negative) - *(--p) = '-'; + if (negative) { + *(--p) = '-'; } return p; From a6b710e5be2dd931088d2ca5a72ce300699e98e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ox03bb Date: Tue, 22 Sep 2026 19:38:25 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 03/13] refactor: simplify the keyboard abstraction layer --- includes/driver/keyboard/event_queue.h | 48 +++++++-------- src/driver/keyboard/event_queue.c | 84 +++++++++++--------------- src/driver/keyboard/handler.c | 66 +++++++------------- src/kernel/kernel.c | 20 +++--- 4 files changed, 90 insertions(+), 128 deletions(-) diff --git a/includes/driver/keyboard/event_queue.h b/includes/driver/keyboard/event_queue.h index 4c62afa..91226c5 100644 --- a/includes/driver/keyboard/event_queue.h +++ b/includes/driver/keyboard/event_queue.h @@ -6,42 +6,38 @@ #include "ps2.h" #include "types.h" -#define KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE 256 - -typedef struct { - key_event_t events[KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE]; - uint32_t head; - uint32_t tail; -} keyboard_event_queue_t; - -extern keyboard_event_queue_t keyboard_queue; - -void keyboard_queue_push(key_event_t event); -bool keyboard_queue_pop(key_event_t *event); -void keyboard_queue_clear(void); +#define INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE 256 typedef enum { - INPUT_CHAR, - INPUT_ENTER, - INPUT_BACKSPACE, - INPUT_TAB, - INPUT_UP, - INPUT_DOWN, - INPUT_LEFT, - INPUT_RIGHT, -} input_type_t; + INPUT_EVENT_KEY, + INPUT_EVENT_CHAR, +} input_event_type_t; typedef struct { - input_type_t type; + input_event_type_t type; + keycode_t key; + key_action_t action; + bool shift; + bool ctrl; + bool alt; char character; } input_event_t; +typedef struct { + input_event_t events[INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE]; + uint32_t head; + uint32_t tail; +} input_event_queue_t; + +extern input_event_queue_t input_event_queue; + +void input_queue_init(void); void input_queue_push(input_event_t event); bool input_queue_pop(input_event_t *event); +bool input_queue_is_empty(void); +bool input_queue_is_full(void); void input_queue_print(); void input_queue_print_last(); -void input_queue_clear(); - -extern input_event_t input_queue[KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE]; +void input_queue_clear(void); #endif \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/driver/keyboard/event_queue.c b/src/driver/keyboard/event_queue.c index 0c1853e..ab2bbcd 100644 --- a/src/driver/keyboard/event_queue.c +++ b/src/driver/keyboard/event_queue.c @@ -1,86 +1,70 @@ #include "event_queue.h" #include "stdio.h" -// Input event queue +input_event_queue_t input_event_queue = {0}; -keyboard_event_queue_t keyboard_queue = {0}; -input_event_t input_queue[KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE]; -uint32_t input_queue_head = 0; -uint32_t input_queue_tail = 0; - -void keyboard_queue_push(key_event_t event) { - uint32_t next = (keyboard_queue.head + 1) % KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; - - if (next == keyboard_queue.tail) { - return; - } - - keyboard_queue.events[keyboard_queue.head] = event; - keyboard_queue.head = next; -} - -bool keyboard_queue_pop(key_event_t *event) { - if (keyboard_queue.head == keyboard_queue.tail) { - return false; - } - - *event = keyboard_queue.events[keyboard_queue.tail]; - keyboard_queue.tail = (keyboard_queue.tail + 1) % KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; - return true; -} - -void keyboard_queue_clear(void) { - keyboard_queue.head = 0; - keyboard_queue.tail = 0; +void input_queue_init(void) { + input_event_queue.head = 0; + input_event_queue.tail = 0; } void input_queue_push(input_event_t event) { - uint32_t next = (input_queue_head + 1) % KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; + uint32_t next = (input_event_queue.head + 1) % INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; - if (next == input_queue_tail) { + if (next == input_event_queue.tail) { return; /* queue full */ } - input_queue[input_queue_head] = event; - input_queue_head = next; + input_event_queue.events[input_event_queue.head] = event; + input_event_queue.head = next; } bool input_queue_pop(input_event_t *event) { - if (input_queue_head == input_queue_tail) { + if (input_event_queue.head == input_event_queue.tail) { if (event != NULL) { - *event = (input_event_t){.type = (input_type_t)-1, .character = '\0'}; + *event = (input_event_t){0}; } return false; /* queue empty */ } - *event = input_queue[input_queue_tail]; - input_queue_tail = (input_queue_tail + 1) % KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; + if (event != NULL) { + *event = input_event_queue.events[input_event_queue.tail]; + } + + input_event_queue.tail = (input_event_queue.tail + 1) % INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; return true; } +bool input_queue_is_empty(void) { + return input_event_queue.head == input_event_queue.tail; +} + +bool input_queue_is_full(void) { + return ((input_event_queue.head + 1) % INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE) == input_event_queue.tail; +} + void input_queue_print() { - printf("\033[32mInput Queue: \033[0m head=%d, tail=%d\n", input_queue_head, input_queue_tail); - uint32_t count = (input_queue_head - input_queue_tail + KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE) % KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; + printf("\033[32mInput Queue: \033[0m head=%d, tail=%d\n", input_event_queue.head, input_event_queue.tail); + uint32_t count = (input_event_queue.head - input_event_queue.tail + INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE) % INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) { - uint32_t index = (input_queue_tail + i) % KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; - input_event_t event = input_queue[index]; - printf("Event[%d]: type=%d, character=%c\n", i, event.type, event.character); + uint32_t index = (input_event_queue.tail + i) % INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; + input_event_t event = input_event_queue.events[index]; + printf("Event[%d]: key=%d action=%d char=%c\n", i, event.key, event.action, event.character); } } void input_queue_print_last() { - if (input_queue_head == input_queue_tail) { + if (input_queue_is_empty()) { printf("\033[31mInput Queue: \033[0m Empty\n"); return; } - uint32_t last = (input_queue_head - 1 + KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE) % KEYBOARD_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; - input_event_t event = input_queue[last]; - printf("\033[32mInput Queue:\033[0m Last event[%d] : type=%d, character=%c\n", last, event.type, + uint32_t last = (input_event_queue.head - 1 + INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE) % INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; + input_event_t event = input_event_queue.events[last]; + printf("\033[32mInput Queue:\033[0m Last event key=%d action=%d char=%c\n", event.key, event.action, event.character); } -void input_queue_clear() { - input_queue_head = 0; - input_queue_tail = 0; +void input_queue_clear(void) { + input_queue_init(); } diff --git a/src/driver/keyboard/handler.c b/src/driver/keyboard/handler.c index 37d0079..5f2bf92 100644 --- a/src/driver/keyboard/handler.c +++ b/src/driver/keyboard/handler.c @@ -104,70 +104,50 @@ void keyboard_process_scancode(uint8_t data) { void keyboard_handle_key(keycode_t key, key_action_t action) { keyboard_update_state(key, action); - /* - * Key release events are used only to update the keyboard state. - */ - if (action != KEY_PRESSED) { - return; - } - input_event_t input = {0}; - - /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ - /* Character input */ - /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + input.type = INPUT_EVENT_KEY; + input.key = key; + input.action = action; + input.shift = keyboard_state.left_shift || keyboard_state.right_shift; + input.ctrl = keyboard_state.left_ctrl || keyboard_state.right_ctrl; + input.alt = keyboard_state.left_alt || keyboard_state.right_alt; char character = keyboard_translate(key, &keyboard_state); - if (character != '\0') { - - input.type = INPUT_CHAR; + input.type = INPUT_EVENT_CHAR; input.character = character; - input_queue_push(input); - return; } - /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ - /* Special keys */ - /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ - switch (key) { - case KEY_ENTER: - input.type = INPUT_ENTER; - break; - case KEY_BACKSPACE: - input.type = INPUT_BACKSPACE; - break; - case KEY_TAB: - input.type = INPUT_TAB; - break; - case KEY_UP: - input.type = INPUT_UP; - break; - case KEY_DOWN: - input.type = INPUT_DOWN; - break; - case KEY_LEFT: - input.type = INPUT_LEFT; - break; - case KEY_RIGHT: - input.type = INPUT_RIGHT; - break; + case KEY_HOME: + case KEY_END: + case KEY_DELETE: + case KEY_ESC: + case KEY_LEFT_SHIFT: + case KEY_RIGHT_SHIFT: + case KEY_LEFT_CTRL: + case KEY_RIGHT_CTRL: + case KEY_LEFT_ALT: + case KEY_RIGHT_ALT: + case KEY_CAPS_LOCK: + case KEY_NUM_LOCK: + case KEY_SCROLL_LOCK: + input.character = '\0'; + input_queue_push(input); + return; default: return; } - - input_queue_push(input); } /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ diff --git a/src/kernel/kernel.c b/src/kernel/kernel.c index 1cb38d2..e180959 100644 --- a/src/kernel/kernel.c +++ b/src/kernel/kernel.c @@ -67,25 +67,27 @@ void kernel_main() { continue; } - if (event.type == INPUT_CHAR) { + if (event.type == INPUT_EVENT_CHAR) { print("Character: "); print_char(event.character); print("\n"); - - } else if (event.type == INPUT_ENTER) { + } else if (event.key == KEY_ENTER && event.action == KEY_PRESSED) { print("Enter key pressed\n"); - } else if (event.type == INPUT_BACKSPACE) { + } else if (event.key == KEY_BACKSPACE && event.action == KEY_PRESSED) { print("Backspace key pressed\n"); - } else if (event.type == INPUT_TAB) { + } else if (event.key == KEY_TAB && event.action == KEY_PRESSED) { print("Tab key pressed\n"); - } else if (event.type == INPUT_UP) { + } else if (event.key == KEY_UP && event.action == KEY_PRESSED) { print("Up arrow key pressed\n"); - } else if (event.type == INPUT_DOWN) { + } else if (event.key == KEY_DOWN && event.action == KEY_PRESSED) { print("Down arrow key pressed\n"); - } else if (event.type == INPUT_LEFT) { + } else if (event.key == KEY_LEFT && event.action == KEY_PRESSED) { print("Left arrow key pressed\n"); - } else if (event.type == INPUT_RIGHT) { + } else if (event.key == KEY_RIGHT && event.action == KEY_PRESSED) { print("Right arrow key pressed\n"); + } else if (event.key == KEY_LEFT_CTRL) { + print("Ctrl key "); + print(event.action == KEY_PRESSED ? "pressed\n" : "released\n"); } } From 061e557e03bfa10ac7d69732fd39901c58b8a602 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ox03bb Date: Tue, 22 Sep 2026 19:39:29 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 04/13] chore: foramte code --- includes/driver/vga.h | 24 +++----------- src/driver/keyboard/event_queue.c | 21 ++++++------- src/driver/keyboard/layout/us.c | 3 +- src/driver/vga.c | 52 +++++-------------------------- 4 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 76 deletions(-) diff --git a/includes/driver/vga.h b/includes/driver/vga.h index 1ddff0b..00ebdbf 100644 --- a/includes/driver/vga.h +++ b/includes/driver/vga.h @@ -84,25 +84,9 @@ uint8_t vga_get_cursor_x(void); uint8_t vga_get_cursor_y(void); void vga_put_at(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, char c, uint8_t color); -void vga_clear_region( - uint8_t x, - uint8_t y, - uint8_t width, - uint8_t height, - uint8_t color -); - -void vga_print_at( - uint8_t x, - uint8_t y, - const char *str, - uint8_t color -); -void vga_print_at_center( - uint8_t y, - const char *str, - uint8_t color -); - +void vga_clear_region(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t width, uint8_t height, uint8_t color); + +void vga_print_at(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, const char *str, uint8_t color); +void vga_print_at_center(uint8_t y, const char *str, uint8_t color); #endif \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/driver/keyboard/event_queue.c b/src/driver/keyboard/event_queue.c index ab2bbcd..2c186e4 100644 --- a/src/driver/keyboard/event_queue.c +++ b/src/driver/keyboard/event_queue.c @@ -35,21 +35,22 @@ bool input_queue_pop(input_event_t *event) { return true; } -bool input_queue_is_empty(void) { - return input_event_queue.head == input_event_queue.tail; -} +bool input_queue_is_empty(void) { return input_event_queue.head == input_event_queue.tail; } bool input_queue_is_full(void) { return ((input_event_queue.head + 1) % INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE) == input_event_queue.tail; } void input_queue_print() { - printf("\033[32mInput Queue: \033[0m head=%d, tail=%d\n", input_event_queue.head, input_event_queue.tail); - uint32_t count = (input_event_queue.head - input_event_queue.tail + INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE) % INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; + printf("\033[32mInput Queue: \033[0m head=%d, tail=%d\n", input_event_queue.head, + input_event_queue.tail); + uint32_t count = (input_event_queue.head - input_event_queue.tail + INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE) % + INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) { uint32_t index = (input_event_queue.tail + i) % INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; input_event_t event = input_event_queue.events[index]; - printf("Event[%d]: key=%d action=%d char=%c\n", i, event.key, event.action, event.character); + printf("Event[%d]: key=%d action=%d char=%c\n", i, event.key, event.action, + event.character); } } @@ -61,10 +62,8 @@ void input_queue_print_last() { uint32_t last = (input_event_queue.head - 1 + INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE) % INPUT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE; input_event_t event = input_event_queue.events[last]; - printf("\033[32mInput Queue:\033[0m Last event key=%d action=%d char=%c\n", event.key, event.action, - event.character); + printf("\033[32mInput Queue:\033[0m Last event key=%d action=%d char=%c\n", event.key, + event.action, event.character); } -void input_queue_clear(void) { - input_queue_init(); -} +void input_queue_clear(void) { input_queue_init(); } diff --git a/src/driver/keyboard/layout/us.c b/src/driver/keyboard/layout/us.c index 3222b41..813dfce 100644 --- a/src/driver/keyboard/layout/us.c +++ b/src/driver/keyboard/layout/us.c @@ -114,7 +114,8 @@ char keyboard_layout_translate(const keyboard_layout_t *layout, keycode_t key, } bool shifted = state->left_shift || state->right_shift; - bool caps_active = state->caps_lock && ((key >= KEY_A && key <= KEY_Z) || (key >= KEY_0 && key <= KEY_9)); + bool caps_active = + state->caps_lock && ((key >= KEY_A && key <= KEY_Z) || (key >= KEY_0 && key <= KEY_9)); if (shifted ^ caps_active) { return entry.shift; diff --git a/src/driver/vga.c b/src/driver/vga.c index b8ce31e..414c827 100644 --- a/src/driver/vga.c +++ b/src/driver/vga.c @@ -260,59 +260,29 @@ void vga_scroll_up(void) { vga_set_cursor(0, VGA_HEIGHT - 1); } - // update specific position -void vga_put_at(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, char c, uint8_t color){ +void vga_put_at(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, char c, uint8_t color) { uint16_t index = y * VGA_WIDTH + x; - vga_buf[index] = - ((uint16_t)color << 8) | (uint8_t)c; + vga_buf[index] = ((uint16_t)color << 8) | (uint8_t)c; } -void vga_clear_region( - uint8_t x, - uint8_t y, - uint8_t width, - uint8_t height, - uint8_t color -) -{ +void vga_clear_region(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t width, uint8_t height, uint8_t color) { for (uint8_t row = 0; row < height; row++) { for (uint8_t col = 0; col < width; col++) { - vga_put_at( - x + col, - y + row, - ' ', - color - ); + vga_put_at(x + col, y + row, ' ', color); } } } -void vga_print_at( - uint8_t x, - uint8_t y, - const char *str, - uint8_t color -) -{ +void vga_print_at(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, const char *str, uint8_t color) { for (uint32_t i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) { - vga_put_at( - x + i, - y, - str[i], - color - ); + vga_put_at(x + i, y, str[i], color); } } -void vga_print_at_center( - uint8_t y, - const char *str, - uint8_t color -) -{ +void vga_print_at_center(uint8_t y, const char *str, uint8_t color) { size_t len = strlen(str); if (len > VGA_WIDTH) { len = VGA_WIDTH; @@ -321,12 +291,6 @@ void vga_print_at_center( uint8_t x = (VGA_WIDTH - len) / 2; for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) { - vga_put_at( - x + i, - y, - str[i], - color - ); + vga_put_at(x + i, y, str[i], color); } } - \ No newline at end of file From 409af7383be6c40f5c22006959c19a4974df309a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ox03bb Date: Tue, 22 Sep 2026 22:29:09 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 05/13] feat: implement TTY interface and event handling for keyboard input --- includes/driver/keyboard/keyboard_keys.h | 5 - includes/driver/tty/tty.h | 50 ++++++ src/driver/tty/tty.c | 196 +++++++++++++++++++++++ src/kernel/kernel.c | 2 + 4 files changed, 248 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) create mode 100644 includes/driver/tty/tty.h create mode 100644 src/driver/tty/tty.c diff --git a/includes/driver/keyboard/keyboard_keys.h b/includes/driver/keyboard/keyboard_keys.h index 40e3dfc..e4fedda 100644 --- a/includes/driver/keyboard/keyboard_keys.h +++ b/includes/driver/keyboard/keyboard_keys.h @@ -184,11 +184,6 @@ typedef enum { typedef enum { KEY_PRESSED, KEY_RELEASED } key_action_t; -typedef struct { - keycode_t key; - key_action_t action; -} key_event_t; - typedef struct { keycode_t normal[256]; keycode_t extended[256]; diff --git a/includes/driver/tty/tty.h b/includes/driver/tty/tty.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..100fb6f --- /dev/null +++ b/includes/driver/tty/tty.h @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +#ifndef TTY_H +#define TTY_H + +#include "keyboard_keys.h" +#include "keyboard_layout.h" +#include "types.h" +#include "driver/keyboard/event_queue.h" + +#define TTY_BUFFER_SIZE 4096 + +// modifiers +typedef enum { + MOD_NONE = 0, + MOD_SHIFT = 1 << 0, + MOD_CTRL = 1 << 1, + MOD_ALT = 1 << 2, + MOD_ALTGR = 1 << 3, + MOD_CAPS = 1 << 4, + MOD_NUM = 1 << 5, + MOD_SCROLL = 1 << 6, + MOD_SUPER = 1 << 7 +} keyboard_modifiers_t; + +struct tty_t; + +typedef struct { + void (*init)(struct tty_t *tty); + void (*putc)(struct tty_t *tty, char c); + void (*write)(struct tty_t *tty, const char *str); + void (*read)(struct tty_t *tty, char *buf, size_t len); + void (*clear)(struct tty_t *tty); +} tty_interface_t; + +typedef struct tty_t { + bool echo; + bool line_ready; + + int input_length; + int buffer_index; + char buffer[TTY_BUFFER_SIZE]; + + keyboard_modifiers_t modifiers; + + tty_interface_t method; +} tty_t; + +void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event); +void tty_update_modifiers(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event); + +#endif \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/driver/tty/tty.c b/src/driver/tty/tty.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1208e00 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/driver/tty/tty.c @@ -0,0 +1,196 @@ +#include "tty.h" +#include "keyboard/event_queue.h" +#include "keyboard_keys.h" +#include "driver/vga.h" + +void init(tty_t *tty){ + tty->buffer_index = 0; +} + +void putc(tty_t *tty, char c){ + tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = c; + tty->buffer_index++; +} + +void read(tty_t *tty, char *buf, size_t len){ + int i = 0; + while (i < len && tty->buffer[i] != '\0'){ + buf[i] = tty->buffer[i]; + i++; + } + buf[i] = '\0'; +} + +void write(tty_t *tty, const char *buf){ + int i = 0; + while (buf[i] != '\0'){ + putc(tty, buf[i]); + i++; + } +} + +void clear(tty_t *tty){ + int i = 0; + while (i < TTY_BUFFER_SIZE){ + tty->buffer[i] = '\0'; + i++; + } + tty->input_length = 0; +} + + +void tty_update_modifiers(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) +{ + bool pressed = event->action == KEY_PRESSED; + + switch (event->key) { + + case KEY_LEFT_SHIFT: + case KEY_RIGHT_SHIFT: + if (pressed) + tty->modifiers |= MOD_SHIFT; + else + tty->modifiers &= ~MOD_SHIFT; + break; + + case KEY_LEFT_CTRL: + case KEY_RIGHT_CTRL: + if (pressed) + tty->modifiers |= MOD_CTRL; + else + tty->modifiers &= ~MOD_CTRL; + break; + + case KEY_LEFT_ALT: + if (pressed) + tty->modifiers |= MOD_ALT; + else + tty->modifiers &= ~MOD_ALT; + break; + + case KEY_RIGHT_ALT: + if (pressed) + tty->modifiers |= MOD_ALTGR; + else + tty->modifiers &= ~MOD_ALTGR; + break; + + case KEY_CAPS_LOCK: + if (pressed) + tty->modifiers ^= MOD_CAPS; + break; + + case KEY_NUM_LOCK: + if (pressed) + tty->modifiers ^= MOD_NUM; + break; + + case KEY_SCROLL_LOCK: + if (pressed) + tty->modifiers ^= MOD_SCROLL; + break; + + default: + break; + } +} + +void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) +{ + if (tty == NULL || event == NULL) + return; + + /* + * Update Shift/Ctrl/Alt/Caps/Num/Scroll state. + */ + tty_update_modifiers(tty, event); + + /* + * Key releases do not produce normal terminal input. + */ + if (event->action != KEY_PRESSED) + return; + + /* + * Modifier and lock keys have already been handled above. + */ + switch (event->key) { + + case KEY_LEFT_SHIFT: + case KEY_RIGHT_SHIFT: + case KEY_LEFT_CTRL: + case KEY_RIGHT_CTRL: + case KEY_LEFT_ALT: + case KEY_RIGHT_ALT: + case KEY_CAPS_LOCK: + case KEY_NUM_LOCK: + case KEY_SCROLL_LOCK: + return; + + default: + break; + } + + /* + * Terminal control combinations. + */ + if (tty->modifiers & MOD_CTRL) { + switch (event->key) { + + case KEY_C: + /* Ctrl+C */ + return; + + default: + break; + } + } + + /* + * Handle special terminal keys. + */ + switch (event->key) { + + case KEY_BACKSPACE: + if (tty->buffer_index > 0) { + tty->buffer_index--; + tty->input_length--; + + tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = '\0'; + } + return; + + case KEY_ENTER: + if (tty->buffer_index < TTY_BUFFER_SIZE - 1) { + tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index++] = '\n'; + tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = '\0'; + tty->input_length++; + tty->line_ready = true; + } + return; + + default: + break; + } + + /* + * Convert the key into a character. + * + * This should come from your keyboard-layout layer. + */ + char c = event->character; + + if (c == '\0') + return; + + /* + * Prevent buffer overflow. + */ + + if (tty->buffer_index >= TTY_BUFFER_SIZE - 1) + return; + + tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index++] = c; + tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = '\0'; + tty->input_length++; +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/kernel/kernel.c b/src/kernel/kernel.c index e180959..c3c252c 100644 --- a/src/kernel/kernel.c +++ b/src/kernel/kernel.c @@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ void kernel_main() { print("Character: "); print_char(event.character); print("\n"); + print("action: "); + print(event.action == KEY_PRESSED ? "pressed\n" : "released\n"); } else if (event.key == KEY_ENTER && event.action == KEY_PRESSED) { print("Enter key pressed\n"); } else if (event.key == KEY_BACKSPACE && event.action == KEY_PRESSED) { From 8ef71c0b0b5e28a59ac595e7415e2a5bd3cb75df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ox03bb Date: Wed, 23 Sep 2026 16:40:15 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 06/13] tty diagrames --- docs/assets/tty/tty.drawio.svg | 273 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ docs/assets/tty/tty.png | Bin 0 -> 57463 bytes 2 files changed, 273 insertions(+) create mode 100644 docs/assets/tty/tty.drawio.svg create mode 100644 docs/assets/tty/tty.png diff --git a/docs/assets/tty/tty.drawio.svg b/docs/assets/tty/tty.drawio.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14dbc6c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/assets/tty/tty.drawio.svg @@ -0,0 +1,273 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
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+
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+ + TTY + +
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+ + + TTY + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ input +
+
+
+ + + input + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ Terminal +
+
+
+ + + Terminal + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ Console +
+
+
+ + + Console + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ secreen +
+
+
+ + + secreen + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ network +
+
+
+ + + network + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ write +
+
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+ +typedef struct { + void (*write)(struct console_t *console, char *str); + void (*clear)(struct console_t *console); +} console_interface_t; + +typedef struct console_t { + console_interface_t method; +} console_t; + +void console_init(console_t *console); + + +#endif \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/includes/driver/tty/tty.h b/includes/driver/tty/tty.h deleted file mode 100644 index 100fb6f..0000000 --- a/includes/driver/tty/tty.h +++ /dev/null @@ -1,50 +0,0 @@ -#ifndef TTY_H -#define TTY_H - -#include "keyboard_keys.h" -#include "keyboard_layout.h" -#include "types.h" -#include "driver/keyboard/event_queue.h" - -#define TTY_BUFFER_SIZE 4096 - -// modifiers -typedef enum { - MOD_NONE = 0, - MOD_SHIFT = 1 << 0, - MOD_CTRL = 1 << 1, - MOD_ALT = 1 << 2, - MOD_ALTGR = 1 << 3, - MOD_CAPS = 1 << 4, - MOD_NUM = 1 << 5, - MOD_SCROLL = 1 << 6, - MOD_SUPER = 1 << 7 -} keyboard_modifiers_t; - -struct tty_t; - -typedef struct { - void (*init)(struct tty_t *tty); - void (*putc)(struct tty_t *tty, char c); - void (*write)(struct tty_t *tty, const char *str); - void (*read)(struct tty_t *tty, char *buf, size_t len); - void (*clear)(struct tty_t *tty); -} tty_interface_t; - -typedef struct tty_t { - bool echo; - bool line_ready; - - int input_length; - int buffer_index; - char buffer[TTY_BUFFER_SIZE]; - - keyboard_modifiers_t modifiers; - - tty_interface_t method; -} tty_t; - -void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event); -void tty_update_modifiers(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event); - -#endif \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/driver/console/vga/vga_console.c b/src/driver/console/vga/vga_console.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3e1362 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/driver/console/vga/vga_console.c @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +#include "driver/vga.h" + +#include "types.h" + +#include "console.h" + +#include "driver/tty.h" + +#include "stdio.h" + +void console_write(console_t *console, char *str); +void console_clear(console_t *console); + + +static const console_interface_t console_default_interface = { + .write = console_write, + .clear = console_clear, +}; + + +void console_init(console_t *console) { + if (console == NULL) + return; + + console->method = console_default_interface; +} + +void console_write(console_t *console, char *str) { + + if (console == NULL || str == NULL) + return; + + print(str); +} + +void console_clear(console_t *console) { + if (console == NULL) + return; + + vga_clear(); +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/driver/tty/tty.c b/src/driver/tty/tty.c deleted file mode 100644 index 1208e00..0000000 --- a/src/driver/tty/tty.c +++ /dev/null @@ -1,196 +0,0 @@ -#include "tty.h" -#include "keyboard/event_queue.h" -#include "keyboard_keys.h" -#include "driver/vga.h" - -void init(tty_t *tty){ - tty->buffer_index = 0; -} - -void putc(tty_t *tty, char c){ - tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = c; - tty->buffer_index++; -} - -void read(tty_t *tty, char *buf, size_t len){ - int i = 0; - while (i < len && tty->buffer[i] != '\0'){ - buf[i] = tty->buffer[i]; - i++; - } - buf[i] = '\0'; -} - -void write(tty_t *tty, const char *buf){ - int i = 0; - while (buf[i] != '\0'){ - putc(tty, buf[i]); - i++; - } -} - -void clear(tty_t *tty){ - int i = 0; - while (i < TTY_BUFFER_SIZE){ - tty->buffer[i] = '\0'; - i++; - } - tty->input_length = 0; -} - - -void tty_update_modifiers(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) -{ - bool pressed = event->action == KEY_PRESSED; - - switch (event->key) { - - case KEY_LEFT_SHIFT: - case KEY_RIGHT_SHIFT: - if (pressed) - tty->modifiers |= MOD_SHIFT; - else - tty->modifiers &= ~MOD_SHIFT; - break; - - case KEY_LEFT_CTRL: - case KEY_RIGHT_CTRL: - if (pressed) - tty->modifiers |= MOD_CTRL; - else - tty->modifiers &= ~MOD_CTRL; - break; - - case KEY_LEFT_ALT: - if (pressed) - tty->modifiers |= MOD_ALT; - else - tty->modifiers &= ~MOD_ALT; - break; - - case KEY_RIGHT_ALT: - if (pressed) - tty->modifiers |= MOD_ALTGR; - else - tty->modifiers &= ~MOD_ALTGR; - break; - - case KEY_CAPS_LOCK: - if (pressed) - tty->modifiers ^= MOD_CAPS; - break; - - case KEY_NUM_LOCK: - if (pressed) - tty->modifiers ^= MOD_NUM; - break; - - case KEY_SCROLL_LOCK: - if (pressed) - tty->modifiers ^= MOD_SCROLL; - break; - - default: - break; - } -} - -void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) -{ - if (tty == NULL || event == NULL) - return; - - /* - * Update Shift/Ctrl/Alt/Caps/Num/Scroll state. - */ - tty_update_modifiers(tty, event); - - /* - * Key releases do not produce normal terminal input. - */ - if (event->action != KEY_PRESSED) - return; - - /* - * Modifier and lock keys have already been handled above. - */ - switch (event->key) { - - case KEY_LEFT_SHIFT: - case KEY_RIGHT_SHIFT: - case KEY_LEFT_CTRL: - case KEY_RIGHT_CTRL: - case KEY_LEFT_ALT: - case KEY_RIGHT_ALT: - case KEY_CAPS_LOCK: - case KEY_NUM_LOCK: - case KEY_SCROLL_LOCK: - return; - - default: - break; - } - - /* - * Terminal control combinations. - */ - if (tty->modifiers & MOD_CTRL) { - switch (event->key) { - - case KEY_C: - /* Ctrl+C */ - return; - - default: - break; - } - } - - /* - * Handle special terminal keys. - */ - switch (event->key) { - - case KEY_BACKSPACE: - if (tty->buffer_index > 0) { - tty->buffer_index--; - tty->input_length--; - - tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = '\0'; - } - return; - - case KEY_ENTER: - if (tty->buffer_index < TTY_BUFFER_SIZE - 1) { - tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index++] = '\n'; - tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = '\0'; - tty->input_length++; - tty->line_ready = true; - } - return; - - default: - break; - } - - /* - * Convert the key into a character. - * - * This should come from your keyboard-layout layer. - */ - char c = event->character; - - if (c == '\0') - return; - - /* - * Prevent buffer overflow. - */ - - if (tty->buffer_index >= TTY_BUFFER_SIZE - 1) - return; - - tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index++] = c; - tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = '\0'; - tty->input_length++; -} \ No newline at end of file From a4dabdb84bf14226094ee2cac61786b6431eff83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ox03bb Date: Wed, 23 Sep 2026 16:42:16 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 08/13] refactor(tty): cahgen the old stracture and add a console attr to tty --- includes/driver/tty.h | 56 ++++++++++ src/driver/tty.c | 236 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 292 insertions(+) create mode 100644 includes/driver/tty.h create mode 100644 src/driver/tty.c diff --git a/includes/driver/tty.h b/includes/driver/tty.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2118d96 --- /dev/null +++ b/includes/driver/tty.h @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +#ifndef TTY_H +#define TTY_H + +#include "driver/keyboard/event_queue.h" +#include "keyboard_keys.h" +#include "keyboard_layout.h" +#include "types.h" + +#include "console.h" + +#define TTY_BUFFER_SIZE 4096 + +// modifiers +typedef enum { + MOD_NONE = 0, + MOD_SHIFT = 1 << 0, + MOD_CTRL = 1 << 1, + MOD_ALT = 1 << 2, + MOD_ALTGR = 1 << 3, + MOD_CAPS = 1 << 4, + MOD_NUM = 1 << 5, + MOD_SCROLL = 1 << 6, + MOD_SUPER = 1 << 7 +} keyboard_modifiers_t; + +struct tty_t; + +typedef struct { + void (*putc)(struct tty_t *tty, char c); + void (*write)(struct tty_t *tty, const char *str); + void (*read)(struct tty_t *tty, char *buf, size_t len); + void (*clear)(struct tty_t *tty); +} tty_interface_t; + + +typedef struct tty_t { + bool echo; + bool line_ready; + + int input_length; + int buffer_index; + char buffer[TTY_BUFFER_SIZE]; + + keyboard_modifiers_t modifiers; + + tty_interface_t method; + + console_t *console; +} tty_t; + +void tty_init(tty_t *tty); + +void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event); +void tty_update_modifiers(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event); + +#endif \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/driver/tty.c b/src/driver/tty.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..662a5b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/driver/tty.c @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +#include "tty.h" +#include "driver/vga.h" +#include "keyboard/event_queue.h" +#include "keyboard_keys.h" + +#include "console.h" + +void tty_putc(tty_t *tty, char c); +void tty_write(tty_t *tty, const char *str); +void tty_read(tty_t *tty, char *buf, size_t len); +void tty_clear(tty_t *tty); + +static const tty_interface_t tty_default_interface = { + .putc = tty_putc, + .write = tty_write, + .read = tty_read, + .clear = tty_clear, +}; + +void tty_init(tty_t *tty) { + + if (tty == NULL) + return; + + tty->echo = true; + tty->line_ready = false; + + tty->input_length = 0; + tty->buffer_index = 0; + + tty->modifiers = MOD_NONE; + + for (size_t i = 0; i < TTY_BUFFER_SIZE; i++) + tty->buffer[i] = '\0'; + + tty->method = tty_default_interface; + + console_init(tty->console); +} + +void tty_putc(tty_t *tty, char c) { + if (tty == NULL) + return; + + if (tty->buffer_index >= TTY_BUFFER_SIZE - 1) + return; + + tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index++] = c; + tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = '\0'; + + tty->input_length++; +} + +void tty_write(tty_t *tty, const char *str) { + if (tty == NULL || str == NULL) + return; + + for (size_t i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) + tty_putc(tty, str[i]); +} + +void tty_read(tty_t *tty, char *buf, size_t len) { + if (tty == NULL || buf == NULL || len == 0) + return; + + size_t i = 0; + + /* + * Reserve one byte for '\0'. + */ + while (i < len - 1 && tty->buffer[i] != '\0') { + buf[i] = tty->buffer[i]; + i++; + } + + buf[i] = '\0'; +} + +void tty_clear(tty_t *tty) { + if (tty == NULL) + return; + + for (size_t i = 0; i < TTY_BUFFER_SIZE; i++) + tty->buffer[i] = '\0'; + + tty->buffer_index = 0; + tty->input_length = 0; + tty->line_ready = false; +} + +void tty_update_modifiers(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) { + if (tty == NULL || event == NULL) + return; + + bool pressed = event->action == KEY_PRESSED; + + switch (event->key) { + + case KEY_LEFT_SHIFT: + case KEY_RIGHT_SHIFT: + if (pressed) + tty->modifiers |= MOD_SHIFT; + else + tty->modifiers &= ~MOD_SHIFT; + break; + + case KEY_LEFT_CTRL: + case KEY_RIGHT_CTRL: + if (pressed) + tty->modifiers |= MOD_CTRL; + else + tty->modifiers &= ~MOD_CTRL; + break; + + case KEY_LEFT_ALT: + if (pressed) + tty->modifiers |= MOD_ALT; + else + tty->modifiers &= ~MOD_ALT; + break; + + case KEY_RIGHT_ALT: + if (pressed) + tty->modifiers |= MOD_ALTGR; + else + tty->modifiers &= ~MOD_ALTGR; + break; + + case KEY_CAPS_LOCK: + if (pressed) + tty->modifiers ^= MOD_CAPS; + break; + + case KEY_NUM_LOCK: + if (pressed) + tty->modifiers ^= MOD_NUM; + break; + + case KEY_SCROLL_LOCK: + if (pressed) + tty->modifiers ^= MOD_SCROLL; + break; + + default: + break; + } +} + +void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) { + if (tty == NULL || event == NULL) + return; + + tty_update_modifiers(tty, event); + + if (event->action != KEY_PRESSED) + return; + + switch (event->key) { + + case KEY_LEFT_SHIFT: + case KEY_RIGHT_SHIFT: + + case KEY_LEFT_CTRL: + case KEY_RIGHT_CTRL: + + case KEY_LEFT_ALT: + case KEY_RIGHT_ALT: + + case KEY_CAPS_LOCK: + case KEY_NUM_LOCK: + case KEY_SCROLL_LOCK: + + return; + + default: + break; + } + + if (tty->modifiers & MOD_CTRL) { + + switch (event->key) { + + case KEY_C: + /* + * Ctrl+C + * + * Process/signal handling can be added later. + */ + return; + + default: + break; + } + } + + switch (event->key) { + + case KEY_BACKSPACE: + + if (tty->buffer_index > 0) { + + tty->buffer_index--; + + if (tty->input_length > 0) + tty->input_length--; + + tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = '\0'; + } + + return; + + case KEY_ENTER: + + if (tty->buffer_index < TTY_BUFFER_SIZE - 1) { + + tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index++] = '\n'; + tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = '\0'; + + tty->input_length++; + + tty->line_ready = true; + } + + return; + + default: + break; + } + + char c = event->character; + + if (c == '\0') + return; + + tty_putc(tty, c); +} \ No newline at end of file From a529812e3fe5fbe06d688187db260d8252e92d97 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ox03bb Date: Wed, 23 Sep 2026 20:21:09 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 09/13] tty work correctly --- includes/driver/console.h | 5 ++-- includes/driver/tty.h | 3 ++ src/driver/console/vga/vga_console.c | 2 +- src/driver/tty.c | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++---- src/kernel/kernel.c | 44 ++++++++-------------------- 5 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-) diff --git a/includes/driver/console.h b/includes/driver/console.h index badc450..3190686 100644 --- a/includes/driver/console.h +++ b/includes/driver/console.h @@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ struct console_t; typedef struct { - void (*write)(struct console_t *console, char *str); - void (*clear)(struct console_t *console); + void (*write)(struct console_t *self, char *str); + void (*clear)(struct console_t *self); } console_interface_t; typedef struct console_t { @@ -19,5 +19,4 @@ typedef struct console_t { void console_init(console_t *console); - #endif \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/includes/driver/tty.h b/includes/driver/tty.h index 2118d96..c67f08d 100644 --- a/includes/driver/tty.h +++ b/includes/driver/tty.h @@ -53,4 +53,7 @@ void tty_init(tty_t *tty); void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event); void tty_update_modifiers(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event); +void tty_process_events(tty_t *tty); + + #endif \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/driver/console/vga/vga_console.c b/src/driver/console/vga/vga_console.c index e3e1362..2f8d2b5 100644 --- a/src/driver/console/vga/vga_console.c +++ b/src/driver/console/vga/vga_console.c @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #include "types.h" -#include "console.h" +#include "console.h"s #include "driver/tty.h" diff --git a/src/driver/tty.c b/src/driver/tty.c index 662a5b9..4bc9fac 100644 --- a/src/driver/tty.c +++ b/src/driver/tty.c @@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ static const tty_interface_t tty_default_interface = { .clear = tty_clear, }; +console_t vga_console; + void tty_init(tty_t *tty) { if (tty == NULL) @@ -35,6 +37,8 @@ void tty_init(tty_t *tty) { tty->method = tty_default_interface; + tty->console = &vga_console; + console_init(tty->console); } @@ -89,8 +93,8 @@ void tty_clear(tty_t *tty) { } void tty_update_modifiers(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) { - if (tty == NULL || event == NULL) - return; + if (tty == NULL || event == NULL){ + return;} bool pressed = event->action == KEY_PRESSED; @@ -146,7 +150,8 @@ void tty_update_modifiers(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) { } } -void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) { +void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) +{ if (tty == NULL || event == NULL) return; @@ -205,6 +210,9 @@ void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) { tty->input_length--; tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = '\0'; + + if (tty->echo) + tty->method.write(tty, "\b"); } return; @@ -217,8 +225,10 @@ void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) { tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = '\0'; tty->input_length++; - tty->line_ready = true; + + if (tty->echo) + tty->console->method.write(tty->console, "\n"); } return; @@ -232,5 +242,27 @@ void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) { if (c == '\0') return; - tty_putc(tty, c); + if (tty->buffer_index < TTY_BUFFER_SIZE - 1) { + + tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index++] = c; + tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = '\0'; + + tty->input_length++; + + if (tty->echo) { + char output[2] = {c, '\0'}; + tty->console->method.write(tty->console, output); + } + } +} + +// entry point + +void tty_process_events(tty_t *tty) +{ + input_event_t event; + + while (input_queue_pop(&event)) { + tty_handle_event(tty, &event); + } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/kernel/kernel.c b/src/kernel/kernel.c index c3c252c..fdfdcd9 100644 --- a/src/kernel/kernel.c +++ b/src/kernel/kernel.c @@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ #include "string.h" +#include "driver/tty.h" + #include "keyboard/event_queue.h" #include "keyboard/handler.h" @@ -57,41 +59,21 @@ void kernel_main() { KERNEL_INIT("PS/2 controller", ps2_init); KERNEL_INIT("Keyboard Driver", init_keyboard); - pic_clear_mask(1); + + tty_t tty0; + tty_init(&tty0); + + + int i = 0; while (1) { - input_event_t event; - if (!input_queue_pop(&event)) { - asm volatile("hlt"); - continue; - } - - if (event.type == INPUT_EVENT_CHAR) { - print("Character: "); - print_char(event.character); - print("\n"); - print("action: "); - print(event.action == KEY_PRESSED ? "pressed\n" : "released\n"); - } else if (event.key == KEY_ENTER && event.action == KEY_PRESSED) { - print("Enter key pressed\n"); - } else if (event.key == KEY_BACKSPACE && event.action == KEY_PRESSED) { - print("Backspace key pressed\n"); - } else if (event.key == KEY_TAB && event.action == KEY_PRESSED) { - print("Tab key pressed\n"); - } else if (event.key == KEY_UP && event.action == KEY_PRESSED) { - print("Up arrow key pressed\n"); - } else if (event.key == KEY_DOWN && event.action == KEY_PRESSED) { - print("Down arrow key pressed\n"); - } else if (event.key == KEY_LEFT && event.action == KEY_PRESSED) { - print("Left arrow key pressed\n"); - } else if (event.key == KEY_RIGHT && event.action == KEY_PRESSED) { - print("Right arrow key pressed\n"); - } else if (event.key == KEY_LEFT_CTRL) { - print("Ctrl key "); - print(event.action == KEY_PRESSED ? "pressed\n" : "released\n"); - } + + + tty_process_events(&tty0); + } + print("[\033[32mready\033[0m] Kernel initialized successfully!\n"); return; } \ No newline at end of file From 2c897a6418ce84679c6ff7888d234784f0948316 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ox03bb Date: Wed, 23 Sep 2026 20:33:08 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 10/13] feat: add virtual curosr and arrow controle --- includes/driver/tty.h | 1 + includes/driver/vga.h | 5 ++++ src/driver/tty.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---- src/driver/vga.c | 32 +++++++++++++++++++++-- src/kernel/kernel.c | 1 - 5 files changed, 90 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/includes/driver/tty.h b/includes/driver/tty.h index c67f08d..8c30951 100644 --- a/includes/driver/tty.h +++ b/includes/driver/tty.h @@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ typedef struct tty_t { int input_length; int buffer_index; + int cursor_index; char buffer[TTY_BUFFER_SIZE]; keyboard_modifiers_t modifiers; diff --git a/includes/driver/vga.h b/includes/driver/vga.h index 00ebdbf..5a62b0a 100644 --- a/includes/driver/vga.h +++ b/includes/driver/vga.h @@ -77,6 +77,11 @@ void vga_set_cursor(uint8_t x, uint8_t y); void vga_set_cursor_position(uint16_t p); +void vga_cursor_up(void); +void vga_cursor_down(void); +void vga_cursor_left(void); +void vga_cursor_right(void); + uint16_t vga_get_cursor_position(void); uint8_t vga_get_cursor_x(void); diff --git a/src/driver/tty.c b/src/driver/tty.c index 4bc9fac..755d329 100644 --- a/src/driver/tty.c +++ b/src/driver/tty.c @@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ void tty_init(tty_t *tty) { tty->input_length = 0; tty->buffer_index = 0; + tty->cursor_index = 0; tty->modifiers = MOD_NONE; @@ -88,6 +89,7 @@ void tty_clear(tty_t *tty) { tty->buffer[i] = '\0'; tty->buffer_index = 0; + tty->cursor_index = 0; tty->input_length = 0; tty->line_ready = false; } @@ -200,19 +202,48 @@ void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) switch (event->key) { + case KEY_LEFT: + if (tty->cursor_index > 0) { + tty->cursor_index--; + vga_cursor_left(); + } + return; + + case KEY_RIGHT: + if (tty->cursor_index < tty->buffer_index) { + tty->cursor_index++; + vga_cursor_right(); + } + return; + case KEY_BACKSPACE: - if (tty->buffer_index > 0) { + if (tty->cursor_index > 0) { + uint16_t delete_position = vga_get_cursor_position(); + for (int i = tty->cursor_index - 1; i < tty->buffer_index; i++) + tty->buffer[i] = tty->buffer[i + 1]; + + tty->cursor_index--; tty->buffer_index--; if (tty->input_length > 0) tty->input_length--; - tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = '\0'; + if (tty->echo) { + vga_cursor_left(); + delete_position = vga_get_cursor_position(); - if (tty->echo) - tty->method.write(tty, "\b"); + for (int i = tty->cursor_index; i < tty->buffer_index; i++) { + char output[2] = {tty->buffer[i], '\0'}; + tty->console->method.write(tty->console, output); + } + + vga_print_char(' '); + vga_set_cursor_position(delete_position); + } + + tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = '\0'; } return; @@ -221,10 +252,16 @@ void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) if (tty->buffer_index < TTY_BUFFER_SIZE - 1) { + if (tty->echo) { + vga_set_cursor_position(vga_get_cursor_position() + + (tty->buffer_index - tty->cursor_index)); + } + tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index++] = '\n'; tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = '\0'; tty->input_length++; + tty->cursor_index = tty->buffer_index; tty->line_ready = true; if (tty->echo) @@ -243,8 +280,13 @@ void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) return; if (tty->buffer_index < TTY_BUFFER_SIZE - 1) { + uint16_t cursor_position = vga_get_cursor_position(); + + for (int i = tty->buffer_index; i > tty->cursor_index; i--) + tty->buffer[i] = tty->buffer[i - 1]; - tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index++] = c; + tty->buffer[tty->cursor_index++] = c; + tty->buffer_index++; tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index] = '\0'; tty->input_length++; @@ -252,6 +294,13 @@ void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) if (tty->echo) { char output[2] = {c, '\0'}; tty->console->method.write(tty->console, output); + + for (int i = tty->cursor_index; i < tty->buffer_index; i++) { + output[0] = tty->buffer[i]; + tty->console->method.write(tty->console, output); + } + + vga_set_cursor_position(cursor_position + 1); } } } diff --git a/src/driver/vga.c b/src/driver/vga.c index 414c827..ff1ca61 100644 --- a/src/driver/vga.c +++ b/src/driver/vga.c @@ -157,10 +157,10 @@ void vga_set_color(uint8_t foreground, uint8_t background) { // Cursor Enabling void vga_cursor_enable(void) { outb(VGA_INDEX_PORT, VGA_CURSOR_START); - outb(VGA_DATA_PORT, 0x06); + outb(VGA_DATA_PORT, 0x00); outb(VGA_INDEX_PORT, VGA_CURSOR_END); - outb(VGA_DATA_PORT, 0x07); + outb(VGA_DATA_PORT, 0x0F); } void vga_cursor_disable(void) { @@ -200,6 +200,34 @@ void vga_set_cursor_position(uint16_t p) { cursor_y = p / VGA_WIDTH; } +void vga_cursor_up(void) { + if (cursor_position < VGA_WIDTH) + return; + + vga_set_cursor_position(cursor_position - VGA_WIDTH); +} + +void vga_cursor_down(void) { + if (cursor_position + VGA_WIDTH >= VGA_RES) + return; + + vga_set_cursor_position(cursor_position + VGA_WIDTH); +} + +void vga_cursor_left(void) { + if (cursor_position == 0) + return; + + vga_set_cursor_position(cursor_position - 1); +} + +void vga_cursor_right(void) { + if (cursor_position + 1 >= VGA_RES) + return; + + vga_set_cursor_position(cursor_position + 1); +} + uint16_t vga_get_cursor_position(void) { outb(VGA_INDEX_PORT, VGA_CURSOR_HIGH); diff --git a/src/kernel/kernel.c b/src/kernel/kernel.c index fdfdcd9..21eb623 100644 --- a/src/kernel/kernel.c +++ b/src/kernel/kernel.c @@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ void kernel_main() { tty_process_events(&tty0); - } print("[\033[32mready\033[0m] Kernel initialized successfully!\n"); From fe3cafd311d4530ae66a01409ad1356f5557135d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ox03bb Date: Wed, 23 Sep 2026 20:37:23 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 11/13] fix(tty): correct console method usage in tty_write and tty_clear and formate the code --- includes/driver/tty.h | 4 +--- src/driver/console/vga/vga_console.c | 4 +--- src/driver/tty.c | 27 +++++++++++++++++---------- src/kernel/kernel.c | 3 --- 4 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-) diff --git a/includes/driver/tty.h b/includes/driver/tty.h index 8c30951..f402f72 100644 --- a/includes/driver/tty.h +++ b/includes/driver/tty.h @@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ typedef struct { void (*clear)(struct tty_t *tty); } tty_interface_t; - typedef struct tty_t { bool echo; bool line_ready; @@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ typedef struct tty_t { tty_interface_t method; - console_t *console; + console_t *console; } tty_t; void tty_init(tty_t *tty); @@ -56,5 +55,4 @@ void tty_update_modifiers(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event); void tty_process_events(tty_t *tty); - #endif \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/driver/console/vga/vga_console.c b/src/driver/console/vga/vga_console.c index 2f8d2b5..265366c 100644 --- a/src/driver/console/vga/vga_console.c +++ b/src/driver/console/vga/vga_console.c @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #include "types.h" -#include "console.h"s +#include "console.h" #include "driver/tty.h" @@ -11,13 +11,11 @@ void console_write(console_t *console, char *str); void console_clear(console_t *console); - static const console_interface_t console_default_interface = { .write = console_write, .clear = console_clear, }; - void console_init(console_t *console) { if (console == NULL) return; diff --git a/src/driver/tty.c b/src/driver/tty.c index 755d329..55b0891 100644 --- a/src/driver/tty.c +++ b/src/driver/tty.c @@ -60,8 +60,13 @@ void tty_write(tty_t *tty, const char *str) { if (tty == NULL || str == NULL) return; - for (size_t i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) - tty_putc(tty, str[i]); + if (tty->console == NULL || tty->console->method.write == NULL) + return; + + for (size_t i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) { + char ch[2] = {str[i], '\0'}; + tty->console->method.write(tty->console, ch); + } } void tty_read(tty_t *tty, char *buf, size_t len) { @@ -92,11 +97,15 @@ void tty_clear(tty_t *tty) { tty->cursor_index = 0; tty->input_length = 0; tty->line_ready = false; + + if (tty->console != NULL && tty->console->method.clear != NULL) + tty->console->method.clear(tty->console); } void tty_update_modifiers(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) { - if (tty == NULL || event == NULL){ - return;} + if (tty == NULL || event == NULL) { + return; + } bool pressed = event->action == KEY_PRESSED; @@ -152,8 +161,7 @@ void tty_update_modifiers(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) { } } -void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) -{ +void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) { if (tty == NULL || event == NULL) return; @@ -254,7 +262,7 @@ void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) if (tty->echo) { vga_set_cursor_position(vga_get_cursor_position() + - (tty->buffer_index - tty->cursor_index)); + (tty->buffer_index - tty->cursor_index)); } tty->buffer[tty->buffer_index++] = '\n'; @@ -305,10 +313,9 @@ void tty_handle_event(tty_t *tty, const input_event_t *event) } } -// entry point +// entry point -void tty_process_events(tty_t *tty) -{ +void tty_process_events(tty_t *tty) { input_event_t event; while (input_queue_pop(&event)) { diff --git a/src/kernel/kernel.c b/src/kernel/kernel.c index 21eb623..f74c2d7 100644 --- a/src/kernel/kernel.c +++ b/src/kernel/kernel.c @@ -61,15 +61,12 @@ void kernel_main() { KERNEL_INIT("Keyboard Driver", init_keyboard); pic_clear_mask(1); - tty_t tty0; tty_init(&tty0); - int i = 0; while (1) { - tty_process_events(&tty0); } From 6510fb7ec53e627f15b3e3f49ffc27361711354c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ox03bb Date: Wed, 23 Sep 2026 20:55:56 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 12/13] feat: add scanf & scan char --- includes/lib/stdio.h | 2 + src/libs/stdio.c | 192 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 194 insertions(+) diff --git a/includes/lib/stdio.h b/includes/lib/stdio.h index d3097bf..2962f4c 100644 --- a/includes/lib/stdio.h +++ b/includes/lib/stdio.h @@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ void print_at_end(const char *str, uint8_t color); void printf(const char *format, ...); void snprintf(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size, const char *format, ...); +char scan_char(void); +int scanf(const char *format, ...); char *vformatter(const char *format, va_list args); char *formatter(const char *format, ...); diff --git a/src/libs/stdio.c b/src/libs/stdio.c index 4ba60c6..c120319 100644 --- a/src/libs/stdio.c +++ b/src/libs/stdio.c @@ -5,11 +5,203 @@ #include "vga_lib.h" #include "string.h" +#include "keyboard/event_queue.h" #include "stdio.h" #define FORMATTER_BUFFER_SIZE 1024 static char buffer[FORMATTER_BUFFER_SIZE]; +static bool scan_has_pending; +static char scan_pending; + +static char scan_read_char(void) { + input_event_t event; + + if (scan_has_pending) { + scan_has_pending = false; + return scan_pending; + } + + while (input_queue_pop(&event)) { + if (event.action != KEY_PRESSED) + continue; + + if (event.type == INPUT_EVENT_CHAR) + return event.character; + + if (event.key == KEY_ENTER) + return '\n'; + } + + return '\0'; +} + +static void scan_unread_char(char character) { + scan_pending = character; + scan_has_pending = true; +} + +static bool scan_is_space(char character) { + return character == ' ' || character == '\t' || character == '\n' || character == '\r'; +} + +char scan_char(void) { + char character; + + do { + character = scan_read_char(); + } while (character == '\0'); + + return character; +} + +int scanf(const char *format, ...) { + va_list args; + int assigned = 0; + + va_start(args, format); + + while (*format) { + if (scan_is_space(*format)) { + while (scan_is_space(*format)) + format++; + + char character; + do { + character = scan_char(); + } while (scan_is_space(character)); + scan_unread_char(character); + continue; + } + + if (*format != '%') { + char character = scan_char(); + if (character != *format) { + scan_unread_char(character); + break; + } + format++; + continue; + } + + format++; + if (*format == '\0') + break; + + switch (*format) { + case 'c': { + char *value = va_arg(args, char *); + *value = scan_char(); + assigned++; + break; + } + + case 's': { + char *value = va_arg(args, char *); + char character; + size_t length = 0; + + do { + character = scan_char(); + } while (scan_is_space(character)); + + while (!scan_is_space(character)) { + value[length++] = character; + character = scan_char(); + } + value[length] = '\0'; + assigned++; + break; + } + + case 'd': { + int *value = va_arg(args, int *); + char character; + int sign = 1; + int number = 0; + + do { + character = scan_char(); + } while (scan_is_space(character)); + + if (character == '-' || character == '+') { + sign = character == '-' ? -1 : 1; + character = scan_char(); + } + + if (character < '0' || character > '9') { + scan_unread_char(character); + break; + } + + do { + number = number * 10 + (character - '0'); + character = scan_char(); + } while (character >= '0' && character <= '9'); + + scan_unread_char(character); + *value = number * sign; + assigned++; + break; + } + + case 'x': { + uint32_t *value = va_arg(args, uint32_t *); + char character; + uint32_t number = 0; + bool has_digit = false; + + do { + character = scan_char(); + } while (scan_is_space(character)); + + if (character == '0') { + char prefix = scan_char(); + if (prefix == 'x' || prefix == 'X') + character = scan_char(); + else + scan_unread_char(prefix); + } + + while ((character >= '0' && character <= '9') || + (character >= 'a' && character <= 'f') || + (character >= 'A' && character <= 'F')) { + uint32_t digit; + if (character >= '0' && character <= '9') + digit = (uint32_t)(character - '0'); + else if (character >= 'a' && character <= 'f') + digit = (uint32_t)(character - 'a' + 10); + else + digit = (uint32_t)(character - 'A' + 10); + + number = number * 16 + digit; + has_digit = true; + character = scan_char(); + } + + if (!has_digit) { + scan_unread_char(character); + break; + } + + scan_unread_char(character); + *value = number; + assigned++; + break; + } + + default: + scan_unread_char('%'); + va_end(args); + return assigned; + } + + format++; + } + + va_end(args); + return assigned; +} void print(const char *str) { while (*str) { From 4daddb7573c9c33dccce1c733b3e770d802efdb4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ox03bb Date: Thu, 24 Sep 2026 21:15:51 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 13/13] refactor: comment out unused code in bootloader and entry files --- src/bootloader/boot.asm | 26 +++++++++++++------------- src/kernel/entry.asm | 32 ++++++++++++++++---------------- 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/bootloader/boot.asm b/src/bootloader/boot.asm index 5d2c8b2..cf2fbad 100644 --- a/src/bootloader/boot.asm +++ b/src/bootloader/boot.asm @@ -34,31 +34,31 @@ int 0x13 jc disk_read_error -jmp start +; jmp start -msg db 13, 10,"Welcom to my bootLoader", 13, 10 - db "press any key to continue...", 0 +; msg db 13, 10,"Welcom to my bootLoader", 13, 10 +; db "press any key to continue...", 0 -s_msg db 13,10,10,"starting...",0 +; s_msg db 13,10,10,"starting...",0 -%include "src/bootloader/utils.asm" +; %include "src/bootloader/utils.asm" -start: +; start: -call clear_screen +; call clear_screen -MOV si, msg -call print +; MOV si, msg +; call print -call get_key +; call get_key -MOV si, s_msg -call print -jmp PM_start +; MOV si, s_msg +; call print +; jmp PM_start PM_start: diff --git a/src/kernel/entry.asm b/src/kernel/entry.asm index d8787f9..356b7b2 100644 --- a/src/kernel/entry.asm +++ b/src/kernel/entry.asm @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ extern kernel_main _start: cli - call print_kernel_loaded + ; call print_kernel_loaded call kernel_main cli @@ -21,23 +21,23 @@ _start: ; ---------------------------------------- ; Print "Kernel is loaded" ; ---------------------------------------- -print_kernel_loaded: - pushad +; print_kernel_loaded: +; pushad - mov edi, 0xB8000 ; VGA text buffer - mov esi, kernel_msg +; mov edi, 0xB8000 ; VGA text buffer +; mov esi, kernel_msg -.print: - lodsb ; AL = *ESI++ - test al, al - jz .done +; .print: +; lodsb ; AL = *ESI++ +; test al, al +; jz .done - mov ah, 0x0F ; White text on black background - stosw ; Write AX (character + attribute) - jmp .print +; mov ah, 0x0F ; White text on black background +; stosw ; Write AX (character + attribute) +; jmp .print -.done: - popad - ret +; .done: +; popad +; ret -kernel_msg db "Hello from kernel!", 0 \ No newline at end of file +; kernel_msg db "Hello from kernel!", 0 \ No newline at end of file