diff --git a/ci/scripts/check_asf_yaml_status_checks.py b/ci/scripts/check_asf_yaml_status_checks.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
diff --git a/dev/rust_lint.sh b/dev/rust_lint.sh
index 542ed18c6bd72..6f185d2348cba 100755
--- a/dev/rust_lint.sh
+++ b/dev/rust_lint.sh
@@ -88,6 +88,23 @@ done
 SCRIPT_NAME="$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
 
+# `ci/scripts/check_asf_yaml_status_checks.py` runs with `python3` from PATH
+# and imports PyYAML. Report a missing prerequisite before any tool is
+# installed or any formatter runs, and point at `uv run`, which sets up the
+# Python dependencies from the uv workspace.
+ensure_python_with_yaml() {
+  if ! command -v python3 &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "[${SCRIPT_NAME}] python3 was not found on PATH. Please run the suite through uv, which provides Python and its packages: uv run ./dev/rust_lint.sh" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if ! python3 -c 'import yaml' &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "[${SCRIPT_NAME}] PyYAML is not installed for $(command -v python3). Please run the suite through uv, which installs it: uv run ./dev/rust_lint.sh" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+}
+
+ensure_python_with_yaml
+
 # Load the tool versions shared with CI (for example, LYCHEE_VERSION).
 source "${SCRIPT_DIR}/../ci/scripts/utils/tool_versions.sh"
 
@@ -114,6 +131,7 @@ declare -a WRITE_STEPS=(
 
 declare -a READONLY_STEPS=(
   "ci/scripts/check_no_cargo_install_in_workflows.sh|false"
+  "ci/scripts/check_asf_yaml_status_checks.py|false"
   "ci/scripts/markdown_link_check.sh|false"
   "ci/scripts/rust_docs.sh|false"
 )
diff --git a/docs/source/contributor-guide/testing.md b/docs/source/contributor-guide/testing.md
index 2d0cad99cfddb..dc4430ebf4a1f 100644
--- a/docs/source/contributor-guide/testing.md
+++ b/docs/source/contributor-guide/testing.md
@@ -220,6 +220,25 @@ Rust doc comments are validated by rustdoc in CI and can be checked locally with
 bash ci/scripts/rust_docs.sh
 ```
 
+## ASF Status Check Validation
+
+`ci/scripts/check_asf_yaml_status_checks.py` checks that every required status
+check in `.asf.yaml` matches a job in `.github/workflows`. `./dev/rust_lint.sh`
+runs it and needs `python3` with [PyYAML]. The [uv] workspace provides both:
+
+```shell
+uv run ./dev/rust_lint.sh
+```
+
+To run the check on its own:
+
+```shell
+uv run python3 ci/scripts/check_asf_yaml_status_checks.py
+```
+
+[pyyaml]: https://pypi.org/project/PyYAML/
+[uv]: https://docs.astral.sh/uv/
+
 ## Benchmarks
 
 ### Criterion Benchmarks