diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index bc83be17ec..7f0845c3c8 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ target-version = "py310"
 line-length = 99
 
 [tool.ruff.lint]
-select = ["E", "F", "I", "Q", "W", "PGH", "FLY", "S113"]
+select = ["E", "F", "I", "Q", "W", "PGH", "FLY", "S113", "PLR1722"]
 ignore = [
     "E501",
     "E712",
diff --git a/scripts/docs/gen_cli_reference.py b/scripts/docs/gen_cli_reference.py
index 86ddae329b..d78263b87b 100644
--- a/scripts/docs/gen_cli_reference.py
+++ b/scripts/docs/gen_cli_reference.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 import re
 import shlex
 import subprocess
+import sys
 from fnmatch import fnmatch
 from functools import cache
 
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ def process_file(file: File):
 def main():
     if os.environ.get(DISABLE_ENV):
         logger.warning("CLI reference generation is disabled")
-        exit()
+        sys.exit()
 
     logger.info("Generating CLI reference...")
     # Sequential processing take > 10s
diff --git a/scripts/docs/gen_openapi_reference.py b/scripts/docs/gen_openapi_reference.py
index 9998e1b7be..e054de0f6b 100644
--- a/scripts/docs/gen_openapi_reference.py
+++ b/scripts/docs/gen_openapi_reference.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import logging
 import os
 import re
+import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@
 
 if os.environ.get(disable_env):
     logger.warning("OpenAPI reference generation is disabled")
-    exit(0)
+    sys.exit(0)
 
 
 def _write_tag_references(tags: list[str]) -> None:
diff --git a/scripts/docs/gen_rest_plugin_spec_reference.py b/scripts/docs/gen_rest_plugin_spec_reference.py
index 8c89a84596..68633b1a97 100644
--- a/scripts/docs/gen_rest_plugin_spec_reference.py
+++ b/scripts/docs/gen_rest_plugin_spec_reference.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import json
 import logging
 import os
+import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from dstack._internal.settings import DSTACK_VERSION
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@
 disable_env = "DSTACK_DOCS_DISABLE_REST_PLUGIN_SPEC_REFERENCE"
 if os.environ.get(disable_env):
     logger.warning("REST plugin spec reference generation is disabled")
-    exit(0)
+    sys.exit(0)
 
 try:
     from example_plugin_server.main import app
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@
         " The REST Plugin API won't be generated."
         " Run 'uv pip install examples/plugins/example_plugin_server' to install 'example_plugin_server'."
     )
-    exit(0)
+    sys.exit(0)
 
 app.title = "REST Plugin OpenAPI Spec"
 app.servers = [
diff --git a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/apply.py b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/apply.py
index c10f54f33e..7e37522a8e 100644
--- a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/apply.py
+++ b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/apply.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import argparse
 import shlex
+import sys
 
 from argcomplete import FilesCompleter  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
 
@@ -103,4 +104,4 @@ def _command(self, args: argparse.Namespace):
             )
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
             console.print("\nOperation interrupted by user. Exiting...")
-            exit(0)
+            sys.exit(0)
diff --git a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/attach.py b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/attach.py
index a22d63d37c..5543ea32e6 100644
--- a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/attach.py
+++ b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/attach.py
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ def _command(self, args: argparse.Namespace):
                     f" Use [code]-p[/code] in [code]dstack attach[/code] to override the local"
                     f" port mapping, e.g. [code]-p {e.port + 1}:{e.port}[/code].[/]"
                 )
-                exit(1)
+                sys.exit(1)
             if not attached:
                 raise CLIError(f"Failed to attach to run {args.run_name}")
             _print_attached_message(
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ def _command(self, args: argparse.Namespace):
         finally:
             run.detach()
         # TODO: Handle run resubmissions similar to dstack apply
-        exit(exit_code)
+        sys.exit(exit_code)
 
 
 def _print_finished_message_when_available(run: Run) -> None:
diff --git a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/fleet.py b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/fleet.py
index 001779fe1b..02cc88cc1d 100644
--- a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/fleet.py
+++ b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/fleet.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import argparse
+import sys
 import time
 from uuid import UUID
 
@@ -120,14 +121,14 @@ def _delete(self, args: argparse.Namespace):
                 "The [code]<project>/<fleet>[/] format is not supported for fleet names."
                 " Can only delete fleets or instances owned by the current project"
             )
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
         name = args.name.name
 
         try:
             self.api.client.fleets.get(project_name=self.api.project, name=name)
         except ResourceNotExistsError:
             console.print(f"Fleet [code]{name}[/] does not exist")
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
         if not args.instances:
             if not args.yes and not confirm_ask(f"Delete the fleet [code]{name}[/]?"):
@@ -174,6 +175,6 @@ def _get(self, args: argparse.Namespace):
                 )
         except ResourceNotExistsError:
             error_console.print(f"Fleet [code]{args.name or args.id}[/] not found")
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
         print(fleet.model_dump_json(indent=2))
diff --git a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/gateway.py b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/gateway.py
index bd29431f20..be1d33de16 100644
--- a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/gateway.py
+++ b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/gateway.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import argparse
+import sys
 import time
 
 from rich.live import Live
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ def _delete(self, args: argparse.Namespace):
                 "The [code]<project>/<gateway>[/] format is not supported for gateway names."
                 " Can only delete gateways owned by the current project"
             )
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
         name = args.name.name
         gateway = self.api.client.gateways.get(self.api.project, name)
         print_gateways_table([gateway], current_project=self.api.project)
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ def _update(self, args: argparse.Namespace):
                         " when [code]--domain[/] is passed."
                         " Can only update gateways owned by the current project"
                     )
-                    exit(1)
+                    sys.exit(1)
                 self.api.client.gateways.set_wildcard_domain(
                     self.api.project, args.name.name, args.domain
                 )
diff --git a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/login.py b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/login.py
index 8431a76c61..c7b7463e12 100644
--- a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/login.py
+++ b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/login.py
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ def _prompt_url(self) -> str:
             )
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
             console.print("\nCancelled by user")
-            raise SystemExit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
         if url is None:
             raise CLIError("URL is required")
         return url
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ def _prompt_provider(self, available_providers: list[str]) -> str:
             instruction="(↑↓ Enter)",
         ).ask()
         if selected_provider is None:
-            raise SystemExit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
         return selected_provider
 
     def _configure_projects(
diff --git a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/preset.py b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/preset.py
index a28669493e..ea557aaba9 100644
--- a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/preset.py
+++ b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/preset.py
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ def _command(self, args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
             args.subfunc(args)
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
             console.print("\nOperation interrupted by user. Exiting...")
-            exit(0)
+            sys.exit(0)
 
     def _reconcile(self) -> None:
         """Finalize any detached/orphaned session whose agent already completed,
diff --git a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/run.py b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/run.py
index 1310e1274f..730ce4aa26 100644
--- a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/run.py
+++ b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/run.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import argparse
+import sys
 from uuid import UUID
 
 from dstack._internal.cli.commands import APIBaseCommand
@@ -63,6 +64,6 @@ def _get(self, args: argparse.Namespace):
                 run = self.api.client.runs.get(project_name=self.api.project, run_name=args.name)
         except ResourceNotExistsError:
             error_console.print(f"Run [code]{args.name or args.id}[/] not found")
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
         print(run.model_dump_json(indent=2))
diff --git a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/volume.py b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/volume.py
index dea74d0b26..4ab8d5129d 100644
--- a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/volume.py
+++ b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/commands/volume.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import argparse
+import sys
 import time
 
 from rich.live import Live
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ def _delete(self, args: argparse.Namespace):
             self.api.client.volumes.get(project_name=self.api.project, name=args.name)
         except ResourceNotExistsError:
             console.print(f"Volume [code]{args.name}[/] does not exist")
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
         if not args.yes and not confirm_ask(f"Delete the volume [code]{args.name}[/]?"):
             console.print("\nExiting...")
@@ -112,6 +113,6 @@ def _get(self, args: argparse.Namespace):
             volume = self.api.client.volumes.get(project_name=self.api.project, name=args.name)
         except ResourceNotExistsError:
             error_console.print("Volume not found")
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
         print(volume.model_dump_json(indent=2))
diff --git a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/main.py b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/main.py
index 27abf68ad7..84ae1e2863 100644
--- a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/main.py
+++ b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/main.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import argparse
+import sys
 
 import argcomplete
 from rich.markup import escape
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ def main():
     except (ClientError, CLIError, ConfigurationError, SSHError) as e:
         error_console.print(f"[error]{escape(str(e))}[/]")
         logger.debug(e, exc_info=True)
-        exit(1)
+        sys.exit(1)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/services/configurators/fleet.py b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/services/configurators/fleet.py
index 97ff872779..12ef066a48 100644
--- a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/services/configurators/fleet.py
+++ b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/services/configurators/fleet.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import argparse
+import sys
 import time
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ def _apply_plan(self, plan: FleetPlan, command_args: argparse.Namespace):
                 console.print(
                     "\n[error]Some instances failed. Check the table above for errors.[/]"
                 )
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
     def _apply_plan_on_old_server(self, plan: FleetPlan, command_args: argparse.Namespace):
         action_message = ""
@@ -281,7 +282,7 @@ def _apply_plan_on_old_server(self, plan: FleetPlan, command_args: argparse.Name
         )
         if _fleet_has_failed_instances(fleet):
             console.print("\n[error]Some instances failed. Check the table above for errors.[/]")
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
     def delete_configuration(
         self,
@@ -291,7 +292,7 @@ def delete_configuration(
     ):
         if conf.name is None:
             console.print("[error]Configuration specifies no fleet to delete[/]")
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
         try:
             self.api.client.fleets.get(
@@ -300,7 +301,7 @@ def delete_configuration(
             )
         except ResourceNotExistsError:
             console.print(f"Fleet [code]{conf.name}[/] does not exist")
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
         if not command_args.yes and not confirm_ask(f"Delete the fleet [code]{conf.name}[/]?"):
             console.print("\nExiting...")
diff --git a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/services/configurators/gateway.py b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/services/configurators/gateway.py
index f7e216f0dd..48af0e70a6 100644
--- a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/services/configurators/gateway.py
+++ b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/services/configurators/gateway.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import argparse
+import sys
 import time
 
 from rich.table import Table
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ def apply_configuration(
             console.print(
                 f"\n[error]Provisioning failed. Error: {gateway.status_message or 'unknown'}[/]"
             )
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
     def delete_configuration(
         self,
@@ -170,13 +171,13 @@ def delete_configuration(
     ):
         if conf.name is None:
             console.print("[error]Configuration specifies no gateway to delete[/]")
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
         try:
             self.api.client.gateways.get(project_name=self.api.project, gateway_name=conf.name)
         except ResourceNotExistsError:
             console.print(f"Gateway [code]{conf.name}[/] does not exist")
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
         if not command_args.yes and not confirm_ask(f"Delete the gateway [code]{conf.name}[/]?"):
             console.print("\nExiting...")
diff --git a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/services/configurators/run.py b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/services/configurators/run.py
index d3273ba9c6..756c8396fa 100644
--- a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/services/configurators/run.py
+++ b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/services/configurators/run.py
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ def apply_plan(
                 f" Use [code]-p[/code] in [code]dstack apply[/code] to override the local"
                 f" port mapping, e.g. [code]-p {e.port + 1}:{e.port}[/code].[/]"
             )
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
         if command_args.detach:
             detach_message = f"Run [code]{run.name}[/] submitted, detaching..."
@@ -286,14 +286,14 @@ def apply_plan(
                                 f" Use [code]-p[/code] in [code]dstack attach[/code] to override the local"
                                 f" port mapping, e.g. [code]-p {e.port + 1}:{e.port}[/code].[/]"
                             )
-                            exit(1)
+                            sys.exit(1)
                         if attached:
                             for entry in run.logs():
                                 sys.stdout.buffer.write(entry)
                                 sys.stdout.buffer.flush()
                         else:
                             console.print("[error]Failed to attach, exiting...[/]")
-                            exit(1)
+                            sys.exit(1)
                     finally:
                         run.detach()
 
@@ -308,14 +308,14 @@ def apply_plan(
                         break
                     if run.status.is_finished():
                         print_finished_message(run)
-                        exit(get_run_exit_code(run))
+                        sys.exit(get_run_exit_code(run))
                     time.sleep(1)
                 if not reattach:
                     console.print(
                         "[error]Lost run connection. Timed out waiting for run final status."
                         " Check `dstack ps` to see if it's done or failed."
                     )
-                    exit(1)
+                    sys.exit(1)
         except KeyboardInterrupt:
             try:
                 if command_args.yes or not confirm_ask(
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ def delete_configuration(
     ):
         if conf.name is None:
             console.print("[error]Configuration specifies no run to delete[/]")
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
         try:
             self.api.client.runs.get(
                 project_name=self.api.project,
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ def delete_configuration(
             )
         except ResourceNotExistsError:
             console.print(f"Run [code]{conf.name}[/] does not exist")
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
         if not command_args.yes and not confirm_ask(f"Delete the run [code]{conf.name}[/]?"):
             console.print("\nExiting...")
             return
diff --git a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/services/configurators/volume.py b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/services/configurators/volume.py
index f8e2dea334..55b23bafa6 100644
--- a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/services/configurators/volume.py
+++ b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/services/configurators/volume.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import argparse
+import sys
 import time
 
 from rich.table import Table
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ def apply_configuration(
             console.print(
                 f"\n[error]Provisioning failed. Error: {volume.status_message or 'unknown'}[/]"
             )
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
     def delete_configuration(
         self,
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ def delete_configuration(
     ):
         if conf.name is None:
             console.print("[error]Configuration specifies no volume to delete[/]")
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
         try:
             self.api.client.volumes.get(
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ def delete_configuration(
             )
         except ResourceNotExistsError:
             console.print(f"Volume [code]{conf.name}[/] does not exist")
-            exit(1)
+            sys.exit(1)
 
         if not command_args.yes and not confirm_ask(f"Delete the volume [code]{conf.name}[/]?"):
             console.print("\nExiting...")
diff --git a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/utils/common.py b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/utils/common.py
index 0fa3dd9532..71a76c846d 100644
--- a/src/dstack/_internal/cli/utils/common.py
+++ b/src/dstack/_internal/cli/utils/common.py
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ def confirm_ask(prompt, **kwargs) -> bool:
         return Confirm.ask(prompt=prompt, **kwargs)
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         console.print("\nCancelled by user")
-        raise SystemExit(1)
+        sys.exit(1)
 
 
 def add_row_from_dict(table: Table, data: dict[str, Any], **kwargs):
diff --git a/src/dstack/_internal/core/models/repos/remote.py b/src/dstack/_internal/core/models/repos/remote.py
index 917969e7c5..f51eb85e07 100644
--- a/src/dstack/_internal/core/models/repos/remote.py
+++ b/src/dstack/_internal/core/models/repos/remote.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import io
 import re
 import subprocess
+import sys
 import time
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Annotated, BinaryIO, Callable, Dict, Optional, Union, cast
@@ -384,4 +385,4 @@ def _repo_diff_verbose(repo: git.Repo, repo_hash: str, warning_time: float = 5)
         return collector.get()
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         print("\nAborted")
-        exit(1)
+        sys.exit(1)