math.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath> // Required for advanced math functions like sqrt, round, log, pow, etc.
using namespace std;

int main() {
    // ==========================================
    // 1. BUILT-IN MAX AND MIN
    // ==========================================
    // max() and min() are available by default in C++ (no <cmath> needed)
    cout << "=== 1. MAX AND MIN ===" << endl;
    cout << "Highest value (5, 10) : " << max(5, 10) << endl; // Output: 10
    cout << "Lowest value (5, 10)  : " << min(5, 10) << endl; // Output: 5


    // ==========================================
    // 2. C++ <cmath> LIBRARY FUNCTIONS
    // ==========================================
    // The <cmath> library provides advanced mathematical operations
    cout << "\n=== 2. CMATH FUNCTIONS ===" << endl;

    // Square Root: sqrt(x)
    cout << "Square root of 64      : " << sqrt(64) << endl;  // Output: 8

    // Rounding: round(x) - Rounds to the nearest whole number
    cout << "Round 2.6              : " << round(2.6) << endl; // Output: 3
    cout << "Round 2.4              : " << round(2.4) << endl; // Output: 2

    // Natural Logarithm: log(x) - Base 'e' logarithm
    cout << "Natural log of 2       : " << log(2) << endl;    // Output: 0.693147


    // ==========================================
    // 3. OTHER COMMONLY USED CMATH FUNCTIONS
    // ==========================================
    cout << "\n=== 3. OTHER USEFUL MATH FUNCTIONS ===" << endl;

    // Power: pow(base, exponent) -> 2^3
    cout << "2 to the power of 3    : " << pow(2, 3) << endl; // Output: 8

    // Absolute Value: abs(x) -> Removes negative sign
    cout << "Absolute value of -10  : " << abs(-10) << endl;  // Output: 10

    // Ceiling: ceil(x) -> Always rounds UP
    cout << "Ceil of 1.2            : " << ceil(1.2) << endl;  // Output: 2

    // Floor: floor(x) -> Always rounds DOWN
    cout << "Floor of 1.8           : " << floor(1.8) << endl; // Output: 1

    return 0;
}