diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/error.graphml b/docs/2026-09-25/error.graphml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8af26c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/error.graphml @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + owl:Thing + + + + + + + + + + + xsd:string + + + + + + + + + + + + + rdfs:domain [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:cardinality "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ] + + + + + + + + + + + + + Prefixes + + + + + + + + + + + Folder 2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + error: +owl: +rdfs: +xsd: + + + + + + + + + + + http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error# +http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl# +http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# +http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# + + + + + + + + + + + + + error:hasError + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/error.html b/docs/2026-09-25/error.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ee2ea2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/error.html @@ -0,0 +1,615 @@ +LODE 2.0 - Semantic Artefact Viewer

The Error Ontology

http://purl.org/spar/error
bibliographic citation
Ciccarese, P., & Peroni, S. (2014). The Collections Ontology: creating and handling collections in OWL 2 DL frameworks. Semantic Web, 5(6), 515-529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-130121.
changes
+* **v1.0.1**: +Added new documentation, including annotation properties (e.g., `bibo:doi`, `schema:codeRepository`, etc.), term properties (e.g., `vann:example`, `vs:term_status`, etc.), exemplary competency questions with their respective SPARQL queries, and a Grafoo diagram. +
code repository
contributor
Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527)
created
2010-11-29
creator
Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305)
date
2026-09-25
description
+The **_Error Ontology_** is an unit test that allow to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. + +![The main architecture of the Error Ontology.](error.png) + +It works by means of a data property `error:hasError` that denies its usage for ant resource. +In fact, by defining its domain as "all those resource that do not have any `hasErrorDescription` assertion", a resource that asserts having an error makes the ontology inconsistent. + +## Examples of use + +In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use the Error Ontology. + +The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows: + + @prefix : <http://www.sparontologies.net/example/> . + @prefix error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> . + @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . + @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . + @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . + +### Flagging an erroneous resource + +A resource can be directly marked as erroneous by asserting a description of its error. +Since no resource can have any `error:hasError` assertion, a reasoner will classify it as a member of `owl:Nothing`, making the model inconsistent. + + :my-article a fabio:Article ; + error:hasError "The article has two different publication dates."^^xsd:string . + +### Defining a forbidden situation through a class axiom + +An incorrect situation can be modelled as a class whose members are automatically associated with an error description. +Any individual that falls in such a class makes the model inconsistent, and the error description explains why. + + :DraftAndPublishedDocument + owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; + owl:intersectionOf ( fabio:Manuscript fabio:JournalArticle ) ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue "A document cannot be a draft and published at the same time."^^xsd:string ] . + + :my-document a fabio:Manuscript , + fabio:JournalArticle . + +## Competency Questions + +The Error Ontology can be used to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. +In the following subsections, some competency questions are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries. + +The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows: + + PREFIX error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> + PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> + PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> + +### CQ1 + +Which resources are explicitly asserted to have an error, and what is the description of that error? + + SELECT ?resource ?description WHERE { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +### CQ2 + +Which classes describe a forbidden situation, and what is the error description associated with their members? + + SELECT ?class ?description WHERE { + ?class rdfs:subClassOf ?restriction . + ?restriction a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue ?description . + } + +### CQ3 + +Does the dataset contain at least one resource with an error? + + ASK { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +
doi
TBA
image
included in data catalog
is backward compatible with
issued
2010-11-29
keywords
error descriptions
errors
semantic publishing
license
logo
modified
2026-09-25
preferred namespace prefix
error
preferred namespace uri
http://purl.org/spar/error
prior version
publisher
source
status
title
The Error Ontology
version
version info
1.0.1
Other visualisation
WebVOWL Source
Export
Turtle RDF/XML JSON-LD N-Triples

Table of Contents

  1. Classes 1
  2. Data Properties 1
  3. Annotation Properties 29
  4. Namespace Declarations 33

Classes 1

Jump to:

thing

thing
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing

Data Properties 1

Jump to:

has error

has error
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError

comment
A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource. +
en
domain
has errordp
exactly 0
thingc
range
string
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/error/
label
has error
en
example
+ + :my-resource + error:hasError "This resource violates a constraint of the model."^^xsd:string . + +
note
+ A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error. +
en
term status

@prefix error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix reg: <http://purl.org/linked-data/registry#> .
+@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
+@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/> .
+@prefix vs: <http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+
+error:hasError a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
+    rdfs:label "has error"@en ;
+    vann:example """
+    :my-resource
+        error:hasError "This resource violates a constraint of the model."^^xsd:string .
+    """ ;
+    rdfs:comment "A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource."@en ;
+    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Restriction ;
+            owl:cardinality "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
+            owl:onProperty error:hasError ] ;
+    rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/spar/error/> ;
+    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
+    vs:term_status reg:statusStable ;
+    skos:note "A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error."@en .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+   xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
+   xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#"
+   xmlns:vann="http://purl.org/vocab/vann/"
+   xmlns:vs="http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty"/>
+    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource.</rdfs:comment>
+    <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://purl.org/spar/error/"/>
+    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/>
+    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has error</rdfs:label>
+    <rdfs:domain rdf:nodeID="n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1"/>
+    <vann:example>
+    :my-resource
+        error:hasError "This resource violates a constraint of the model."^^xsd:string .
+    </vann:example>
+    <skos:note xml:lang="en">A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error.</skos:note>
+    <vs:term_status rdf:resource="http://purl.org/linked-data/registry#statusStable"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction"/>
+    <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0</owl:cardinality>
+    <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty"
+    ],
+    "http://purl.org/vocab/vann/example": [
+      {
+        "@value": "\n    :my-resource\n        error:hasError \"This resource violates a constraint of the model.\"^^xsd:string .\n    "
+      }
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [
+      {
+        "@language": "en",
+        "@value": "A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource."
+      }
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain": [
+      {
+        "@id": "_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1"
+      }
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+      {
+        "@id": "http://purl.org/spar/error/"
+      }
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [
+      {
+        "@language": "en",
+        "@value": "has error"
+      }
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range": [
+      {
+        "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
+      }
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+      {
+        "@id": "http://purl.org/linked-data/registry#statusStable"
+      }
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note": [
+      {
+        "@language": "en",
+        "@value": "A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error."
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction"
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#cardinality": [
+      {
+        "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger",
+        "@value": "0"
+      }
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty": [
+      {
+        "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status> <http://purl.org/linked-data/registry#statusStable> .
+<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty> .
+<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/example> "\n    :my-resource\n        error:hasError \"This resource violates a constraint of the model.\"^^xsd:string .\n    " .
+<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource."@en .
+<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy> <http://purl.org/spar/error/> .
+<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range> <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
+_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction> .
+_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#cardinality> "0"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger> .
+_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty> <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> .
+<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note> "A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error."@en .
+<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "has error"@en .
+<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain> _:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1 .
+

Annotation Properties 29

Jump to:

bibliographic citation changes code repository comment contributor created creator date description doi example image included in data catalog issued keywords label license logo modified note preferred namespace prefix preferred namespace uri publisher rights source status term status title version info

bibliographic citation
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation

changes
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/changes

code repository
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/codeRepository

comment
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment 

@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+
+rdfs:comment a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
+

contributor
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor

created
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/created

creator
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator 

@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+
+dc:creator a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
+

date
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date 

@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+
+dc:date a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
+

description
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description 

@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+
+dc:description a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
+

doi
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/doi

example
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/example

image
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/image

included in data catalog
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/includedInDataCatalog

issued
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued

keywords
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/keywords

label
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label 

@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+
+rdfs:label a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
+

license
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/license

logo
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/logo

modified
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified

note
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note

preferred namespace prefix
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix

preferred namespace uri
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri

publisher
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher

rights
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights 

@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+
+dc:rights a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
+

source
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/source

status
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status

term status
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status

title
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title 

@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+
+dc:title a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
+

version info
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo 

@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+
+owl:versionInfo a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
+

Namespace Declarations back to ToC

bibo
http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/
brick
https://brickschema.org/schema/Brick#
csvw
http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw#
dc
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
dcam
http://purl.org/dc/dcam/
dcat
http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#
dcmitype
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/
dcterms
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
doap
http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#
error
http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#
foaf
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
geo
http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
odrl
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
org
http://www.w3.org/ns/org#
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
prof
http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/
prov
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
qb
http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
reg
http://purl.org/linked-data/registry#
schema
https://schema.org/
sh
http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#
skos
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
sosa
http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/
ssn
http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/
time
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#
vann
http://purl.org/vocab/vann/
void
http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
vs
http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#
wgs
https://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#
xml
http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/error.jsonld b/docs/2026-09-25/error.jsonld new file mode 100644 index 0000000..59aa140 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/error.jsonld @@ -0,0 +1,276 @@ +[ + { + "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty" + ] + }, + { + "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty" + ] + }, + { + "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty" + ] + }, + { + "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty" + ] + }, + { + "@id": "http://purl.org/spar/error", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology" + ], + "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor": [ + { + "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string", + "@value": "Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527)" + } + ], + "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator": [ + { + "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string", + "@value": "Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305)" + } + ], + "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date": [ + { + "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date", + "@value": "2026-09-25" + } + ], + "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description": [ + { + "@language": "en", + "@value": "\nThe **_Error Ontology_** is an unit test that allow to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens.\n\n![The main architecture of the Error Ontology.](error.png)\n\nIt works by means of a data property `error:hasError` that denies its usage for ant resource. \nIn fact, by defining its domain as \"all those resource that do not have any `hasErrorDescription` assertion\", a resource that asserts having an error makes the ontology inconsistent.\n\n## Examples of use\n\nIn the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use the Error Ontology. \n\nThe prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows:\n\n @prefix : .\n @prefix error: .\n @prefix owl: .\n @prefix rdfs: .\n @prefix xsd: .\n\n### Flagging an erroneous resource\n\nA resource can be directly marked as erroneous by asserting a description of its error. \nSince no resource can have any `error:hasError` assertion, a reasoner will classify it as a member of `owl:Nothing`, making the model inconsistent.\n\n :my-article a fabio:Article ;\n error:hasError \"The article has two different publication dates.\"^^xsd:string .\n\n### Defining a forbidden situation through a class axiom\n\nAn incorrect situation can be modelled as a class whose members are automatically associated with an error description. \nAny individual that falls in such a class makes the model inconsistent, and the error description explains why.\n\n :DraftAndPublishedDocument\n owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;\n owl:intersectionOf ( fabio:Manuscript fabio:JournalArticle ) ] ;\n rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;\n owl:onProperty error:hasError ;\n owl:hasValue \"A document cannot be a draft and published at the same time.\"^^xsd:string ] .\n\n :my-document a fabio:Manuscript , \n fabio:JournalArticle .\n\n## Competency Questions\n\nThe Error Ontology can be used to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens.\nIn the following subsections, some competency questions are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries.\n\nThe prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows:\n\n PREFIX error: \n PREFIX owl: \n PREFIX rdfs: \n\n### CQ1\n\nWhich resources are explicitly asserted to have an error, and what is the description of that error?\n\n SELECT ?resource ?description WHERE {\n ?resource error:hasError ?description .\n }\n\n### CQ2\n\nWhich classes describe a forbidden situation, and what is the error description associated with their members?\n\n SELECT ?class ?description WHERE {\n ?class rdfs:subClassOf ?restriction .\n ?restriction a owl:Restriction ;\n owl:onProperty error:hasError ;\n owl:hasValue ?description .\n }\n\n### CQ3\n\nDoes the dataset contain at least one resource with an error?\n\n ASK {\n ?resource error:hasError ?description .\n }\n\n" + } + ], + "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title": [ + { + "@language": "en", + "@value": "The Error Ontology" + } + ], + "http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation": [ + { + "@value": "Ciccarese, P., & Peroni, S. (2014). The Collections Ontology: creating and handling collections in OWL 2 DL frameworks. Semantic Web, 5(6), 515-529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-130121." + } + ], + "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [ + { + "@value": "2010-11-29" + } + ], + "http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued": [ + { + "@value": "2010-11-29" + } + ], + "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ + { + "@id": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" + } + ], + "http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified": [ + { + "@value": "2026-09-25" + } + ], + "http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher": [ + { + "@id": "https://ror.org/00wb4mk85" + } + ], + "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [ + { + "@id": "https://github.com/SPAROntologies/error/blob/master/docs/cq.md" + } + ], + "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/doi": [ + { + "@value": "TBA" + } + ], + "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status": [ + { + "@id": "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status/published" + } + ], + "http://purl.org/vocab/vann/changes": [ + { + "@language": "en", + "@value": "\n* **v1.0.1**: \nAdded new documentation, including annotation properties (e.g., `bibo:doi`, `schema:codeRepository`, etc.), term properties (e.g., `vann:example`, `vs:term_status`, etc.), exemplary competency questions with their respective SPARQL queries, and a Grafoo diagram.\n " + } + ], + "http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix": [ + { + "@language": "en", + "@value": "error" + } + ], + "http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri": [ + { + "@language": "en", + "@value": "http://purl.org/spar/error" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ + { + "@language": "en", + "@value": "Error Ontology" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#backwardCompatibleWith": [ + { + "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#2010-11-29" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#priorVersion": [ + { + "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#2010-11-29" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionIRI": [ + { + "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#2026-09-25" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo": [ + { + "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string", + "@value": "1.0.1" + } + ], + "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/logo": [ + { + "@id": "https://github.com/SPAROntologies/error/blob/master/spar.png" + } + ], + "https://schema.org/codeRepository": [ + { + "@id": "https://github.com/SPAROntologies/error" + } + ], + "https://schema.org/image": [ + { + "@id": "https://github.com/SPAROntologies/error/blob/master/docs/current/error.png" + } + ], + "https://schema.org/includedInDataCatalog": [ + { + "@id": "https://fairsharing.org/" + } + ], + "https://schema.org/keywords": [ + { + "@language": "en", + "@value": "errors" + }, + { + "@language": "en", + "@value": "error descriptions" + }, + { + "@language": "en", + "@value": "semantic publishing" + } + ] + }, + { + "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty" + ] + }, + { + "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty" + ] + }, + { + "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty" + ] + }, + { + "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty" + ] + }, + { + "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty" + ], + "http://purl.org/vocab/vann/example": [ + { + "@value": "\n :my-resource\n error:hasError \"This resource violates a constraint of the model.\"^^xsd:string .\n " + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [ + { + "@language": "en", + "@value": "A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource." + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain": [ + { + "@id": "_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [ + { + "@id": "http://purl.org/spar/error/" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ + { + "@language": "en", + "@value": "has error" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range": [ + { + "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [ + { + "@id": "http://purl.org/linked-data/registry#statusStable" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note": [ + { + "@language": "en", + "@value": "A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error." + } + ] + }, + { + "@id": "_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction" + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#cardinality": [ + { + "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger", + "@value": "0" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty": [ + { + "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError" + } + ] + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/error.nt b/docs/2026-09-25/error.nt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..790dac7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/error.nt @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + "Error Ontology"@en . + "The Error Ontology"@en . + . + "\n :my-resource\n error:hasError \"This resource violates a constraint of the model.\"^^xsd:string .\n " . + . + . + "error descriptions"@en . + "1.0.1"^^ . + . + "http://purl.org/spar/error"@en . + . + . + "A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error."@en . + "has error"@en . + "Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305)"^^ . + "2010-11-29" . + . + . + "TBA" . + "\n* **v1.0.1**: \nAdded new documentation, including annotation properties (e.g., `bibo:doi`, `schema:codeRepository`, etc.), term properties (e.g., `vann:example`, `vs:term_status`, etc.), exemplary competency questions with their respective SPARQL queries, and a Grafoo diagram.\n "@en . +_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1 . + . + . + . + . + . + . + "errors"@en . + _:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1 . + . + . + "A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource."@en . +_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1 . + . + "2010-11-29" . + "semantic publishing"@en . + "2026-09-25"^^ . +_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1 "0"^^ . + "2026-09-25" . + "Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527)"^^ . + . + . + "error"@en . + . + "\nThe **_Error Ontology_** is an unit test that allow to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens.\n\n![The main architecture of the Error Ontology.](error.png)\n\nIt works by means of a data property `error:hasError` that denies its usage for ant resource. \nIn fact, by defining its domain as \"all those resource that do not have any `hasErrorDescription` assertion\", a resource that asserts having an error makes the ontology inconsistent.\n\n## Examples of use\n\nIn the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use the Error Ontology. \n\nThe prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows:\n\n @prefix : .\n @prefix error: .\n @prefix owl: .\n @prefix rdfs: .\n @prefix xsd: .\n\n### Flagging an erroneous resource\n\nA resource can be directly marked as erroneous by asserting a description of its error. \nSince no resource can have any `error:hasError` assertion, a reasoner will classify it as a member of `owl:Nothing`, making the model inconsistent.\n\n :my-article a fabio:Article ;\n error:hasError \"The article has two different publication dates.\"^^xsd:string .\n\n### Defining a forbidden situation through a class axiom\n\nAn incorrect situation can be modelled as a class whose members are automatically associated with an error description. \nAny individual that falls in such a class makes the model inconsistent, and the error description explains why.\n\n :DraftAndPublishedDocument\n owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;\n owl:intersectionOf ( fabio:Manuscript fabio:JournalArticle ) ] ;\n rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;\n owl:onProperty error:hasError ;\n owl:hasValue \"A document cannot be a draft and published at the same time.\"^^xsd:string ] .\n\n :my-document a fabio:Manuscript , \n fabio:JournalArticle .\n\n## Competency Questions\n\nThe Error Ontology can be used to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens.\nIn the following subsections, some competency questions are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries.\n\nThe prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows:\n\n PREFIX error: \n PREFIX owl: \n PREFIX rdfs: \n\n### CQ1\n\nWhich resources are explicitly asserted to have an error, and what is the description of that error?\n\n SELECT ?resource ?description WHERE {\n ?resource error:hasError ?description .\n }\n\n### CQ2\n\nWhich classes describe a forbidden situation, and what is the error description associated with their members?\n\n SELECT ?class ?description WHERE {\n ?class rdfs:subClassOf ?restriction .\n ?restriction a owl:Restriction ;\n owl:onProperty error:hasError ;\n owl:hasValue ?description .\n }\n\n### CQ3\n\nDoes the dataset contain at least one resource with an error?\n\n ASK {\n ?resource error:hasError ?description .\n }\n\n"@en . + . + . + . + "Ciccarese, P., & Peroni, S. (2014). The Collections Ontology: creating and handling collections in OWL 2 DL frameworks. Semantic Web, 5(6), 515-529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-130121." . + . diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/error.png b/docs/2026-09-25/error.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a5399a Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/2026-09-25/error.png differ diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/error.ttl b/docs/2026-09-25/error.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fd1a8d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/error.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +@prefix bibo: . +@prefix dc: . +@prefix dcterms: . +@prefix error: . +@prefix foaf: . +@prefix owl: . +@prefix rdfs: . +@prefix reg: . +@prefix schema: . +@prefix skos: . +@prefix vann: . +@prefix vs: . +@prefix xsd: . + +dc:creator a owl:AnnotationProperty . + +dc:date a owl:AnnotationProperty . + +dc:description a owl:AnnotationProperty . + +dc:rights a owl:AnnotationProperty . + +dc:title a owl:AnnotationProperty . + + a owl:Ontology ; + rdfs:label "Error Ontology"@en ; + dc:contributor "Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527)"^^xsd:string ; + dc:creator "Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305)"^^xsd:string ; + dc:date "2026-09-25"^^xsd:date ; + dc:description """ +The **_Error Ontology_** is an unit test that allow to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. + +![The main architecture of the Error Ontology.](error.png) + +It works by means of a data property `error:hasError` that denies its usage for ant resource. +In fact, by defining its domain as "all those resource that do not have any `hasErrorDescription` assertion", a resource that asserts having an error makes the ontology inconsistent. + +## Examples of use + +In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use the Error Ontology. + +The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows: + + @prefix : . + @prefix error: . + @prefix owl: . + @prefix rdfs: . + @prefix xsd: . + +### Flagging an erroneous resource + +A resource can be directly marked as erroneous by asserting a description of its error. +Since no resource can have any `error:hasError` assertion, a reasoner will classify it as a member of `owl:Nothing`, making the model inconsistent. + + :my-article a fabio:Article ; + error:hasError "The article has two different publication dates."^^xsd:string . + +### Defining a forbidden situation through a class axiom + +An incorrect situation can be modelled as a class whose members are automatically associated with an error description. +Any individual that falls in such a class makes the model inconsistent, and the error description explains why. + + :DraftAndPublishedDocument + owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; + owl:intersectionOf ( fabio:Manuscript fabio:JournalArticle ) ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue "A document cannot be a draft and published at the same time."^^xsd:string ] . + + :my-document a fabio:Manuscript , + fabio:JournalArticle . + +## Competency Questions + +The Error Ontology can be used to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. +In the following subsections, some competency questions are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries. + +The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows: + + PREFIX error: + PREFIX owl: + PREFIX rdfs: + +### CQ1 + +Which resources are explicitly asserted to have an error, and what is the description of that error? + + SELECT ?resource ?description WHERE { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +### CQ2 + +Which classes describe a forbidden situation, and what is the error description associated with their members? + + SELECT ?class ?description WHERE { + ?class rdfs:subClassOf ?restriction . + ?restriction a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue ?description . + } + +### CQ3 + +Does the dataset contain at least one resource with an error? + + ASK { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +"""@en ; + dc:title "The Error Ontology"@en ; + dcterms:bibliographicCitation "Ciccarese, P., & Peroni, S. (2014). The Collections Ontology: creating and handling collections in OWL 2 DL frameworks. Semantic Web, 5(6), 515-529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-130121." ; + dcterms:created "2010-11-29" ; + dcterms:issued "2010-11-29" ; + dcterms:license ; + dcterms:modified "2026-09-25" ; + dcterms:publisher ; + dcterms:source ; + bibo:doi "TBA" ; + bibo:status ; + vann:changes """ +* **v1.0.1**: +Added new documentation, including annotation properties (e.g., `bibo:doi`, `schema:codeRepository`, etc.), term properties (e.g., `vann:example`, `vs:term_status`, etc.), exemplary competency questions with their respective SPARQL queries, and a Grafoo diagram. + """@en ; + vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "error"@en ; + vann:preferredNamespaceUri "http://purl.org/spar/error"@en ; + owl:backwardCompatibleWith error:2010-11-29 ; + owl:priorVersion error:2010-11-29 ; + owl:versionIRI error:2026-09-25 ; + owl:versionInfo "1.0.1"^^xsd:string ; + foaf:logo ; + schema:codeRepository ; + schema:image ; + schema:includedInDataCatalog ; + schema:keywords "error descriptions"@en, + "errors"@en, + "semantic publishing"@en . + +rdfs:comment a owl:AnnotationProperty . + +rdfs:label a owl:AnnotationProperty . + +owl:versionInfo a owl:AnnotationProperty . + +error:hasError a owl:DatatypeProperty ; + rdfs:label "has error"@en ; + vann:example """ + :my-resource + error:hasError "This resource violates a constraint of the model."^^xsd:string . + """ ; + rdfs:comment "A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource."@en ; + rdfs:domain [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:cardinality "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ] ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:range xsd:string ; + vs:term_status reg:statusStable ; + skos:note "A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class `owl:Nothing`, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error."@en . + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/error.xml b/docs/2026-09-25/error.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..11a8d0f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/error.xml @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ + + + + + Error Ontology + Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527) + Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305) + 2026-09-25 + +The **_Error Ontology_** is an unit test that allow to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. + +![The main architecture of the Error Ontology.](error.png) + +It works by means of a data property `error:hasError` that denies its usage for ant resource. +In fact, by defining its domain as "all those resource that do not have any `hasErrorDescription` assertion", a resource that asserts having an error makes the ontology inconsistent. + +## Examples of use + +In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use the Error Ontology. + +The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows: + + @prefix : <http://www.sparontologies.net/example/> . + @prefix error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> . + @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . + @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . + @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . + +### Flagging an erroneous resource + +A resource can be directly marked as erroneous by asserting a description of its error. +Since no resource can have any `error:hasError` assertion, a reasoner will classify it as a member of `owl:Nothing`, making the model inconsistent. + + :my-article a fabio:Article ; + error:hasError "The article has two different publication dates."^^xsd:string . + +### Defining a forbidden situation through a class axiom + +An incorrect situation can be modelled as a class whose members are automatically associated with an error description. +Any individual that falls in such a class makes the model inconsistent, and the error description explains why. + + :DraftAndPublishedDocument + owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; + owl:intersectionOf ( fabio:Manuscript fabio:JournalArticle ) ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue "A document cannot be a draft and published at the same time."^^xsd:string ] . + + :my-document a fabio:Manuscript , + fabio:JournalArticle . + +## Competency Questions + +The Error Ontology can be used to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. +In the following subsections, some competency questions are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries. + +The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows: + + PREFIX error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> + PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> + PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> + +### CQ1 + +Which resources are explicitly asserted to have an error, and what is the description of that error? + + SELECT ?resource ?description WHERE { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +### CQ2 + +Which classes describe a forbidden situation, and what is the error description associated with their members? + + SELECT ?class ?description WHERE { + ?class rdfs:subClassOf ?restriction . + ?restriction a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue ?description . + } + +### CQ3 + +Does the dataset contain at least one resource with an error? + + ASK { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + + + Ciccarese, P., & Peroni, S. (2014). The Collections Ontology: creating and handling collections in OWL 2 DL frameworks. Semantic Web, 5(6), 515-529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-130121. + The Error Ontology + 2010-11-29 + 2010-11-29 + + 2026-09-25 + + + TBA + + error + http://purl.org/spar/error + + + + + + + + errors + error descriptions + semantic publishing + +* **v1.0.1**: +Added new documentation, including annotation properties (e.g., `bibo:doi`, `schema:codeRepository`, etc.), term properties (e.g., `vann:example`, `vs:term_status`, etc.), exemplary competency questions with their respective SPARQL queries, and a Grafoo diagram. + + 1.0.1 + + + + + + + has error + A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error. + A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource. + + + + :my-resource + error:hasError "This resource violates a constraint of the model."^^xsd:string . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/creator.html b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/creator.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..87a080b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/creator.html @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ +LODE 2.0 - Semantic Artefact Viewer

creator

http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator

as defined in The Error Ontology

bibliographic citation
Ciccarese, P., & Peroni, S. (2014). The Collections Ontology: creating and handling collections in OWL 2 DL frameworks. Semantic Web, 5(6), 515-529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-130121.
changes
+* **v1.0.1**: +Added new documentation, including annotation properties (e.g., `bibo:doi`, `schema:codeRepository`, etc.), term properties (e.g., `vann:example`, `vs:term_status`, etc.), exemplary competency questions with their respective SPARQL queries, and a Grafoo diagram. +
code repository
contributor
Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527)
created
2010-11-29
creator
Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305)
date
2026-09-25
description
+The **_Error Ontology_** is an unit test that allow to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. + +![The main architecture of the Error Ontology.](error.png) + +It works by means of a data property `error:hasError` that denies its usage for ant resource. +In fact, by defining its domain as "all those resource that do not have any `hasErrorDescription` assertion", a resource that asserts having an error makes the ontology inconsistent. + +## Examples of use + +In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use the Error Ontology. + +The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows: + + @prefix : <http://www.sparontologies.net/example/> . + @prefix error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> . + @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . + @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . + @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . + +### Flagging an erroneous resource + +A resource can be directly marked as erroneous by asserting a description of its error. +Since no resource can have any `error:hasError` assertion, a reasoner will classify it as a member of `owl:Nothing`, making the model inconsistent. + + :my-article a fabio:Article ; + error:hasError "The article has two different publication dates."^^xsd:string . + +### Defining a forbidden situation through a class axiom + +An incorrect situation can be modelled as a class whose members are automatically associated with an error description. +Any individual that falls in such a class makes the model inconsistent, and the error description explains why. + + :DraftAndPublishedDocument + owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; + owl:intersectionOf ( fabio:Manuscript fabio:JournalArticle ) ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue "A document cannot be a draft and published at the same time."^^xsd:string ] . + + :my-document a fabio:Manuscript , + fabio:JournalArticle . + +## Competency Questions + +The Error Ontology can be used to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. +In the following subsections, some competency questions are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries. + +The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows: + + PREFIX error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> + PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> + PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> + +### CQ1 + +Which resources are explicitly asserted to have an error, and what is the description of that error? + + SELECT ?resource ?description WHERE { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +### CQ2 + +Which classes describe a forbidden situation, and what is the error description associated with their members? + + SELECT ?class ?description WHERE { + ?class rdfs:subClassOf ?restriction . + ?restriction a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue ?description . + } + +### CQ3 + +Does the dataset contain at least one resource with an error? + + ASK { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +
doi
TBA
image
included in data catalog
is backward compatible with
issued
2010-11-29
keywords
error descriptions
errors
semantic publishing
license
logo
modified
2026-09-25
preferred namespace prefix
error
preferred namespace uri
http://purl.org/spar/error
prior version
publisher
source
status
title
The Error Ontology
version
version info
1.0.1
Other visualisation
WebVOWL Source
Export
Turtle RDF/XML JSON-LD N-Triples

creator
ap

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator 

@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+
+dc:creator a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/creator.jsonld b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/creator.jsonld new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b280028 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/creator.jsonld @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +[ + { + "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty" + ] + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/creator.nt b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/creator.nt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9eb7465 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/creator.nt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + . diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/creator.rdf b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/creator.rdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0cfc8ef --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/creator.rdf @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + + + + + + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/creator.ttl b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/creator.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03793a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/creator.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +@prefix dc: . +@prefix owl: . + +dc:creator a owl:AnnotationProperty . + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/date.html b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/date.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7941cac --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/date.html @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ +LODE 2.0 - Semantic Artefact Viewer

date

http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date

as defined in The Error Ontology

bibliographic citation
Ciccarese, P., & Peroni, S. (2014). The Collections Ontology: creating and handling collections in OWL 2 DL frameworks. Semantic Web, 5(6), 515-529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-130121.
changes
+* **v1.0.1**: +Added new documentation, including annotation properties (e.g., `bibo:doi`, `schema:codeRepository`, etc.), term properties (e.g., `vann:example`, `vs:term_status`, etc.), exemplary competency questions with their respective SPARQL queries, and a Grafoo diagram. +
code repository
contributor
Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527)
created
2010-11-29
creator
Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305)
date
2026-09-25
description
+The **_Error Ontology_** is an unit test that allow to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. + +![The main architecture of the Error Ontology.](error.png) + +It works by means of a data property `error:hasError` that denies its usage for ant resource. +In fact, by defining its domain as "all those resource that do not have any `hasErrorDescription` assertion", a resource that asserts having an error makes the ontology inconsistent. + +## Examples of use + +In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use the Error Ontology. + +The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows: + + @prefix : <http://www.sparontologies.net/example/> . + @prefix error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> . + @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . + @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . + @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . + +### Flagging an erroneous resource + +A resource can be directly marked as erroneous by asserting a description of its error. +Since no resource can have any `error:hasError` assertion, a reasoner will classify it as a member of `owl:Nothing`, making the model inconsistent. + + :my-article a fabio:Article ; + error:hasError "The article has two different publication dates."^^xsd:string . + +### Defining a forbidden situation through a class axiom + +An incorrect situation can be modelled as a class whose members are automatically associated with an error description. +Any individual that falls in such a class makes the model inconsistent, and the error description explains why. + + :DraftAndPublishedDocument + owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; + owl:intersectionOf ( fabio:Manuscript fabio:JournalArticle ) ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue "A document cannot be a draft and published at the same time."^^xsd:string ] . + + :my-document a fabio:Manuscript , + fabio:JournalArticle . + +## Competency Questions + +The Error Ontology can be used to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. +In the following subsections, some competency questions are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries. + +The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows: + + PREFIX error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> + PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> + PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> + +### CQ1 + +Which resources are explicitly asserted to have an error, and what is the description of that error? + + SELECT ?resource ?description WHERE { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +### CQ2 + +Which classes describe a forbidden situation, and what is the error description associated with their members? + + SELECT ?class ?description WHERE { + ?class rdfs:subClassOf ?restriction . + ?restriction a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue ?description . + } + +### CQ3 + +Does the dataset contain at least one resource with an error? + + ASK { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +
doi
TBA
image
included in data catalog
is backward compatible with
issued
2010-11-29
keywords
error descriptions
errors
semantic publishing
license
logo
modified
2026-09-25
preferred namespace prefix
error
preferred namespace uri
http://purl.org/spar/error
prior version
publisher
source
status
title
The Error Ontology
version
version info
1.0.1
Other visualisation
WebVOWL Source
Export
Turtle RDF/XML JSON-LD N-Triples

date
ap

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date 

@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+
+dc:date a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/date.jsonld b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/date.jsonld new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9632bfa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/date.jsonld @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +[ + { + "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty" + ] + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/date.nt b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/date.nt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a0c863f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/date.nt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + . diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/date.rdf b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/date.rdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..734e092 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/date.rdf @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + + + + + + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/date.ttl b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/date.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f2bc22 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/date.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +@prefix dc: . +@prefix owl: . + +dc:date a owl:AnnotationProperty . + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/description.html b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/description.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..030f72c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/description.html @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ +LODE 2.0 - Semantic Artefact Viewer

description

http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description

as defined in The Error Ontology

bibliographic citation
Ciccarese, P., & Peroni, S. (2014). The Collections Ontology: creating and handling collections in OWL 2 DL frameworks. Semantic Web, 5(6), 515-529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-130121.
changes
+* **v1.0.1**: +Added new documentation, including annotation properties (e.g., `bibo:doi`, `schema:codeRepository`, etc.), term properties (e.g., `vann:example`, `vs:term_status`, etc.), exemplary competency questions with their respective SPARQL queries, and a Grafoo diagram. +
code repository
contributor
Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527)
created
2010-11-29
creator
Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305)
date
2026-09-25
description
+The **_Error Ontology_** is an unit test that allow to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. + +![The main architecture of the Error Ontology.](error.png) + +It works by means of a data property `error:hasError` that denies its usage for ant resource. +In fact, by defining its domain as "all those resource that do not have any `hasErrorDescription` assertion", a resource that asserts having an error makes the ontology inconsistent. + +## Examples of use + +In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use the Error Ontology. + +The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows: + + @prefix : <http://www.sparontologies.net/example/> . + @prefix error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> . + @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . + @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . + @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . + +### Flagging an erroneous resource + +A resource can be directly marked as erroneous by asserting a description of its error. +Since no resource can have any `error:hasError` assertion, a reasoner will classify it as a member of `owl:Nothing`, making the model inconsistent. + + :my-article a fabio:Article ; + error:hasError "The article has two different publication dates."^^xsd:string . + +### Defining a forbidden situation through a class axiom + +An incorrect situation can be modelled as a class whose members are automatically associated with an error description. +Any individual that falls in such a class makes the model inconsistent, and the error description explains why. + + :DraftAndPublishedDocument + owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; + owl:intersectionOf ( fabio:Manuscript fabio:JournalArticle ) ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue "A document cannot be a draft and published at the same time."^^xsd:string ] . + + :my-document a fabio:Manuscript , + fabio:JournalArticle . + +## Competency Questions + +The Error Ontology can be used to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. +In the following subsections, some competency questions are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries. + +The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows: + + PREFIX error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> + PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> + PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> + +### CQ1 + +Which resources are explicitly asserted to have an error, and what is the description of that error? + + SELECT ?resource ?description WHERE { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +### CQ2 + +Which classes describe a forbidden situation, and what is the error description associated with their members? + + SELECT ?class ?description WHERE { + ?class rdfs:subClassOf ?restriction . + ?restriction a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue ?description . + } + +### CQ3 + +Does the dataset contain at least one resource with an error? + + ASK { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +
doi
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2010-11-29
keywords
error descriptions
errors
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preferred namespace uri
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description
ap

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description 

@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+
+dc:description a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/description.jsonld b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/description.jsonld new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d5f2b33 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/description.jsonld @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +[ + { + "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty" + ] + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/description.nt b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/description.nt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6550dac --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/description.nt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + . diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/description.rdf b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/description.rdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..704a9e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/description.rdf @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + + + + + + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/description.ttl b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/description.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3f3d0d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/description.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +@prefix dc: . +@prefix owl: . + +dc:description a owl:AnnotationProperty . + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/rights.html b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/rights.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3ba2f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/rights.html @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ +LODE 2.0 - Semantic Artefact Viewer

rights

http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights

as defined in The Error Ontology

bibliographic citation
Ciccarese, P., & Peroni, S. (2014). The Collections Ontology: creating and handling collections in OWL 2 DL frameworks. Semantic Web, 5(6), 515-529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-130121.
changes
+* **v1.0.1**: +Added new documentation, including annotation properties (e.g., `bibo:doi`, `schema:codeRepository`, etc.), term properties (e.g., `vann:example`, `vs:term_status`, etc.), exemplary competency questions with their respective SPARQL queries, and a Grafoo diagram. +
code repository
contributor
Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527)
created
2010-11-29
creator
Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305)
date
2026-09-25
description
+The **_Error Ontology_** is an unit test that allow to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. + +![The main architecture of the Error Ontology.](error.png) + +It works by means of a data property `error:hasError` that denies its usage for ant resource. +In fact, by defining its domain as "all those resource that do not have any `hasErrorDescription` assertion", a resource that asserts having an error makes the ontology inconsistent. + +## Examples of use + +In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use the Error Ontology. + +The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows: + + @prefix : <http://www.sparontologies.net/example/> . + @prefix error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> . + @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . + @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . + @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . + +### Flagging an erroneous resource + +A resource can be directly marked as erroneous by asserting a description of its error. +Since no resource can have any `error:hasError` assertion, a reasoner will classify it as a member of `owl:Nothing`, making the model inconsistent. + + :my-article a fabio:Article ; + error:hasError "The article has two different publication dates."^^xsd:string . + +### Defining a forbidden situation through a class axiom + +An incorrect situation can be modelled as a class whose members are automatically associated with an error description. +Any individual that falls in such a class makes the model inconsistent, and the error description explains why. + + :DraftAndPublishedDocument + owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; + owl:intersectionOf ( fabio:Manuscript fabio:JournalArticle ) ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue "A document cannot be a draft and published at the same time."^^xsd:string ] . + + :my-document a fabio:Manuscript , + fabio:JournalArticle . + +## Competency Questions + +The Error Ontology can be used to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. +In the following subsections, some competency questions are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries. + +The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows: + + PREFIX error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> + PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> + PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> + +### CQ1 + +Which resources are explicitly asserted to have an error, and what is the description of that error? + + SELECT ?resource ?description WHERE { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +### CQ2 + +Which classes describe a forbidden situation, and what is the error description associated with their members? + + SELECT ?class ?description WHERE { + ?class rdfs:subClassOf ?restriction . + ?restriction a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue ?description . + } + +### CQ3 + +Does the dataset contain at least one resource with an error? + + ASK { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +
doi
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included in data catalog
is backward compatible with
issued
2010-11-29
keywords
error descriptions
errors
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modified
2026-09-25
preferred namespace prefix
error
preferred namespace uri
http://purl.org/spar/error
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The Error Ontology
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rights
ap

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights 

@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+
+dc:rights a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/rights.jsonld b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/rights.jsonld new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce36d95 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/rights.jsonld @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +[ + { + "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty" + ] + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/rights.nt b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/rights.nt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84ee758 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/rights.nt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + . diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/rights.rdf b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/rights.rdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a374906 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/rights.rdf @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + + + + + + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/rights.ttl b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/rights.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..646942f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/rights.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +@prefix dc: . +@prefix owl: . + +dc:rights a owl:AnnotationProperty . + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/title.html b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/title.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1877432 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/title.html @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ +LODE 2.0 - Semantic Artefact Viewer

title

http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title

as defined in The Error Ontology

bibliographic citation
Ciccarese, P., & Peroni, S. (2014). The Collections Ontology: creating and handling collections in OWL 2 DL frameworks. Semantic Web, 5(6), 515-529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-130121.
changes
+* **v1.0.1**: +Added new documentation, including annotation properties (e.g., `bibo:doi`, `schema:codeRepository`, etc.), term properties (e.g., `vann:example`, `vs:term_status`, etc.), exemplary competency questions with their respective SPARQL queries, and a Grafoo diagram. +
code repository
contributor
Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527)
created
2010-11-29
creator
Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305)
date
2026-09-25
description
+The **_Error Ontology_** is an unit test that allow to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. + +![The main architecture of the Error Ontology.](error.png) + +It works by means of a data property `error:hasError` that denies its usage for ant resource. +In fact, by defining its domain as "all those resource that do not have any `hasErrorDescription` assertion", a resource that asserts having an error makes the ontology inconsistent. + +## Examples of use + +In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use the Error Ontology. + +The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows: + + @prefix : <http://www.sparontologies.net/example/> . + @prefix error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> . + @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . + @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . + @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . + +### Flagging an erroneous resource + +A resource can be directly marked as erroneous by asserting a description of its error. +Since no resource can have any `error:hasError` assertion, a reasoner will classify it as a member of `owl:Nothing`, making the model inconsistent. + + :my-article a fabio:Article ; + error:hasError "The article has two different publication dates."^^xsd:string . + +### Defining a forbidden situation through a class axiom + +An incorrect situation can be modelled as a class whose members are automatically associated with an error description. +Any individual that falls in such a class makes the model inconsistent, and the error description explains why. + + :DraftAndPublishedDocument + owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; + owl:intersectionOf ( fabio:Manuscript fabio:JournalArticle ) ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue "A document cannot be a draft and published at the same time."^^xsd:string ] . + + :my-document a fabio:Manuscript , + fabio:JournalArticle . + +## Competency Questions + +The Error Ontology can be used to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. +In the following subsections, some competency questions are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries. + +The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows: + + PREFIX error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> + PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> + PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> + +### CQ1 + +Which resources are explicitly asserted to have an error, and what is the description of that error? + + SELECT ?resource ?description WHERE { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +### CQ2 + +Which classes describe a forbidden situation, and what is the error description associated with their members? + + SELECT ?class ?description WHERE { + ?class rdfs:subClassOf ?restriction . + ?restriction a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue ?description . + } + +### CQ3 + +Does the dataset contain at least one resource with an error? + + ASK { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +
doi
TBA
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included in data catalog
is backward compatible with
issued
2010-11-29
keywords
error descriptions
errors
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modified
2026-09-25
preferred namespace prefix
error
preferred namespace uri
http://purl.org/spar/error
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The Error Ontology
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title
ap

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title 

@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+
+dc:title a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/title.jsonld b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/title.jsonld new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b57b4c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/title.jsonld @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +[ + { + "@id": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty" + ] + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/title.nt b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/title.nt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..448e56c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/title.nt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + . diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/title.rdf b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/title.rdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe87e3a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/title.rdf @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + + + + + + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/title.ttl b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/title.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..158290e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/dc/title.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +@prefix dc: . +@prefix owl: . + +dc:title a owl:AnnotationProperty . + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/error/hasError.html b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/error/hasError.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ece3e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/error/hasError.html @@ -0,0 +1,399 @@ +LODE 2.0 - Semantic Artefact Viewer

has error

http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError

as defined in The Error Ontology

bibliographic citation
Ciccarese, P., & Peroni, S. (2014). The Collections Ontology: creating and handling collections in OWL 2 DL frameworks. Semantic Web, 5(6), 515-529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-130121.
changes
+* **v1.0.1**: +Added new documentation, including annotation properties (e.g., `bibo:doi`, `schema:codeRepository`, etc.), term properties (e.g., `vann:example`, `vs:term_status`, etc.), exemplary competency questions with their respective SPARQL queries, and a Grafoo diagram. +
code repository
contributor
Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527)
created
2010-11-29
creator
Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305)
date
2026-09-25
description
+The **_Error Ontology_** is an unit test that allow to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. + +![The main architecture of the Error Ontology.](error.png) + +It works by means of a data property `error:hasError` that denies its usage for ant resource. +In fact, by defining its domain as "all those resource that do not have any `hasErrorDescription` assertion", a resource that asserts having an error makes the ontology inconsistent. + +## Examples of use + +In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use the Error Ontology. + +The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows: + + @prefix : <http://www.sparontologies.net/example/> . + @prefix error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> . + @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . + @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . + @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . + +### Flagging an erroneous resource + +A resource can be directly marked as erroneous by asserting a description of its error. +Since no resource can have any `error:hasError` assertion, a reasoner will classify it as a member of `owl:Nothing`, making the model inconsistent. + + :my-article a fabio:Article ; + error:hasError "The article has two different publication dates."^^xsd:string . + +### Defining a forbidden situation through a class axiom + +An incorrect situation can be modelled as a class whose members are automatically associated with an error description. +Any individual that falls in such a class makes the model inconsistent, and the error description explains why. + + :DraftAndPublishedDocument + owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; + owl:intersectionOf ( fabio:Manuscript fabio:JournalArticle ) ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue "A document cannot be a draft and published at the same time."^^xsd:string ] . + + :my-document a fabio:Manuscript , + fabio:JournalArticle . + +## Competency Questions + +The Error Ontology can be used to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. +In the following subsections, some competency questions are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries. + +The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows: + + PREFIX error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> + PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> + PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> + +### CQ1 + +Which resources are explicitly asserted to have an error, and what is the description of that error? + + SELECT ?resource ?description WHERE { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +### CQ2 + +Which classes describe a forbidden situation, and what is the error description associated with their members? + + SELECT ?class ?description WHERE { + ?class rdfs:subClassOf ?restriction . + ?restriction a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue ?description . + } + +### CQ3 + +Does the dataset contain at least one resource with an error? + + ASK { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +
doi
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is backward compatible with
issued
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error descriptions
errors
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2026-09-25
preferred namespace prefix
error
preferred namespace uri
http://purl.org/spar/error
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The Error Ontology
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has error
dp

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError

comment
A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource. +
en
domain
has errordp
exactly 0
thingc
range
string
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/error/
label
has error
en
example
+ + :my-resource + error:hasError "This resource violates a constraint of the model."^^xsd:string . + +
note
+ A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error. +
en
term status

@prefix error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> .
+@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+@prefix reg: <http://purl.org/linked-data/registry#> .
+@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
+@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/> .
+@prefix vs: <http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#> .
+@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
+
+error:hasError a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
+    rdfs:label "has error"@en ;
+    vann:example """
+    :my-resource
+        error:hasError "This resource violates a constraint of the model."^^xsd:string .
+    """ ;
+    rdfs:comment "A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource."@en ;
+    rdfs:domain [ a owl:Restriction ;
+            owl:cardinality "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
+            owl:onProperty error:hasError ] ;
+    rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/spar/error/> ;
+    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
+    vs:term_status reg:statusStable ;
+    skos:note "A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error."@en .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+   xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
+   xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#"
+   xmlns:vann="http://purl.org/vocab/vann/"
+   xmlns:vs="http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty"/>
+    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource.</rdfs:comment>
+    <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://purl.org/spar/error/"/>
+    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/>
+    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">has error</rdfs:label>
+    <rdfs:domain rdf:nodeID="n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1"/>
+    <vann:example>
+    :my-resource
+        error:hasError "This resource violates a constraint of the model."^^xsd:string .
+    </vann:example>
+    <skos:note xml:lang="en">A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error.</skos:note>
+    <vs:term_status rdf:resource="http://purl.org/linked-data/registry#statusStable"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction"/>
+    <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">0</owl:cardinality>
+    <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty"
+    ],
+    "http://purl.org/vocab/vann/example": [
+      {
+        "@value": "\n    :my-resource\n        error:hasError \"This resource violates a constraint of the model.\"^^xsd:string .\n    "
+      }
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [
+      {
+        "@language": "en",
+        "@value": "A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource."
+      }
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain": [
+      {
+        "@id": "_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1"
+      }
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+      {
+        "@id": "http://purl.org/spar/error/"
+      }
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [
+      {
+        "@language": "en",
+        "@value": "has error"
+      }
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range": [
+      {
+        "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
+      }
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+      {
+        "@id": "http://purl.org/linked-data/registry#statusStable"
+      }
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note": [
+      {
+        "@language": "en",
+        "@value": "A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error."
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction"
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#cardinality": [
+      {
+        "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger",
+        "@value": "0"
+      }
+    ],
+    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty": [
+      {
+        "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status> <http://purl.org/linked-data/registry#statusStable> .
+<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty> .
+<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/example> "\n    :my-resource\n        error:hasError \"This resource violates a constraint of the model.\"^^xsd:string .\n    " .
+<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource."@en .
+<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy> <http://purl.org/spar/error/> .
+<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range> <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
+_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction> .
+_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#cardinality> "0"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger> .
+_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty> <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> .
+<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note> "A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error."@en .
+<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "has error"@en .
+<http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain> _:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1 .
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/error/hasError.jsonld b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/error/hasError.jsonld new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a3a614 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/error/hasError.jsonld @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +[ + { + "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty" + ], + "http://purl.org/vocab/vann/example": [ + { + "@value": "\n :my-resource\n error:hasError \"This resource violates a constraint of the model.\"^^xsd:string .\n " + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [ + { + "@language": "en", + "@value": "A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource." + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain": [ + { + "@id": "_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [ + { + "@id": "http://purl.org/spar/error/" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ + { + "@language": "en", + "@value": "has error" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range": [ + { + "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [ + { + "@id": "http://purl.org/linked-data/registry#statusStable" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note": [ + { + "@language": "en", + "@value": "A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error." + } + ] + }, + { + "@id": "_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction" + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#cardinality": [ + { + "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger", + "@value": "0" + } + ], + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty": [ + { + "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#hasError" + } + ] + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/error/hasError.nt b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/error/hasError.nt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec853ca --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/error/hasError.nt @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + . + . + "\n :my-resource\n error:hasError \"This resource violates a constraint of the model.\"^^xsd:string .\n " . + "A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource."@en . + . + _:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1 . + . +_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1 . +_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1 . + "A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error."@en . + "has error"@en . +_:n35f6366f7455428da85a75c459d5ca60b1 "0"^^ . diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/error/hasError.rdf b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/error/hasError.rdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af432d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/error/hasError.rdf @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ + + + + + + + :my-resource + error:hasError "This resource violates a constraint of the model."^^xsd:string . + + A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource. + + + A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error. + has error + + + + + 0 + + + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/error/hasError.ttl b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/error/hasError.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f13a521 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/error/hasError.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +@prefix error: . +@prefix owl: . +@prefix rdfs: . +@prefix reg: . +@prefix skos: . +@prefix vann: . +@prefix vs: . +@prefix xsd: . + +error:hasError a owl:DatatypeProperty ; + rdfs:label "has error"@en ; + vann:example """ + :my-resource + error:hasError "This resource violates a constraint of the model."^^xsd:string . + """ ; + rdfs:comment "A description, usually in natural language, of which kind of error results from a resource."@en ; + rdfs:domain [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:cardinality "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ] ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:range xsd:string ; + vs:term_status reg:statusStable ; + skos:note "A data property linking a resource that contains a logical error (which results in it belonging to the class owl:Nothing, therefore making the model inconsistent) to a textual description of that error."@en . + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/owl/versionInfo.html b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/owl/versionInfo.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..427c020 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/owl/versionInfo.html @@ -0,0 +1,270 @@ +LODE 2.0 - Semantic Artefact Viewer

version info

http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo

as defined in The Error Ontology

bibliographic citation
Ciccarese, P., & Peroni, S. (2014). The Collections Ontology: creating and handling collections in OWL 2 DL frameworks. Semantic Web, 5(6), 515-529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-130121.
changes
+* **v1.0.1**: +Added new documentation, including annotation properties (e.g., `bibo:doi`, `schema:codeRepository`, etc.), term properties (e.g., `vann:example`, `vs:term_status`, etc.), exemplary competency questions with their respective SPARQL queries, and a Grafoo diagram. +
code repository
contributor
Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527)
created
2010-11-29
creator
Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305)
date
2026-09-25
description
+The **_Error Ontology_** is an unit test that allow to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. + +![The main architecture of the Error Ontology.](error.png) + +It works by means of a data property `error:hasError` that denies its usage for ant resource. +In fact, by defining its domain as "all those resource that do not have any `hasErrorDescription` assertion", a resource that asserts having an error makes the ontology inconsistent. + +## Examples of use + +In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use the Error Ontology. + +The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows: + + @prefix : <http://www.sparontologies.net/example/> . + @prefix error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> . + @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . + @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . + @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . + +### Flagging an erroneous resource + +A resource can be directly marked as erroneous by asserting a description of its error. +Since no resource can have any `error:hasError` assertion, a reasoner will classify it as a member of `owl:Nothing`, making the model inconsistent. + + :my-article a fabio:Article ; + error:hasError "The article has two different publication dates."^^xsd:string . + +### Defining a forbidden situation through a class axiom + +An incorrect situation can be modelled as a class whose members are automatically associated with an error description. +Any individual that falls in such a class makes the model inconsistent, and the error description explains why. + + :DraftAndPublishedDocument + owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; + owl:intersectionOf ( fabio:Manuscript fabio:JournalArticle ) ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue "A document cannot be a draft and published at the same time."^^xsd:string ] . + + :my-document a fabio:Manuscript , + fabio:JournalArticle . + +## Competency Questions + +The Error Ontology can be used to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. +In the following subsections, some competency questions are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries. + +The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows: + + PREFIX error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> + PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> + PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> + +### CQ1 + +Which resources are explicitly asserted to have an error, and what is the description of that error? + + SELECT ?resource ?description WHERE { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +### CQ2 + +Which classes describe a forbidden situation, and what is the error description associated with their members? + + SELECT ?class ?description WHERE { + ?class rdfs:subClassOf ?restriction . + ?restriction a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue ?description . + } + +### CQ3 + +Does the dataset contain at least one resource with an error? + + ASK { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +
doi
TBA
image
included in data catalog
is backward compatible with
issued
2010-11-29
keywords
error descriptions
errors
semantic publishing
license
logo
modified
2026-09-25
preferred namespace prefix
error
preferred namespace uri
http://purl.org/spar/error
prior version
publisher
source
status
title
The Error Ontology
version
version info
1.0.1
Other visualisation
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Export
Turtle RDF/XML JSON-LD N-Triples

version info
ap

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo 

@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+
+owl:versionInfo a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/owl/versionInfo.jsonld b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/owl/versionInfo.jsonld new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc41b97 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/owl/versionInfo.jsonld @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +[ + { + "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty" + ] + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/owl/versionInfo.nt b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/owl/versionInfo.nt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79defb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/owl/versionInfo.nt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + . diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/owl/versionInfo.rdf b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/owl/versionInfo.rdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de8df0a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/owl/versionInfo.rdf @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + + + + + + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/owl/versionInfo.ttl b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/owl/versionInfo.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33c572f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/owl/versionInfo.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +@prefix owl: . + +owl:versionInfo a owl:AnnotationProperty . + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/comment.html b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/comment.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a509d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/comment.html @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ +LODE 2.0 - Semantic Artefact Viewer

comment

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment

as defined in The Error Ontology

bibliographic citation
Ciccarese, P., & Peroni, S. (2014). The Collections Ontology: creating and handling collections in OWL 2 DL frameworks. Semantic Web, 5(6), 515-529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-130121.
changes
+* **v1.0.1**: +Added new documentation, including annotation properties (e.g., `bibo:doi`, `schema:codeRepository`, etc.), term properties (e.g., `vann:example`, `vs:term_status`, etc.), exemplary competency questions with their respective SPARQL queries, and a Grafoo diagram. +
code repository
contributor
Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527)
created
2010-11-29
creator
Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305)
date
2026-09-25
description
+The **_Error Ontology_** is an unit test that allow to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. + +![The main architecture of the Error Ontology.](error.png) + +It works by means of a data property `error:hasError` that denies its usage for ant resource. +In fact, by defining its domain as "all those resource that do not have any `hasErrorDescription` assertion", a resource that asserts having an error makes the ontology inconsistent. + +## Examples of use + +In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use the Error Ontology. + +The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows: + + @prefix : <http://www.sparontologies.net/example/> . + @prefix error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> . + @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . + @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . + @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . + +### Flagging an erroneous resource + +A resource can be directly marked as erroneous by asserting a description of its error. +Since no resource can have any `error:hasError` assertion, a reasoner will classify it as a member of `owl:Nothing`, making the model inconsistent. + + :my-article a fabio:Article ; + error:hasError "The article has two different publication dates."^^xsd:string . + +### Defining a forbidden situation through a class axiom + +An incorrect situation can be modelled as a class whose members are automatically associated with an error description. +Any individual that falls in such a class makes the model inconsistent, and the error description explains why. + + :DraftAndPublishedDocument + owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; + owl:intersectionOf ( fabio:Manuscript fabio:JournalArticle ) ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue "A document cannot be a draft and published at the same time."^^xsd:string ] . + + :my-document a fabio:Manuscript , + fabio:JournalArticle . + +## Competency Questions + +The Error Ontology can be used to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. +In the following subsections, some competency questions are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries. + +The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows: + + PREFIX error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> + PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> + PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> + +### CQ1 + +Which resources are explicitly asserted to have an error, and what is the description of that error? + + SELECT ?resource ?description WHERE { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +### CQ2 + +Which classes describe a forbidden situation, and what is the error description associated with their members? + + SELECT ?class ?description WHERE { + ?class rdfs:subClassOf ?restriction . + ?restriction a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue ?description . + } + +### CQ3 + +Does the dataset contain at least one resource with an error? + + ASK { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +
doi
TBA
image
included in data catalog
is backward compatible with
issued
2010-11-29
keywords
error descriptions
errors
semantic publishing
license
logo
modified
2026-09-25
preferred namespace prefix
error
preferred namespace uri
http://purl.org/spar/error
prior version
publisher
source
status
title
The Error Ontology
version
version info
1.0.1
Other visualisation
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Export
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comment
ap

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment 

@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+
+rdfs:comment a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/comment.jsonld b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/comment.jsonld new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ceca72 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/comment.jsonld @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +[ + { + "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty" + ] + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/comment.nt b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/comment.nt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f0a7390 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/comment.nt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + . diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/comment.rdf b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/comment.rdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f52512c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/comment.rdf @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + + + + + + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/comment.ttl b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/comment.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dcc745d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/comment.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +@prefix owl: . +@prefix rdfs: . + +rdfs:comment a owl:AnnotationProperty . + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/label.html b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/label.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e73ad1a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/label.html @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ +LODE 2.0 - Semantic Artefact Viewer

label

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label

as defined in The Error Ontology

bibliographic citation
Ciccarese, P., & Peroni, S. (2014). The Collections Ontology: creating and handling collections in OWL 2 DL frameworks. Semantic Web, 5(6), 515-529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-130121.
changes
+* **v1.0.1**: +Added new documentation, including annotation properties (e.g., `bibo:doi`, `schema:codeRepository`, etc.), term properties (e.g., `vann:example`, `vs:term_status`, etc.), exemplary competency questions with their respective SPARQL queries, and a Grafoo diagram. +
code repository
contributor
Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527)
created
2010-11-29
creator
Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305)
date
2026-09-25
description
+The **_Error Ontology_** is an unit test that allow to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. + +![The main architecture of the Error Ontology.](error.png) + +It works by means of a data property `error:hasError` that denies its usage for ant resource. +In fact, by defining its domain as "all those resource that do not have any `hasErrorDescription` assertion", a resource that asserts having an error makes the ontology inconsistent. + +## Examples of use + +In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use the Error Ontology. + +The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows: + + @prefix : <http://www.sparontologies.net/example/> . + @prefix error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> . + @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . + @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . + @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . + +### Flagging an erroneous resource + +A resource can be directly marked as erroneous by asserting a description of its error. +Since no resource can have any `error:hasError` assertion, a reasoner will classify it as a member of `owl:Nothing`, making the model inconsistent. + + :my-article a fabio:Article ; + error:hasError "The article has two different publication dates."^^xsd:string . + +### Defining a forbidden situation through a class axiom + +An incorrect situation can be modelled as a class whose members are automatically associated with an error description. +Any individual that falls in such a class makes the model inconsistent, and the error description explains why. + + :DraftAndPublishedDocument + owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; + owl:intersectionOf ( fabio:Manuscript fabio:JournalArticle ) ] ; + rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue "A document cannot be a draft and published at the same time."^^xsd:string ] . + + :my-document a fabio:Manuscript , + fabio:JournalArticle . + +## Competency Questions + +The Error Ontology can be used to produce an inconsistent model if a particular (and incorrect) situation happens. +In the following subsections, some competency questions are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries. + +The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows: + + PREFIX error: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2009/10/error#> + PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> + PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> + +### CQ1 + +Which resources are explicitly asserted to have an error, and what is the description of that error? + + SELECT ?resource ?description WHERE { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +### CQ2 + +Which classes describe a forbidden situation, and what is the error description associated with their members? + + SELECT ?class ?description WHERE { + ?class rdfs:subClassOf ?restriction . + ?restriction a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty error:hasError ; + owl:hasValue ?description . + } + +### CQ3 + +Does the dataset contain at least one resource with an error? + + ASK { + ?resource error:hasError ?description . + } + +
doi
TBA
image
included in data catalog
is backward compatible with
issued
2010-11-29
keywords
error descriptions
errors
semantic publishing
license
logo
modified
2026-09-25
preferred namespace prefix
error
preferred namespace uri
http://purl.org/spar/error
prior version
publisher
source
status
title
The Error Ontology
version
version info
1.0.1
Other visualisation
WebVOWL Source
Export
Turtle RDF/XML JSON-LD N-Triples

label
ap

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label 

@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
+@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
+
+rdfs:label a owl:AnnotationProperty .
+
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<rdf:RDF
+   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label">
+    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"/>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>
+
[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
+    "@type": [
+      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty"
+    ]
+  }
+]
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty> .
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/label.jsonld b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/label.jsonld new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2664fdd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/label.jsonld @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +[ + { + "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label", + "@type": [ + "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AnnotationProperty" + ] + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/label.nt b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/label.nt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e259aca --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/label.nt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + . diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/label.rdf b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/label.rdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e041061 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/label.rdf @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + + + + + + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/label.ttl b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/label.ttl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2a47bb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/resources/rdfs/label.ttl @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +@prefix owl: . +@prefix rdfs: . + +rdfs:label a owl:AnnotationProperty . + diff --git a/docs/2026-09-25/static/style.css b/docs/2026-09-25/static/style.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3cc988b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2026-09-25/static/style.css @@ -0,0 +1,901 @@ +/* ========================================================================== + LODE - style.css + Aligned with W3C TR 2021 base.css + https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2021/base.css + +/* ========================================================================== + 0. DESIGN TOKENS + Colors definition. + ========================================================================== */ + +:root { + /* --- Primary Blue --- */ + --lode-blue: #034575; + --lode-blue-dark: #023154; + --lode-blue-tint: #e7eef7; + --lode-blue-pale: #f5f9fc; + --lode-blue-hairline: #d9e1ec; + + /* Heading */ + --lode-heading: var(--lode-blue); + + /* --- Link --- */ + --lode-link: #00C; + --lode-link-underline: #00C; + + /* --- Other neutrals --- */ + --lode-text: #000; + --lode-bg: #fff; + --lode-muted: #6c757d; + --lode-border: #ccc; + --lode-border-dashed: #b0bfcf; + --lode-surface: #f5f5f5; + --lode-surface-alt: #f9f9f9; + --lode-surface-block: #f2f3f4; + --lode-hairline: silver; + + /* --- Accent --- */ + --lode-yellow: #f5d815; + --lode-alert: #c00; + + /* --- Entity type colors (legacy LODE) --- */ + --lode-type-concept: orange; + --lode-type-relation: var(--lode-blue); + --lode-type-annotation: maroon; + --lode-type-individual: brown; + --lode-type-attribute: green; + --lode-type-language: slateblue; + --lode-type-logic: purple; + + /* --- Sidebar metrics --- */ + --toc-sidebar-w: 18rem; + --toc-sidebar-collapsed-w: 3.5rem; +} + + +/* ========================================================================== + 1. BASE TYPOGRAPHY + ========================================================================== */ + +body { + font-optical-sizing: auto; + font-weight: 400; + font-style: normal; + font-size: 1rem; + line-height: 1.5; + font-family: sans-serif; + color: var(--lode-text); + background-color: var(--lode-bg); +} + +/* --- Headings --- */ +h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { + text-align: left; + line-height: 1.2; +} + +h1, h2, h3 { color: var(--lode-heading); } + +h1 { font-size: 170%; } +h2 { font-size: 140%; } +h3 { font-size: 120%; } +h4 { font-weight: bold; } +h5 { font-style: italic; } + +h1.display-5 { + font-size: 170%; + border-bottom: 2px solid var(--lode-heading); + padding-bottom: 10px; +} + +/* --- Code: stack monospace --- */ +pre { + background-color: var(--lode-surface); + border: 1px dashed var(--lode-border-dashed); + padding: 0.75rem 1rem; + color: var(--lode-text); + font-family: Menlo, Consolas, "DejaVu Sans Mono", Monaco, monospace; + overflow-x: auto; + font-size: .9em; +} + +code, samp { + font-family: Menlo, Consolas, "DejaVu Sans Mono", Monaco, monospace; + font-size: .9em; + color: var(--lode-text); +} + +pre code { + background: none; + border: none; + padding: 0; + font-size: 100%; +} + +p { padding-bottom: 0.5rem; } + +/* --- Definition lists --- */ +dt { font-weight: bold; } +dd { margin: 0 0 .5em 2em; } + +/* --- Anchor offset per il salto ai frammenti --- */ +.anchor-offset { scroll-margin-top: 60px; } + +.section-header { + margin-top: 3rem; + margin-bottom: 1rem; + padding-bottom: 0.5rem; +} + + +/* ========================================================================== + 2. BOOTSTRAP FLATTENING + as W3C TR does not include border radius nor shadows + ========================================================================== */ + +.card, .btn, .alert, .form-control, .badge, .rounded, .rounded-pill { + border-radius: 0 !important; + box-shadow: none !important; +} + + +/* ========================================================================== + 3. ENTITY CARDS + ========================================================================== */ + +.card { + border: 1px solid var(--lode-blue-dark) !important; + margin-bottom: 20px; + background-color: var(--lode-bg); +} + +.card-header { + background-color: transparent !important; + border-bottom: 1px solid var(--lode-blue-dark) !important; + padding: 5px 8px !important; + margin: 0 2px !important; +} + +.card-header h4 { + font-size: 1.2rem; + display: inline-block; + margin-right: 10px; +} + +.card-body .row { margin: 0; } + +/* Risorse non ulteriormente classificate */ +.external-ref { + text-decoration: underline dotted; + text-decoration-thickness: 1px; + text-underline-offset: 2px; + cursor: help; + color: inherit; +} + +/* Entita definite nell'ontologia vs importate da vocabolari esterni */ +.entity-internal { color: var(--lode-blue); } +.entity-external { color: var(--lode-muted); } +.entity-external .bi { font-size: .75em; opacity: .7; } + + +/* ========================================================================== + 4. ENTITY TYPE COLOR CODING + ========================================================================== */ + +.badge { + background-color: transparent !important; + font-weight: normal; + font-size: 0.9em; + border: none !important; + padding: 0; +} + +.badge-type { font-size: 0.85em; } + +/* Concept */ +.c, +.text-info-emphasis { color: var(--lode-type-concept) !important; font-size: 0.8em; } + +/* Relation */ +.op { color: var(--lode-type-relation) !important; font-size: 0.8em !important; } + +/* Annotation */ +.an { color: var(--lode-type-annotation) !important; font-size: 0.8em !important; } + +/* Individual */ +.ni { color: var(--lode-type-individual) !important; font-size: 0.8em !important; } + +/* Attribute */ +.dp { color: var(--lode-type-attribute) !important; font-size: 0.8em !important; } + +/* Language tag */ +.lan { color: var(--lode-type-language) !important; font-size: 0.8em !important; } + + +/* ========================================================================== + 5. DEFINITION BLOCKS + ========================================================================== */ + +dt, .text-uppercase.fw-bold { + color: var(--lode-text) !important; + font-weight: bold !important; + text-transform: none !important; + margin-top: 5px; +} + +/* Blocchi relazioni: bordo tratteggiato LODE */ +.bg-light-subtle { + background-color: var(--lode-surface-block) !important; + border-top: 1px dashed var(--lode-hairline) !important; + border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--lode-hairline) !important; + border-radius: 0 !important; +} + +/* IRI inline */ +code.bg-light { + background-color: transparent !important; + color: var(--lode-text); + font-family: Menlo, Consolas, "DejaVu Sans Mono", Monaco, monospace; + border: none !important; + padding: 0 !important; + font-weight: normal !important; +} + +.list-unstyled li { margin-bottom: 4px; } + +/* Attributes section */ +.attribute { + border-left: 3px solid var(--lode-blue); +} + +/* Statement in Manchester-like syntax */ +.statement { + background-color: var(--lode-bg); + font-size: 0.92em; +} + +.logic, +.statement .logic { + color: var(--lode-type-logic); + font-weight: bold; +} + + +/* ========================================================================== + 6. BUTTONS + ========================================================================== */ + +.btn-outline-secondary, +.btn-outline-dark, +.btn-outline-primary { + border: 1px solid var(--lode-border) !important; + color: var(--lode-blue) !important; + background: var(--lode-surface-alt); + padding: 2px 8px; + font-size: 0.85rem; + margin-left: 5px; +} + +.btn:hover { + background: var(--lode-blue) !important; + color: var(--lode-bg) !important; +} + +.mt-3 a.btn { + border: none !important; + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.text-danger { color: var(--lode-alert); } + +.hide { display: none; } + + +/* ========================================================================== + 7. TOC INLINE + ========================================================================== */ + +.toc-card { + border: 1px solid var(--lode-blue-dark) !important; + border-left: 5px solid var(--lode-blue) !important; + background-color: var(--lode-blue-pale) !important; +} + +.toc-card .btn-outline-primary { + border: none !important; + background: transparent !important; + color: var(--lode-link) !important; + text-decoration: underline; + text-decoration-color: var(--lode-link-underline); + text-align: left; +} + +/* Ritorno all'indice */ +.backlink { + font-size: 10pt !important; + text-align: right !important; + float: right !important; + color: var(--lode-text) !important; + padding: 2px !important; + border: 1px dotted var(--lode-blue-dark) !important; + background-color: var(--lode-blue-pale) !important; +} + +.border-primary.border-top-4 { border-top: none !important; } + + +/* ========================================================================== + 8. TOC SIDEBAR + ========================================================================== */ + +body.toc-sidebar-open { margin-left: calc(var(--toc-sidebar-w) + 1rem); } +body.toc-sidebar-closed { margin-left: 5rem; } + +.toc-sidebar { + position: fixed; + top: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; + width: var(--toc-sidebar-w); + border-right: 2px solid var(--lode-blue-dark); + z-index: 1030; + display: flex; + flex-direction: column; + transition: transform .2s ease, width .2s ease; +} + +.toc-sidebar.closed { width: var(--toc-sidebar-collapsed-w); } +.toc-sidebar.closed .toc-sidebar-inner { display: none; } + +/* Logo nella sidebar chiusa */ +.toc-sidebar.closed::before { + content: ""; + position: absolute; + bottom: 1rem; + left: 0; right: 0; + height: 10rem; + background-image: url('https://www.essepuntato.it/assets/img/lode/LODELogo.png'); + background-position: center; + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-size: contain; + pointer-events: none; +} + +.toc-sidebar-inner { + flex: 1 1 auto; + overflow-y: auto; + padding: 1rem .75rem 2rem .75rem; +} + +.toc-sidebar-header { + padding: .25rem .25rem .75rem .25rem; + border-bottom: 1px solid var(--lode-blue-hairline); + margin-bottom: .5rem; +} + +.toc-sidebar-title { + color: var(--lode-blue) !important; + font-size: .85rem; + font-weight: 700; + text-transform: uppercase; + letter-spacing: .04em; +} + +.toc-sidebar-toggle { + position: absolute; + top: .5rem; + right: -1.6rem; + width: 1.6rem; + height: 1.6rem; + border: 1px solid var(--lode-blue-dark); + background: var(--lode-bg); + color: var(--lode-blue); + font-weight: 700; + line-height: 1; + cursor: pointer; + z-index: 2; + display: flex; + align-items: center; + justify-content: center; +} +.toc-sidebar-toggle:hover { background: var(--lode-blue); color: var(--lode-bg); } + +.toc-sidebar-nav { font-size: .9rem; } + +/* --- Collapse sections --- */ +.toc-sidebar-section { margin-bottom: .25rem; } +.toc-sidebar-section[open] > .toc-sidebar-section-head { color: var(--lode-blue); } + +.toc-sidebar-section-head { + list-style: none; + cursor: pointer; + padding: .3rem .25rem; + display: flex; + align-items: center; + justify-content: space-between; + gap: .5rem; + font-weight: 600; + color: var(--lode-text); +} +.toc-sidebar-section-head::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; } +.toc-sidebar-section-head::before { + content: "\25B8"; + color: var(--lode-muted); + font-size: .7rem; + margin-right: .15rem; + transition: transform .15s ease; + display: inline-block; +} +.toc-sidebar-section[open] > .toc-sidebar-section-head::before { transform: rotate(90deg); } + +.toc-sidebar-section-title { flex: 1 1 auto; min-width: 0; } +.toc-sidebar-section-title a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; } +.toc-sidebar-section-title a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } + +.toc-sidebar-section-count { + background: var(--lode-blue-tint); + color: var(--lode-blue); + padding: 0 .45rem; + font-size: .72rem; + font-weight: 700; + min-width: 1.6rem; + text-align: center; +} + +/* --- Lists --- */ +.toc-sidebar-list { + list-style: none; + padding: .15rem 0 .35rem .9rem; + margin: 0 0 0 .35rem; + border-left: 1px dashed var(--lode-blue-hairline); +} +.toc-sidebar-list li { margin: 0; } +.toc-sidebar-list a { + display: block; + color: var(--lode-text); + text-decoration: none; + white-space: nowrap; + overflow: hidden; + text-overflow: ellipsis; + font-size: .85rem; +} +.toc-sidebar-list a:hover { background: var(--lode-blue-tint); color: var(--lode-blue); } +.toc-sidebar-list a.active { background: var(--lode-blue); color: var(--lode-bg); } + +/* --- Albero gerarchico --- */ +.toc-tree-root, +.toc-tree-children { + list-style: none; + margin: 0; + padding-left: .9rem; + border-left: 1px dashed var(--lode-blue-hairline); +} +.toc-tree-root { + margin-left: .35rem; + padding-top: .15rem; + padding-bottom: .35rem; +} +.toc-tree-children { + margin-left: .15rem; + padding-top: .1rem; +} + +.toc-node { margin: 0; } + +.toc-tree-branch > .toc-tree-summary, +.toc-tree-leaf { + display: block; + padding: .15rem .4rem; + color: var(--lode-text); + text-decoration: none; + font-size: .85rem; + cursor: pointer; + white-space: nowrap; + overflow: hidden; + text-overflow: ellipsis; +} + +.toc-tree-branch > .toc-tree-summary { + list-style: none; + position: relative; + padding-left: 1rem; +} +.toc-tree-branch > .toc-tree-summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; } +.toc-tree-branch > .toc-tree-summary::before { + content: "\25B8"; + position: absolute; + left: .15rem; + top: 50%; + transform: translateY(-50%); + color: var(--lode-muted); + font-size: .65rem; + transition: transform .15s ease; +} +.toc-tree-branch[open] > .toc-tree-summary::before { transform: translateY(-50%) rotate(90deg); } + +.toc-tree-branch > .toc-tree-summary a { color: var(--lode-text); text-decoration: none; } +.toc-tree-leaf { padding-left: 1rem; } + +.toc-tree-branch > .toc-tree-summary:hover, +.toc-tree-leaf:hover { + background: var(--lode-blue-tint); + color: var(--lode-blue); +} + +.toc-tree-branch > .toc-tree-summary a.active, +.toc-tree-leaf.active { + background: var(--lode-blue); + color: var(--lode-bg); +} + +/* --- Sidebar: nascosta sotto 992px --- */ +@media (max-width: 991.98px) { + #toc-sidebar, + #toc-sidebar .toc-sidebar-toggle { display: none !important; } + body.toc-sidebar-open, + body.toc-sidebar-closed { + margin-left: 0 !important; + padding-left: 0 !important; + } +} + +/* --- Mobile: slide-over --- */ +@media (max-width: 768px) { + body.toc-sidebar-open, + body.toc-sidebar-closed { margin-left: 1rem; } + .toc-sidebar { box-shadow: 4px 0 12px rgba(0,0,0,.12); } + .toc-sidebar.closed { + transform: translateX(calc(-1 * var(--toc-sidebar-w))); + width: var(--toc-sidebar-w); + } + .toc-sidebar.closed .toc-sidebar-inner { display: block; } + .toc-sidebar.closed .toc-sidebar-toggle { right: -2rem; } +} + + +/* ========================================================================== + 9. FLOATING SEARCH + ========================================================================== */ + +.toc-float-search { + position: fixed; + top: 50%; + right: 1.5rem; + transform: translateY(-50%); + z-index: 1050; + display: flex; + align-items: center; +} + +.toc-float-search-toggle { + width: 42px; + height: 42px; + border-radius: 50%; + border: 1px solid var(--lode-blue-dark); + background: var(--lode-bg); + color: var(--lode-blue); + box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); + display: flex; + align-items: center; + justify-content: center; + cursor: pointer; +} + +.toc-float-search-panel { + display: flex; + align-items: center; + gap: 0.4rem; + width: 0; + opacity: 0; + overflow: hidden; + transition: width 0.2s ease, opacity 0.2s ease; +} + +.toc-float-search.open .toc-float-search-panel { + width: 320px; + opacity: 1; + margin-right: 0.5rem; +} + +.toc-float-search-input { + border: 1px solid var(--lode-border); + border-radius: 4px; + padding: 6px 10px; + font-size: 0.85rem; + flex: 1 1 auto; + min-width: 0; +} + +.toc-float-search-count { + font-size: 0.8rem; + color: var(--lode-muted); + min-width: 2.5rem; + text-align: center; +} + +.toc-float-search-nav { + width: 28px; + height: 28px; + border: 1px solid var(--lode-border); + background: var(--lode-bg); + color: var(--lode-blue); + display: flex; + align-items: center; + justify-content: center; + cursor: pointer; +} + +.toc-search-dim { opacity: 0.35; } + +.toc-search-current { + outline: 3px solid var(--lode-blue); + outline-offset: 2px; +} + + +/* ========================================================================== + 10. SINGLE RESOURCE FRONTMATTER + ========================================================================== */ + +.resource-frontmatter { + border-bottom: 1px solid var(--lode-border); + padding-bottom: .75rem; + margin-bottom: .5rem; +} + +.resource-title { + color: var(--lode-heading); + font-weight: 700; + font-size: 170%; + padding: 0; + margin: 0; +} + +.resource-subtitle { + color: var(--lode-text); + font-style: italic; + font-size: 105%; + font-weight: 400; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +.resource-subtitle-ontology { + font-style: normal; + font-weight: 600; + color: var(--lode-heading); +} + +.resource-meta-line { + display: flex; + align-items: center; + gap: .5rem; + font-size: .85rem; + color: var(--lode-muted); +} + +.resource-meta-uri { max-width: 60%; } + +.resource-meta-link { + color: var(--lode-link) !important; + text-decoration: none !important; +} +.resource-meta-link:hover { + text-decoration: underline !important; + text-decoration-thickness: 2px !important; +} + +/* --- Accordion metadata --- */ +.metadata-accordion-summary { + cursor: pointer; + list-style: none; +} +.metadata-accordion-summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; } + +.metadata-accordion-toggle { + display: inline-flex; + align-items: center; + gap: .35rem; + margin-left: auto; /* allinea a destra, come i controlli W3C */ + border: 1px solid var(--lode-border); + background: var(--lode-surface-alt); + color: var(--lode-blue); + font-size: .85rem; + cursor: pointer; +} +.metadata-accordion-toggle:hover { + background: var(--lode-blue); + color: var(--lode-bg); +} +.metadata-accordion-toggle i { transition: transform .2s ease; } +.metadata-accordion[open] .metadata-accordion-toggle i { transform: rotate(180deg); } + + +/* ========================================================================== + 11. RDF PROVENANCE ACCORDION + ========================================================================== */ + +.prov-accordion .accordion-button { + background: transparent; + box-shadow: none; + border-radius: 0; + color: var(--lode-blue); +} +.prov-accordion .accordion-button:hover { + background: var(--lode-link-hover-bg); +} +.prov-accordion .accordion-button:not(.collapsed) { + background: var(--lode-blue-tint); + color: var(--lode-blue); + box-shadow: none; +} +.prov-accordion .accordion-button:focus { box-shadow: none; } + +/* Via la freccia di default di Bootstrap */ +.prov-accordion .accordion-button::after { display: none; } + +.prov-accordion .accordion-button i { transition: transform 0.2s ease; } +.prov-accordion .accordion-button:not(.collapsed) i { transform: rotate(90deg); } + + +/* ========================================================================== + 12. MARKDOWN RENDERING + ========================================================================== */ + +.inline-markdown > *:last-child { + display: block !important; + margin-bottom: 0 !important; +} + +.inline-markdown > *:last-child:not(pre) { + display: inline !important; + margin-bottom: 0 !important; +} + +.markdown-with-badge { display: inline !important; } +.markdown-with-badge:has(pre) { display: block !important; } + +/* I blocchi pre devono restare block anche dentro le card */ +.markdown-with-badge pre, +.inline-markdown pre { + display: block !important; + width: 100%; + white-space: pre; +} + +.markdown-with-badge p { margin-bottom: 0; } +.markdown-with-badge p:last-child { + display: inline !important; + margin-bottom: 0 !important; +} + +/* Rientro liste: i bullet non devono toccare il bordo sinistro */ +.render-markdown ul, +.render-markdown ol { + padding-left: 1.5rem !important; + margin-bottom: 0.5rem; +} + +/* Se l'ultimo elemento e' una lista, la lista va in linea */ +.markdown-with-badge ul:last-child, +.markdown-with-badge ol:last-child { + display: inline !important; + margin-bottom: 0 !important; + padding-left: 0 !important; +} + +.markdown-with-badge ul:last-child > li:last-child, +.markdown-with-badge ol:last-child > li:last-child { + display: inline !important; +} + +.markdown-with-badge ul:last-child > li, +.markdown-with-badge ol:last-child > li { + list-style-type: none !important; +} + +/* Ridisegno del bullet per l'elemento reso inline */ +.markdown-with-badge ul:last-child > li::before { + content: "\2022"; + padding-right: 10px; + margin-left: 0.65rem; + font-size: 1.2em; + line-height: 0; + vertical-align: middle; +} + + +/* ========================================================================== + 13. INDEX PAGE + Submission form, toggle url/file, button pill. + ========================================================================== */ + +.submission-form-container { + border-bottom: 2px solid var(--lode-blue-dark); + padding: 2rem 4rem 2rem 6rem; +} + +.button { + display: inline-block; + padding: .65rem 1.6rem; + border: 2px solid var(--lode-blue); + border-radius: 50px; + background: var(--lode-bg); + color: var(--lode-blue); + font-size: 1rem; + font-weight: 600; + line-height: 1.5; + text-align: center; + text-decoration: none; + cursor: pointer; + transition: background-color .15s ease, color .15s ease; +} + +.button:hover, +.button:focus-visible { + background: var(--lode-blue); + color: var(--lode-bg); +} + +.button:active { + background: var(--lode-yellow); + border-color: var(--lode-blue); + color: var(--lode-text); +} + +.button:focus-visible { + outline: 2px solid var(--lode-blue); + outline-offset: 2px; +} + +.button:disabled { + border-color: var(--lode-border); + background: var(--lode-bg); + color: var(--lode-muted); + cursor: not-allowed; +} + +.info-icon { + cursor: pointer; + color: var(--lode-alert); + font-size: 1.1rem; +} +.info-icon:hover { color: var(--lode-blue-dark); } + +/* --- Toggle url / file --- */ +.toggle-switch { + position: relative; + display: inline-block; + background: var(--lode-bg); + border: 2px solid var(--lode-blue); + border-radius: 50px; + overflow: hidden; + cursor: pointer; + user-select: none; + padding: 0; +} + +.toggle-option { + display: inline-block; + padding: 8px 24px; + font-size: 14px; + font-weight: 500; + transition: color 0.3s ease; + position: relative; + z-index: 2; +} + +.toggle-option.inactive { color: var(--lode-blue); opacity: 0.5; } +.toggle-option.active { color: var(--lode-text); } + +.toggle-slider { + position: absolute; + top: 0; + bottom: 0; + background: var(--lode-yellow); + border-radius: 50px; + transition: left 0.3s ease; + z-index: 1; +} + +.toggle-slider.url-mode { left: 0; width: 50%; } +.toggle-slider.file-mode { left: 50%; width: 50%; } \ No newline at end of file