feat(hashes): add Jenkins-One-At-A-Time function (#14560)

* Add joaat function for non-cryptographic hashing

Implement the Jenkins-One-At-A-Time hash function.

* Add doctest for joaat function

Added doctest examples for the joaat function and included a main block to run tests.

* Refactor joaat function variable names for prevent shadowing

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Rename function to jenkins_one_at_a_time

* updating DIRECTORY.md

---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
Co-authored-by: cclauss <cclauss@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: 3 people

DIRECTORY.md

@@ -703,6 +703,7 @@
   * [Enigma Machine](hashes/enigma_machine.py)
   * [Fletcher16](hashes/fletcher16.py)
   * [Hamming Code](hashes/hamming_code.py)
+  * [Jenkins One At A Time](hashes/jenkins_one_at_a_time.py)
   * [Luhn](hashes/luhn.py)
   * [Md5](hashes/md5.py)
   * [Sdbm](hashes/sdbm.py)

hashes/jenkins_one_at_a_time.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""
+The Bob Jenkins hash is a fast, non-cryptographic hash function
+designed for general-purpose use, such as hash table lookups.
+
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenkins_hash_function
+"""
+
+
+def jenkins_one_at_a_time(key: str) -> int:
+    """
+    Calculate Jenkins One-at-a-Time hash for a key.
+
+    >>> jenkins_one_at_a_time("apple")
+    2297466611
+    >>> jenkins_one_at_a_time("test")
+    1064684737
+    >>> jenkins_one_at_a_time("")
+    0
+    """
+    hash_value = 0
+    mask = 0xFFFFFFFF
+    key_bytes = key.encode("utf-8")
+
+    for byte in key_bytes:
+        hash_value = (hash_value + byte) & mask
+        hash_value = (hash_value + (hash_value << 10)) & mask
+        hash_value = (hash_value ^ (hash_value >> 6)) & mask
+
+    hash_value = (hash_value + (hash_value << 3)) & mask
+    hash_value = (hash_value ^ (hash_value >> 11)) & mask
+    hash_value = (hash_value + (hash_value << 15)) & mask
+
+    return hash_value
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()