diff --git a/src/Analyser/FileAnalysisProvider.php b/src/Analyser/FileAnalysisProvider.php
index d0c40131..b5ebe055 100644
--- a/src/Analyser/FileAnalysisProvider.php
+++ b/src/Analyser/FileAnalysisProvider.php
@@ -303,6 +303,20 @@ private function fileState(array $nodes): array
 
             if ($this->isSymbolDeclaration($node)) {
                 $declaresSymbols = true;
+
+                // A define() argument can itself be effectful, e.g. define('X', include 'config.php').
+                if ($node instanceof Expression) {
+                    $argumentSideEffectLine = $this->intrinsicSideEffectLineInExpression($node->expr);
+
+                    if ($argumentSideEffectLine !== null) {
+                        if (! $hasSideEffects) {
+                            $sideEffectLine = $argumentSideEffectLine;
+                        }
+
+                        $hasSideEffects = true;
+                    }
+                }
+
                 continue;
             }
 
diff --git a/tests/Analyser/FileAnalysisProviderTest.php b/tests/Analyser/FileAnalysisProviderTest.php
index 804ec687..d1cb3bf9 100644
--- a/tests/Analyser/FileAnalysisProviderTest.php
+++ b/tests/Analyser/FileAnalysisProviderTest.php
@@ -410,6 +410,13 @@ public static function defineStatementProvider(): iterable
         yield 'define() method call' => ["\$container->define('X', 1);", false, true];
         yield 'defined() on a variable' => ["\$guard || define('X', 1);", false, true];
         yield 'assignment' => ['$version = 1;', false, true];
+        yield 'define() with include argument' => ["define('X', include 'config.php');", true, true];
+        yield 'define() with assignment argument' => ["define('X', \$config = 1);", true, true];
+        yield 'guarded define() with include argument' => [
+            "defined('X') || define('X', include 'config.php');",
+            true,
+            true,
+        ];
     }
 
     #[DataProvider('defineStatementProvider')]
diff --git a/tests/Rule/File/Psr1SymbolsOrSideEffectsRuleTest.php b/tests/Rule/File/Psr1SymbolsOrSideEffectsRuleTest.php
index b6fdab69..93cf6bb5 100644
--- a/tests/Rule/File/Psr1SymbolsOrSideEffectsRuleTest.php
+++ b/tests/Rule/File/Psr1SymbolsOrSideEffectsRuleTest.php
@@ -338,6 +338,31 @@ public function testViolatesEchoNextToDefineAndClass(): void
         }
     }
 
+    public function testViolatesDefineWithSideEffectArgumentNextToClass(): void
+    {
+        $basePath = $this->makeTempDir();
+
+        try {
+            mkdir($basePath . '/src');
+            file_put_contents(
+                $basePath . '/src/Foo.php',
+                "<?php\ndefine('APP_CONFIG', include 'config.php');\nclass Bootstrap {}\n"
+            );
+
+            $violations = (new Psr1SymbolsOrSideEffectsRule(['src/']))->evaluateProjectAll(
+                $basePath,
+                Architecture::define()
+            );
+
+            $this->assertCount(1, $violations);
+            $this->assertSame(2, $violations[0]->line);
+        } finally {
+            unlink($basePath . '/src/Foo.php');
+            rmdir($basePath . '/src');
+            rmdir($basePath);
+        }
+    }
+
     public function testViolatesDefineMixedWithSideEffectCall(): void
     {
         $basePath = $this->makeTempDir();