From 8ff0b08504b1fd0ae5f471aab053204ac2f5739e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hongyu guo <guohongyu@apache.org>
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2026 22:59:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] [CALCITE-7407] Illegal use of dynamic parameter with ||

---
 .../apache/calcite/sql/fun/SqlStdOperatorTable.java   |  2 +-
 .../test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/JdbcTest.java   | 11 +++++++++++
 .../org/apache/calcite/test/SqlValidatorTest.java     |  8 ++++++++
 3 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/sql/fun/SqlStdOperatorTable.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/sql/fun/SqlStdOperatorTable.java
index 2a26a78929cf..272721ab9ff9 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/sql/fun/SqlStdOperatorTable.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/calcite/sql/fun/SqlStdOperatorTable.java
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ public class SqlStdOperatorTable extends ReflectiveSqlOperatorTable {
             }
             return type;
           }),
-          null,
+          InferTypes.RETURN_TYPE,
           OperandTypes.STRING_SAME_SAME_OR_ARRAY_SAME_SAME);
 
 
diff --git a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/JdbcTest.java b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/JdbcTest.java
index e25c6f31ccf2..45b980b1ebae 100644
--- a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/JdbcTest.java
+++ b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/JdbcTest.java
@@ -5967,6 +5967,17 @@ private CalciteAssert.AssertQuery withEmpDept(String sql) {
         });
   }
 
+  /** Test case for
+   * <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CALCITE-7407">[CALCITE-7407]
+   * Illegal use of dynamic parameter with ||</a>. */
+  @Test void testPreparedStatementConcatDynamicParameter() {
+    CalciteAssert.hr()
+        .query("select \"name\" from \"hr\".\"emps\"\n"
+            + "where \"name\" = (? || 'odore')")
+        .consumesPreparedStatement(p -> p.setString(1, "The"))
+        .returns("name=Theodore\n");
+  }
+
   /** Test case for
    * <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CALCITE-2061">[CALCITE-2061]
    * Dynamic parameters in offset/fetch</a>. */
diff --git a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/SqlValidatorTest.java b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/SqlValidatorTest.java
index dd66362819a7..7055e8586ad2 100644
--- a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/SqlValidatorTest.java
+++ b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/SqlValidatorTest.java
@@ -8287,6 +8287,14 @@ void testGroupExpressionEquivalenceParams() {
     sql("select 1 from emp having sum(sal) < ?").ok();
   }
 
+  /** Test case for
+   * <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CALCITE-7407">[CALCITE-7407]
+   * Illegal use of dynamic parameter with ||</a>. */
+  @Test void testBindConcat() {
+    sql("select * from emp where ename = (? || 'KI')").ok();
+    sql("select * from emp where ename = ('SM' || ?)").ok();
+  }
+
   /** Test case for
    * <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CALCITE-1310">[CALCITE-1310]
    * Infer type of arguments to BETWEEN operator</a>. */

From ae7fba4775831732b31a2004b1f7f0dc6332bd30 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hongyu guo <guohongyu@apache.org>
Date: Sat, 4 Apr 2026 18:02:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] [CALCITE-7407] Illegal use of dynamic parameter with ||

---
 .../org/apache/calcite/test/SqlValidatorTest.java  | 14 ++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+)

diff --git a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/SqlValidatorTest.java b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/SqlValidatorTest.java
index 7055e8586ad2..f6d26c6af7ed 100644
--- a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/SqlValidatorTest.java
+++ b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/calcite/test/SqlValidatorTest.java
@@ -822,6 +822,10 @@ static SqlOperatorTable operatorTableFor(SqlLibrary library) {
         .columnType("CHAR(6) NOT NULL");
     expr("'a'||'b'||cast('cde' as VARCHAR(3))|| 'f'")
         .columnType("VARCHAR(6) NOT NULL");
+    expr("null||'b'")
+        .columnType("VARCHAR");
+    expr("cast(null as ANY)||cast(null as ANY)")
+        .columnType("ANY");
     expr("_UTF16'a'||_UTF16'b'||_UTF16'c'").ok();
   }
 
@@ -8295,6 +8299,16 @@ void testGroupExpressionEquivalenceParams() {
     sql("select * from emp where ename = ('SM' || ?)").ok();
   }
 
+  /** Test case for
+   * <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CALCITE-7407">[CALCITE-7407]
+   * Illegal use of dynamic parameter with ||</a>. */
+  @Test void testConcatNullAndAnyWithContext() {
+    sql("select * from emp where ename = (null || 'KI')").ok();
+    sql("select * from emp where ename = ('SM' || null)").ok();
+    sql("select * from emp where ename = (cast(null as any) || 'KI')").ok();
+    sql("select * from emp where ename = ('SM' || cast(null as any))").ok();
+  }
+
   /** Test case for
    * <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CALCITE-1310">[CALCITE-1310]
    * Infer type of arguments to BETWEEN operator</a>. */