diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 2aee94a20b4..60cd95952d7 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 ### Fixes
 
+- Use the original app build's ProGuard UUID for ANR profile chunks ([#5852](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5852))
 - Fix potential ANR/deadlock in Session Replay when `checkCanRecord` runs on the replay executor thread ([#5837](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5837))
 - Prevent concurrent PixelCopy access during Session Replay masking and bitmap cleanup ([#5808](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5808))
 - Release `MediaMuxer` when the replay video encoder fails to start to avoid a resource leak ([#5607](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5607))
diff --git a/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/ApplicationExitInfoEventProcessor.java b/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/ApplicationExitInfoEventProcessor.java
index f175db90488..91e0072cca6 100644
--- a/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/ApplicationExitInfoEventProcessor.java
+++ b/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/ApplicationExitInfoEventProcessor.java
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ public ApplicationExitInfoEventProcessor(
     setStaticValues(event);
 
     if (hintEnricher != null) {
-      hintEnricher.applyPostEnrichment(event, backfillable, unwrappedHint);
+      hintEnricher.applyPostEnrichment(event, backfillable, unwrappedHint, optionsSource);
     }
 
     return event;
@@ -504,10 +504,7 @@ private void setDebugMeta(
               PROGUARD_UUID_FILENAME, String.class, options.getProguardUuid(), optionsSource);
 
       if (proguardUuid != null) {
-        final DebugImage debugImage = new DebugImage();
-        debugImage.setType(DebugImage.PROGUARD);
-        debugImage.setUuid(proguardUuid);
-        images.add(debugImage);
+        images.add(createProguardDebugImage(proguardUuid));
       }
       event.setDebugMeta(debugMeta);
     }
@@ -790,7 +787,10 @@ void applyPreEnrichment(
         @NotNull SentryEvent event, @NotNull Backfillable hint, @NotNull Object rawHint);
 
     void applyPostEnrichment(
-        @NotNull SentryEvent event, @NotNull Backfillable hint, @NotNull Object rawHint);
+        @NotNull SentryEvent event,
+        @NotNull Backfillable hint,
+        @NotNull Object rawHint,
+        @NotNull OptionsSource optionsSource);
   }
 
   private final class AnrHintEnricher implements HintEnricher {
@@ -822,11 +822,14 @@ public void applyPreEnrichment(
 
     @Override
     public void applyPostEnrichment(
-        @NotNull SentryEvent event, @NotNull Backfillable hint, @NotNull Object rawHint) {
+        @NotNull SentryEvent event,
+        @NotNull Backfillable hint,
+        @NotNull Object rawHint,
+        @NotNull OptionsSource optionsSource) {
       final boolean isBackgroundAnr = isBackgroundAnr(rawHint);
 
       if (options.isAnrProfilingEnabled()) {
-        applyAnrProfile(event, hint, isBackgroundAnr);
+        applyAnrProfile(event, hint, isBackgroundAnr, optionsSource);
       }
 
       setDefaultAnrFingerprint(event, isBackgroundAnr);
@@ -920,7 +923,10 @@ private void setAnrExceptions(
     }
 
     private void applyAnrProfile(
-        @NotNull SentryEvent event, @NotNull Backfillable hint, boolean isBackgroundAnr) {
+        @NotNull SentryEvent event,
+        @NotNull Backfillable hint,
+        boolean isBackgroundAnr,
+        @NotNull OptionsSource optionsSource) {
 
       // Skip background ANRs (as profiling only runs in foreground)
       if (isBackgroundAnr) {
@@ -981,7 +987,8 @@ private void applyAnrProfile(
       }
 
       // Capture profile chunk
-      final @Nullable SentryId profilerId = captureAnrProfile(anrTimestamp, anrProfile);
+      final @Nullable SentryId profilerId =
+          captureAnrProfile(anrTimestamp, anrProfile, optionsSource);
       final @NotNull StackTraceElement[] stack = culprit.getStack();
 
       if (stack.length > 0) {
@@ -1012,7 +1019,10 @@ private void applyAnrProfile(
     }
 
     @Nullable
-    private SentryId captureAnrProfile(final long anrTimestampMs, @NotNull AnrProfile anrProfile) {
+    private SentryId captureAnrProfile(
+        final long anrTimestampMs,
+        @NotNull AnrProfile anrProfile,
+        final @NotNull OptionsSource optionsSource) {
       final SentryProfile profile = StackTraceConverter.convert(anrProfile);
       final ProfileChunk chunk =
           new ProfileChunk(
@@ -1024,6 +1034,7 @@ private SentryId captureAnrProfile(final long anrTimestampMs, @NotNull AnrProfil
               ProfileChunk.PLATFORM_JAVA,
               options);
       chunk.setSentryProfile(profile);
+      chunk.setDebugMeta(createAnrProfileDebugMeta(optionsSource));
 
       final SentryId profilerId = Sentry.getCurrentScopes().captureProfileChunk(chunk);
       if (SentryId.EMPTY_ID.equals(profilerId)) {
@@ -1058,5 +1069,37 @@ private boolean hasOnlySystemFrames(@NotNull SentryEvent event) {
       }
       return true;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates debug metadata for an ANR profile chunk using the build metadata selected for the ANR
+     * event.
+     *
+     * <p>ANR profile chunks are captured after app relaunch. If the app was updated between the ANR
+     * and the relaunch, the current options may contain the new build's ProGuard UUID. The provided
+     * {@link OptionsSource} lets us resolve the profile chunk and ANR event to the same originating
+     * build.
+     */
+    private @Nullable DebugMeta createAnrProfileDebugMeta(
+        final @NotNull OptionsSource optionsSource) {
+      final String proguardUuid =
+          getBuildOption(
+              PROGUARD_UUID_FILENAME, String.class, options.getProguardUuid(), optionsSource);
+      if (proguardUuid == null) {
+        // If no historical UUID is available, let the generic profile chunk pipeline apply the
+        // current options UUID as its normal best-effort fallback.
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      final DebugMeta debugMeta = new DebugMeta();
+      debugMeta.setImages(Collections.singletonList(createProguardDebugImage(proguardUuid)));
+      return debugMeta;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static @NotNull DebugImage createProguardDebugImage(final @NotNull String proguardUuid) {
+    final DebugImage debugImage = new DebugImage();
+    debugImage.setType(DebugImage.PROGUARD);
+    debugImage.setUuid(proguardUuid);
+    return debugImage;
   }
 }
diff --git a/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/ApplicationExitInfoEventProcessorTest.kt b/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/ApplicationExitInfoEventProcessorTest.kt
index d5b916d3b44..e80c738b5ea 100644
--- a/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/ApplicationExitInfoEventProcessorTest.kt
+++ b/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/ApplicationExitInfoEventProcessorTest.kt
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import io.sentry.Hint
 import io.sentry.IScopes
 import io.sentry.IpAddressUtils
 import io.sentry.NoOpLogger
+import io.sentry.ProfileChunk
 import io.sentry.Sentry
 import io.sentry.SentryBaseEvent
 import io.sentry.SentryEvent
@@ -75,7 +76,9 @@ import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import org.mockito.Mockito.mockStatic
 import org.mockito.kotlin.any
+import org.mockito.kotlin.argumentCaptor
 import org.mockito.kotlin.mock
+import org.mockito.kotlin.verify
 import org.mockito.kotlin.whenever
 import org.robolectric.annotation.Config
 import org.robolectric.shadow.api.Shadow
@@ -1015,6 +1018,60 @@ class ApplicationExitInfoEventProcessorTest {
     }
   }
 
+  @Test
+  fun `uses persisted proguard uuid for ANR profile chunk after app update`() {
+    fixture.options.anrProfilingSampleRate = 1.0
+    fixture.options.proguardUuid = "current-uuid"
+    val processor =
+      fixture.getSut(
+        tmpDir,
+        populateScopeCache = false,
+        populateOptionsCache = false,
+        isSendDefaultPii = false,
+      )
+    fixture.persistOptions(PROGUARD_UUID_FILENAME, "previous-uuid")
+    setLastUpdateTime(2_000)
+
+    val hint =
+      HintUtils.createWithTypeCheckHint(
+        AbnormalExitHint(mechanism = "anr_foreground", timestamp = 1_000)
+      )
+
+    AnrProfileManager(
+        fixture.options,
+        AnrProfileRotationHelper.getFileForRecording(File(fixture.options.cacheDirPath!!)),
+      )
+      .apply {
+        add(
+          AnrStackTrace(
+            1_000,
+            arrayOf(
+              StackTraceElement("com.example.MyApp", "blocked", "MyApp.java", 42),
+              StackTraceElement("android.os.Handler", "dispatchMessage", "Handler.java", 5678),
+            ),
+          )
+        )
+        close()
+      }
+    AnrProfileRotationHelper.rotate()
+
+    val scopes = mock<IScopes>()
+    whenever(scopes.captureProfileChunk(any())).thenReturn(SentryId())
+
+    mockStatic(Sentry::class.java).use { mockedSentry ->
+      mockedSentry.`when`<Any> { Sentry.getCurrentScopes() }.thenReturn(scopes)
+
+      processor.process(SentryEvent(), hint)
+
+      val chunkCaptor = argumentCaptor<ProfileChunk>()
+      verify(scopes).captureProfileChunk(chunkCaptor.capture())
+      val images = chunkCaptor.firstValue.debugMeta!!.images!!
+      assertEquals(1, images.size)
+      assertEquals(DebugImage.PROGUARD, images[0].type)
+      assertEquals("previous-uuid", images[0].uuid)
+    }
+  }
+
   @Test
   fun `does not crash when ANR profiling is enabled but cache dir is null`() {
     fixture.options.anrProfilingSampleRate = 1.0
diff --git a/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/protocol/DebugMeta.java b/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/protocol/DebugMeta.java
index 45e5fda0603..9cfdb6f5f31 100644
--- a/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/protocol/DebugMeta.java
+++ b/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/protocol/DebugMeta.java
@@ -57,6 +57,19 @@ public void setSdkInfo(final @Nullable SdkInfo sdkInfo) {
   @ApiStatus.Internal
   public static @Nullable DebugMeta buildDebugMeta(
       final @Nullable DebugMeta eventDebugMeta, final @NotNull SentryOptions options) {
+    final @NotNull List<DebugImage> optionDebugImages = createDebugImagesFromOptions(options);
+
+    if (eventDebugMeta == null && optionDebugImages.isEmpty()) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    final @NotNull DebugMeta debugMeta = eventDebugMeta != null ? eventDebugMeta : new DebugMeta();
+    addMissingDebugImages(debugMeta, optionDebugImages);
+    return debugMeta;
+  }
+
+  private static @NotNull List<DebugImage> createDebugImagesFromOptions(
+      final @NotNull SentryOptions options) {
     final @NotNull List<DebugImage> debugImages = new ArrayList<>();
 
     if (options.getProguardUuid() != null) {
@@ -73,21 +86,56 @@ public void setSdkInfo(final @Nullable SdkInfo sdkInfo) {
       debugImages.add(sourceBundleImage);
     }
 
-    if (!debugImages.isEmpty()) {
-      DebugMeta debugMeta = eventDebugMeta;
+    return debugImages;
+  }
 
-      if (debugMeta == null) {
-        debugMeta = new DebugMeta();
+  private static void addMissingDebugImages(
+      final @NotNull DebugMeta debugMeta, final @NotNull List<DebugImage> candidates) {
+    if (candidates.isEmpty()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (debugMeta.getImages() == null) {
+      debugMeta.setImages(new ArrayList<>());
+    }
+
+    final @Nullable List<DebugImage> images = debugMeta.getImages();
+    if (images == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    for (final @NotNull DebugImage candidate : candidates) {
+      if (isMissingDebugImage(images, candidate)) {
+        images.add(candidate);
       }
-      if (debugMeta.getImages() == null) {
-        debugMeta.setImages(debugImages);
-      } else {
-        debugMeta.getImages().addAll(debugImages);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static boolean isMissingDebugImage(
+      final @NotNull List<DebugImage> images, final @NotNull DebugImage candidate) {
+    for (final @NotNull DebugImage image : images) {
+      if (isMatchingDebugImage(image, candidate)) {
+        return false;
       }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
 
-      return debugMeta;
+  private static boolean isMatchingDebugImage(
+      final @NotNull DebugImage image, final @NotNull DebugImage candidate) {
+    // There can only be one ProGuard mapping per payload, so an existing ProGuard image takes
+    // precedence over the option-derived default.
+    if (DebugImage.PROGUARD.equals(candidate.getType())) {
+      return DebugImage.PROGUARD.equals(image.getType());
     }
-    return null;
+
+    if (DebugImage.JVM.equals(candidate.getType())) {
+      return DebugImage.JVM.equals(image.getType())
+          && candidate.getDebugId() != null
+          && candidate.getDebugId().equals(image.getDebugId());
+    }
+
+    return false;
   }
 
   // JsonKeys
diff --git a/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/SentryClientTest.kt b/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/SentryClientTest.kt
index fa37cb0b70b..02623556498 100644
--- a/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/SentryClientTest.kt
+++ b/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/SentryClientTest.kt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ import io.sentry.logger.ILoggerBatchProcessorFactory
 import io.sentry.metrics.IMetricsBatchProcessor
 import io.sentry.metrics.IMetricsBatchProcessorFactory
 import io.sentry.protocol.Contexts
+import io.sentry.protocol.DebugImage
+import io.sentry.protocol.DebugMeta
 import io.sentry.protocol.Feedback
 import io.sentry.protocol.Mechanism
 import io.sentry.protocol.Message
@@ -1993,6 +1995,56 @@ class SentryClientTest {
     verifyProfileChunkInEnvelope(fixture.profileChunk.chunkId)
   }
 
+  @Test
+  fun `captureProfileChunk adds options proguard debug meta`() {
+    fixture.sentryOptions.proguardUuid = "current-uuid"
+
+    val client = fixture.getSut()
+    client.captureProfileChunk(fixture.profileChunk, mock())
+
+    verify(fixture.transport)
+      .send(
+        check { actual ->
+          val profileChunk = getProfileChunkFromEnvelope(actual)
+          val images = profileChunk.debugMeta!!.images!!
+
+          assertEquals(1, images.size)
+          assertEquals(DebugImage.PROGUARD, images[0].type)
+          assertEquals("current-uuid", images[0].uuid)
+        }
+      )
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun `captureProfileChunk preserves existing proguard debug meta`() {
+    fixture.sentryOptions.proguardUuid = "current-uuid"
+    fixture.profileChunk.debugMeta =
+      DebugMeta().apply {
+        images =
+          listOf(
+            DebugImage().apply {
+              type = DebugImage.PROGUARD
+              uuid = "previous-uuid"
+            }
+          )
+      }
+
+    val client = fixture.getSut()
+    client.captureProfileChunk(fixture.profileChunk, mock())
+
+    verify(fixture.transport)
+      .send(
+        check { actual ->
+          val profileChunk = getProfileChunkFromEnvelope(actual)
+          val images = profileChunk.debugMeta!!.images!!
+
+          assertEquals(1, images.size)
+          assertEquals(DebugImage.PROGUARD, images[0].type)
+          assertEquals("previous-uuid", images[0].uuid)
+        }
+      )
+  }
+
   @Test
   fun `when captureProfileChunk with empty trace file, profile chunk is not sent`() {
     val client = fixture.getSut()
@@ -4169,6 +4221,17 @@ class SentryClientTest {
     )!!
   }
 
+  private fun getProfileChunkFromData(data: ByteArray): ProfileChunk {
+    val inputStream = InputStreamReader(ByteArrayInputStream(data))
+    return fixture.sentryOptions.serializer.deserialize(inputStream, ProfileChunk::class.java)!!
+  }
+
+  private fun getProfileChunkFromEnvelope(envelope: SentryEnvelope): ProfileChunk {
+    val profileChunkItem =
+      envelope.items.first { item -> item.header.type == SentryItemType.ProfileChunk }
+    return getProfileChunkFromData(profileChunkItem.data)
+  }
+
   private fun getReplayFromData(data: ByteArray): SentryReplayEvent? {
     val unpacker = MessagePack.newDefaultUnpacker(data)
     val mapSize = unpacker.unpackMapHeader()
diff --git a/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/protocol/DebugMetaTest.kt b/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/protocol/DebugMetaTest.kt
index 9cb8cf40946..a1c2f4edb05 100644
--- a/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/protocol/DebugMetaTest.kt
+++ b/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/protocol/DebugMetaTest.kt
@@ -57,6 +57,98 @@ class DebugMetaTest {
     }
   }
 
+  @Test
+  fun `when debug meta already has proguard image, does not attach options proguard uuid`() {
+    val options = SentryOptions().apply { proguardUuid = "current-id" }
+    val debugMeta =
+      DebugMeta.buildDebugMeta(
+        DebugMeta().apply {
+          images =
+            listOf(
+              DebugImage().apply {
+                type = DebugImage.PROGUARD
+                uuid = "existing-id"
+              }
+            )
+        },
+        options,
+      )
+
+    assertNotNull(debugMeta) {
+      assertNotNull(it.images) { images ->
+        assertEquals(1, images.size)
+        assertEquals("existing-id", images[0].uuid)
+        assertEquals(DebugImage.PROGUARD, images[0].type)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun `when debug meta already has proguard image, still attaches missing bundle ids`() {
+    val options =
+      SentryOptions().apply {
+        proguardUuid = "current-id"
+        bundleIds.add("bundle-id")
+      }
+    val debugMeta =
+      DebugMeta.buildDebugMeta(
+        DebugMeta().apply {
+          images =
+            listOf(
+              DebugImage().apply {
+                type = DebugImage.PROGUARD
+                uuid = "existing-id"
+              }
+            )
+        },
+        options,
+      )
+
+    assertNotNull(debugMeta) {
+      assertNotNull(it.images) { images ->
+        assertEquals(2, images.size)
+        assertEquals(DebugImage.PROGUARD, images[0].type)
+        assertEquals("existing-id", images[0].uuid)
+        assertEquals(DebugImage.JVM, images[1].type)
+        assertEquals("bundle-id", images[1].debugId)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun `when debug meta has unrelated debug image, attaches option debug information`() {
+    val options =
+      SentryOptions().apply {
+        proguardUuid = "proguard-id"
+        bundleIds.add("bundle-id")
+      }
+    val debugMeta =
+      DebugMeta.buildDebugMeta(
+        DebugMeta().apply {
+          images =
+            listOf(
+              DebugImage().apply {
+                type = "elf"
+                debugId = "native-id"
+              }
+            )
+        },
+        options,
+      )
+
+    assertNotNull(debugMeta) {
+      assertNotNull(it.images) { images ->
+        assertEquals(3, images.size)
+        assertEquals("elf", images[0].type)
+        assertEquals("native-id", images[0].debugId)
+        assertEquals(DebugImage.PROGUARD, images[1].type)
+        assertEquals("proguard-id", images[1].uuid)
+        assertEquals(DebugImage.JVM, images[2].type)
+        assertEquals("bundle-id", images[2].debugId)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   @Test
   fun `when event has debug meta and bundle ids are set, attaches debug information`() {
     val options = SentryOptions().apply { bundleIds.addAll(listOf("id1", "id2")) }
@@ -86,4 +178,32 @@ class DebugMetaTest {
       }
     }
   }
+
+  @Test
+  fun `when debug meta already has jvm image, only attaches missing bundle ids`() {
+    val options = SentryOptions().apply { bundleIds.addAll(listOf("id1", "id2")) }
+    val debugMeta =
+      DebugMeta.buildDebugMeta(
+        DebugMeta().apply {
+          images =
+            listOf(
+              DebugImage().apply {
+                type = DebugImage.JVM
+                debugId = "id1"
+              }
+            )
+        },
+        options,
+      )
+
+    assertNotNull(debugMeta) {
+      assertNotNull(it.images) { images ->
+        assertEquals(2, images.size)
+        assertEquals("id1", images[0].debugId)
+        assertEquals(DebugImage.JVM, images[0].type)
+        assertEquals("id2", images[1].debugId)
+        assertEquals(DebugImage.JVM, images[1].type)
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }