From 61fa309301f157288ab7ed249a4af6843cd50935 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 10:46:49 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 01/16] fix(ci): support modern uv backend in docfx and latest
 pandas in db-dtypes

---
 packages/gcp-sphinx-docfx-yaml/noxfile.py | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/gcp-sphinx-docfx-yaml/noxfile.py b/packages/gcp-sphinx-docfx-yaml/noxfile.py
index c07b64581285..59a5741a796c 100644
--- a/packages/gcp-sphinx-docfx-yaml/noxfile.py
+++ b/packages/gcp-sphinx-docfx-yaml/noxfile.py
@@ -171,7 +171,9 @@ def lint_setup_py(session):
     session.run("flake8", "setup.py")
 
 
-@nox.session(python=UNIT_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS)
+# Use virtualenv backend to prevent modern uv build isolation from failing on
+# legacy sdist dependencies (unify/untokenize)
+@nox.session(python=UNIT_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS, venv_backend="virtualenv")
 def unit(session):
     """Run unit tests."""
     # Re-enable 3.11, 3.12, and 3.13 after environment verification.

From 4ddde05a9de317f63daf57387aaba04ce79d2b5b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 10:58:34 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/16] fix(ci): use virtualenv backend for sqlalchemy-bigquery
 and restore to shard tests

Explicitly set venv_backend="virtualenv" on sqlalchemy-bigquery Nox
sessions to bypass strict PEP 621 duplicate extra name parsing in uv
under UV_PRERELEASE=allow (caused by sqlalchemy==2.1.0rc2).

Removes sqlalchemy-bigquery from EXCLUDED_PACKAGES in ci/get_package_shards.py.
---
 ci/get_package_shards.py                |  9 +--------
 packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py | 18 +++++++++---------
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/get_package_shards.py b/ci/get_package_shards.py
index d0dd4e7d4ea2..558abd4a99be 100644
--- a/ci/get_package_shards.py
+++ b/ci/get_package_shards.py
@@ -49,14 +49,7 @@
 }
 
 # Packages temporarily excluded from CI test execution.
-# NOTE: 'sqlalchemy-bigquery' is temporarily excluded to allow testing in this PR
-# to complete due to an upstream packaging issue in sqlalchemy (duplicate normalized
-# extra name 'mssql-pymssql' under strict uv PEP 621 parsing in sqlalchemy==2.1.0rc2,
-# pulled via global UV_PRERELEASE=allow). Awaiting team feedback on a long-term
-# solution (e.g. package migration out of the monorepo or adjusting workflow settings).
-EXCLUDED_PACKAGES = {
-    "sqlalchemy-bigquery",
-}
+EXCLUDED_PACKAGES = set()
 
 
 def get_package_directories():
diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py
index f9ebdeb8b331..6f53da24c95b 100644
--- a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ def install_unittest_dependencies(session, *constraints):
         session.install("-e", ".", *constraints)
 
 
-@nox.session(python=ALL_PYTHON)
+@nox.session(python=ALL_PYTHON, venv_backend="virtualenv")
 @nox.parametrize(
     "protobuf_implementation",
     ["python", "upb"],
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ def _run_system_test_logic(session, test_type):
         )
 
 
-@nox.session(python="3.12")
+@nox.session(python="3.12", venv_backend="virtualenv")
 @nox.parametrize("test_type", ["system", "system_noextras", "compliance"])
 @_calculate_duration
 def system(session, test_type):
@@ -458,21 +458,21 @@ def system(session, test_type):
     _run_system_test_logic(session, test_type)
 
 
-@nox.session(python=SYSTEM_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS)
+@nox.session(python=SYSTEM_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS, venv_backend="virtualenv")
 @_calculate_duration
 def system_noextras(session):
     """Run the system test suite without extras."""
     _run_system_test_logic(session, "system_noextras")
 
 
-@nox.session(python=SYSTEM_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS[-1])
+@nox.session(python=SYSTEM_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS[-1], venv_backend="virtualenv")
 @_calculate_duration
 def compliance(session):
     """Run the SQLAlchemy dialect-compliance system tests"""
     _run_system_test_logic(session, "compliance")
 
 
-@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION)
+@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION, venv_backend="virtualenv")
 @_calculate_duration
 def cover(session):
     """Run the final coverage report.
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ def cover(session):
     session.run("coverage", "erase")
 
 
-@nox.session(python="3.10")
+@nox.session(python="3.10", venv_backend="virtualenv")
 @_calculate_duration
 def docs(session):
     """Build the docs for this library."""
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ def docs(session):
     )
 
 
-@nox.session(python="3.10")
+@nox.session(python="3.10", venv_backend="virtualenv")
 @_calculate_duration
 def docfx(session):
     """Build the docfx yaml files for this library."""
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ def docfx(session):
     )
 
 
-@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION)
+@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION, venv_backend="virtualenv")
 @nox.parametrize(
     "protobuf_implementation",
     ["python", "upb"],
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ def mypy(session):
     session.skip("mypy tests are not yet supported")
 
 
-@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION)
+@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION, venv_backend="virtualenv")
 @nox.parametrize(
     "protobuf_implementation",
     ["python", "upb"],

From 39371daa9dca0449a0ea331ed966527c587d3302 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 11:07:38 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/16] test(db-dtypes): narrow TypeError substring matching to
 avoid false positives

Address bot review feedback by narrowing the TypeError substring check
from "not supported" to "is not supported" in exercise_any and exercise_all.
This prevents accidentally suppressing unrelated TypeErrors (e.g. comparison
or argument errors) while still matching the pandas datetime64 message
("'any'/'all' with datetime64 dtypes is not supported").
---
 packages/db-dtypes/tests/unit/test_dtypes.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/db-dtypes/tests/unit/test_dtypes.py b/packages/db-dtypes/tests/unit/test_dtypes.py
index b4039c595828..41d618190622 100644
--- a/packages/db-dtypes/tests/unit/test_dtypes.py
+++ b/packages/db-dtypes/tests/unit/test_dtypes.py
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ def exercise_any():
         try:
             return a.any()
         except TypeError as e:
-            if "does not support operation" in str(e) or "not supported" in str(e):
+            if "does not support operation" in str(e) or "is not supported" in str(e):
                 return
             raise e
 
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ def exercise_all():
         try:
             return a.all()
         except TypeError as e:
-            if "does not support operation" in str(e) or "not supported" in str(e):
+            if "does not support operation" in str(e) or "is not supported" in str(e):
                 return
             raise e
 

From b4644c3b39b95d9c6dc2e1ac295b0e6691162c36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 11:20:10 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/16] test(db-dtypes): anchor reduction TypeError check to
 datetime64 and document versions

Anchors the modern pandas TypeError check in exercise_any and exercise_all
to require 'datetime64' alongside 'is not supported'. This completely eliminates
the risk of matching unrelated TypeErrors (like comparison or argument errors).
Adds self-documenting comments detailing the expected messages across pandas
versions (<3.0 vs >=3.0) and local test mocks.
---
 packages/db-dtypes/tests/unit/test_dtypes.py | 20 ++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/db-dtypes/tests/unit/test_dtypes.py b/packages/db-dtypes/tests/unit/test_dtypes.py
index 41d618190622..c3283929101a 100644
--- a/packages/db-dtypes/tests/unit/test_dtypes.py
+++ b/packages/db-dtypes/tests/unit/test_dtypes.py
@@ -534,7 +534,15 @@ def exercise_any():
         try:
             return a.any()
         except TypeError as e:
-            if "does not support operation" in str(e) or "is not supported" in str(e):
+            # Truth reduction ('any'/'all') is disallowed on datetime64 arrays (pandas GH#34479).
+            # Known messages across pandas versions:
+            #   - pandas < 3.0:  "datetime64 type does not support operation 'any'"
+            #   - pandas >= 3.0: "'any' with datetime64 dtypes is not supported"
+            #   - test mock:     "does not support operation"
+            msg = str(e)
+            if "does not support operation" in msg or (
+                "datetime64" in msg and "is not supported" in msg
+            ):
                 return
             raise e
 
@@ -571,7 +579,15 @@ def exercise_all():
         try:
             return a.all()
         except TypeError as e:
-            if "does not support operation" in str(e) or "is not supported" in str(e):
+            # Truth reduction ('any'/'all') is disallowed on datetime64 arrays (pandas GH#34479).
+            # Known messages across pandas versions:
+            #   - pandas < 3.0:  "datetime64 type does not support operation 'all'"
+            #   - pandas >= 3.0: "'all' with datetime64 dtypes is not supported"
+            #   - test mock:     "does not support operation"
+            msg = str(e)
+            if "does not support operation" in msg or (
+                "datetime64" in msg and "is not supported" in msg
+            ):
                 return
             raise e
 

From f12d525f226025fee3c300cbcc3ee981fb40a59c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 11:28:59 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/16] chore(sqlalchemy-bigquery): add VENV_BACKEND constant
 and note explaining diversion from uv

Defines VENV_BACKEND = "virtualenv" in noxfile.py with explanatory comments
highlighting the upstream packaging issue in sqlalchemy==2.1.0rc2 (duplicate
normalized extra name 'mssql-pymssql' under strict uv PEP 621 parsing with
UV_PRERELEASE=allow). Applies VENV_BACKEND across affected sessions.
---
 packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py | 26 ++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py
index 6f53da24c95b..31c58aa4955b 100644
--- a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py
@@ -170,6 +170,11 @@ def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
 nox.options.stop_on_first_error = True
 nox.options.error_on_missing_interpreters = True
 
+# NOTE: venv_backend="virtualenv" is used to bypass an upstream packaging issue
+# in sqlalchemy (duplicate normalized extra name 'mssql-pymssql' under strict uv
+# PEP 621 parsing in sqlalchemy==2.1.0rc2, pulled via global UV_PRERELEASE=allow).
+VENV_BACKEND = "virtualenv"
+
 
 @nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION)
 @_calculate_duration
@@ -289,7 +294,10 @@ def install_unittest_dependencies(session, *constraints):
         session.install("-e", ".", *constraints)
 
 
-@nox.session(python=ALL_PYTHON, venv_backend="virtualenv")
+# NOTE: venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND is used to bypass an upstream packaging issue
+# in sqlalchemy (duplicate normalized extra name 'mssql-pymssql' under strict uv
+# PEP 621 parsing in sqlalchemy==2.1.0rc2, pulled via global UV_PRERELEASE=allow).
+@nox.session(python=ALL_PYTHON, venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
 @nox.parametrize(
     "protobuf_implementation",
     ["python", "upb"],
@@ -450,7 +458,7 @@ def _run_system_test_logic(session, test_type):
         )
 
 
-@nox.session(python="3.12", venv_backend="virtualenv")
+@nox.session(python="3.12", venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
 @nox.parametrize("test_type", ["system", "system_noextras", "compliance"])
 @_calculate_duration
 def system(session, test_type):
@@ -458,21 +466,21 @@ def system(session, test_type):
     _run_system_test_logic(session, test_type)
 
 
-@nox.session(python=SYSTEM_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS, venv_backend="virtualenv")
+@nox.session(python=SYSTEM_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS, venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
 @_calculate_duration
 def system_noextras(session):
     """Run the system test suite without extras."""
     _run_system_test_logic(session, "system_noextras")
 
 
-@nox.session(python=SYSTEM_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS[-1], venv_backend="virtualenv")
+@nox.session(python=SYSTEM_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS[-1], venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
 @_calculate_duration
 def compliance(session):
     """Run the SQLAlchemy dialect-compliance system tests"""
     _run_system_test_logic(session, "compliance")
 
 
-@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION, venv_backend="virtualenv")
+@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION, venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
 @_calculate_duration
 def cover(session):
     """Run the final coverage report.
@@ -486,7 +494,7 @@ def cover(session):
     session.run("coverage", "erase")
 
 
-@nox.session(python="3.10", venv_backend="virtualenv")
+@nox.session(python="3.10", venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
 @_calculate_duration
 def docs(session):
     """Build the docs for this library."""
@@ -524,7 +532,7 @@ def docs(session):
     )
 
 
-@nox.session(python="3.10", venv_backend="virtualenv")
+@nox.session(python="3.10", venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
 @_calculate_duration
 def docfx(session):
     """Build the docfx yaml files for this library."""
@@ -573,7 +581,7 @@ def docfx(session):
     )
 
 
-@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION, venv_backend="virtualenv")
+@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION, venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
 @nox.parametrize(
     "protobuf_implementation",
     ["python", "upb"],
@@ -697,7 +705,7 @@ def mypy(session):
     session.skip("mypy tests are not yet supported")
 
 
-@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION, venv_backend="virtualenv")
+@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION, venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
 @nox.parametrize(
     "protobuf_implementation",
     ["python", "upb"],

From 7e7314571179b01fbcd6324045825004828b9ee3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chalmer Lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 11:37:54 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/16] Apply suggestion from @chalmerlowe

---
 packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py | 3 ---
 1 file changed, 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py
index 31c58aa4955b..f929f537dce1 100644
--- a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py
@@ -294,9 +294,6 @@ def install_unittest_dependencies(session, *constraints):
         session.install("-e", ".", *constraints)
 
 
-# NOTE: venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND is used to bypass an upstream packaging issue
-# in sqlalchemy (duplicate normalized extra name 'mssql-pymssql' under strict uv
-# PEP 621 parsing in sqlalchemy==2.1.0rc2, pulled via global UV_PRERELEASE=allow).
 @nox.session(python=ALL_PYTHON, venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
 @nox.parametrize(
     "protobuf_implementation",

From 6a27c4270f8ef2a58b4fd9aa009f7ac2ec3b29da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 12:14:52 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/16] test(db-dtypes): pin pandas < 3.1.0dev0 in
 constraints-3.14.txt to isolate presubmit from pre-release breakage

---
 .../db-dtypes/testing/constraints-3.14.txt    | 35 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+)

diff --git a/packages/db-dtypes/testing/constraints-3.14.txt b/packages/db-dtypes/testing/constraints-3.14.txt
index e69de29bb2d1..4caa7e8ec2de 100644
--- a/packages/db-dtypes/testing/constraints-3.14.txt
+++ b/packages/db-dtypes/testing/constraints-3.14.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Constraints for Python 3.14
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# What is this file?
+# This file tells our package installer (like pip or uv) which specific versions
+# of external libraries it is allowed to use when running tests on Python 3.14.
+#
+# Why do we need a limit on pandas here?
+# In our automated testing environment on GitHub, the installer is configured to
+# allow "pre-releases" (early, unfinished test versions of packages, such as
+# alphas, betas, and release candidates).
+#
+# Because pandas published an early release candidate (version 3.1.0rc0), the
+# installer automatically selected that test version instead of the official,
+# stable release (version 3.0.x).
+#
+# Version 3.1 of pandas introduces several breaking changes to how custom data
+# types work (specifically, changes to the ExtensionArray interface contracts,
+# how missing values are filled with fillna(), and the removal of internal helper
+# functions like np_version_gt2).
+#
+# Updating db-dtypes to support these new pandas 3.1 changes is a separate,
+# dedicated feature effort that is being tracked in our project issue tracker.
+#
+# Until that feature work is finished and merged, this constraint makes sure
+# our regular pull request tests run against the latest official, stable release
+# of pandas (version 3.0.x), where all 1,174 compliance tests pass cleanly.
+#
+# Forward-looking tests against upcoming, unreleased versions of pandas and
+# other dependencies continue to run in our dedicated nightly pre-release
+# test suite.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+pandas < 3.1.0dev0

From c43cc6b6281a3edb6b8e8aea3cb9bdf3a2593ea7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 12:21:35 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/16] docs(db-dtypes): simplify explanatory comment in
 constraints-3.14.txt

---
 .../db-dtypes/testing/constraints-3.14.txt    | 41 ++++---------------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/db-dtypes/testing/constraints-3.14.txt b/packages/db-dtypes/testing/constraints-3.14.txt
index 4caa7e8ec2de..72e1e5759b6f 100644
--- a/packages/db-dtypes/testing/constraints-3.14.txt
+++ b/packages/db-dtypes/testing/constraints-3.14.txt
@@ -1,35 +1,10 @@
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Constraints for Python 3.14
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-#
-# What is this file?
-# This file tells our package installer (like pip or uv) which specific versions
-# of external libraries it is allowed to use when running tests on Python 3.14.
-#
-# Why do we need a limit on pandas here?
-# In our automated testing environment on GitHub, the installer is configured to
-# allow "pre-releases" (early, unfinished test versions of packages, such as
-# alphas, betas, and release candidates).
-#
-# Because pandas published an early release candidate (version 3.1.0rc0), the
-# installer automatically selected that test version instead of the official,
-# stable release (version 3.0.x).
-#
-# Version 3.1 of pandas introduces several breaking changes to how custom data
-# types work (specifically, changes to the ExtensionArray interface contracts,
-# how missing values are filled with fillna(), and the removal of internal helper
-# functions like np_version_gt2).
-#
-# Updating db-dtypes to support these new pandas 3.1 changes is a separate,
-# dedicated feature effort that is being tracked in our project issue tracker.
-#
-# Until that feature work is finished and merged, this constraint makes sure
-# our regular pull request tests run against the latest official, stable release
-# of pandas (version 3.0.x), where all 1,174 compliance tests pass cleanly.
-#
-# Forward-looking tests against upcoming, unreleased versions of pandas and
-# other dependencies continue to run in our dedicated nightly pre-release
-# test suite.
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# When testing with `pandas >= 3.1.0` (currently in pre-release as `pandas==3.1.0rc0`),
+# the `db-dtypes` compliance test suite (`tests/compliance`) fails due to upstream
+# changes in pandas internal utilities and ExtensionArray interface contracts.
+# To prevent presubmit PR CI from failing unexpectedly on developer branches, a
+# temporary ceiling constraint (`pandas < 3.1.0dev0`) was added.
+#
+# Forward-looking tests against upcoming, unreleased versions of pandas and other
+# dependencies continue to run in our dedicated pre-release test suite.
 
 pandas < 3.1.0dev0

From acc3afb3ea4c0c9abcf8285454596297c2402f01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 12:39:11 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/16] fix(sqlalchemy-bigquery): support WindowFunctionTest
 test name across SQLAlchemy versions

---
 .../test_dialect_compliance.py                             | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/sqlalchemy_dialect_compliance/test_dialect_compliance.py b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/sqlalchemy_dialect_compliance/test_dialect_compliance.py
index dde343c62429..6e5c14a68e7c 100644
--- a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/sqlalchemy_dialect_compliance/test_dialect_compliance.py
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/sqlalchemy_dialect_compliance/test_dialect_compliance.py
@@ -644,6 +644,7 @@ def test_no_results_for_non_returning_insert(cls):
     PostCompileParamsTest
 )  # BQ adds backticks to bind parameters, causing failure of tests TODO: fix this?
 del QuotedNameArgumentTest  # Quotes aren't allowed in BigQuery table names.
-del (
-    WindowFunctionTest.test_window_rows_between
-)  # test expects BQ to return sorted results
+# Test expects BQ to return sorted results (renamed to _w_caching in SQLAlchemy 2.1+)
+for _test_name in ("test_window_rows_between", "test_window_rows_between_w_caching"):
+    if hasattr(WindowFunctionTest, _test_name):
+        delattr(WindowFunctionTest, _test_name)

From 75ba6cc9fde024a25b7acccda8f7cd95b5667d4b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 16:00:35 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/16] fix(sqlalchemy-bigquery): bind compliance session to
 DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION

Replace SYSTEM_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS[-1] with DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION in the
compliance session. When preview/RC Python runtimes (e.g. 3.15) are added
to UNIT_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS and ALL_PYTHON before being installed in CI
Docker images, taking the tail index causes Nox to abort with missing
interpreter errors. DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION guarantees execution against
the repository-wide verified stable runtime.
---
 packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py
index f929f537dce1..023e62c64b5d 100644
--- a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ def system_noextras(session):
     _run_system_test_logic(session, "system_noextras")
 
 
-@nox.session(python=SYSTEM_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS[-1], venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
+@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION, venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
 @_calculate_duration
 def compliance(session):
     """Run the SQLAlchemy dialect-compliance system tests"""

From 83c728d4831ec72556e4f905cbcedfef00552966 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2026 19:22:39 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 11/16] fix(sqlalchemy-bigquery): exclude TableViaSelectTest in
 compliance tests

BigQuery requires all view definitions to qualify source tables with a
dataset. TableViaSelectTest attempts to create views without dataset
qualification, causing BigQuery to reject the DDL with a 400 DatabaseError.
Exclude TableViaSelectTest from the compliance test suite.
---
 .../sqlalchemy_dialect_compliance/test_dialect_compliance.py  | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/sqlalchemy_dialect_compliance/test_dialect_compliance.py b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/sqlalchemy_dialect_compliance/test_dialect_compliance.py
index 6e5c14a68e7c..bca5d6e39f27 100644
--- a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/sqlalchemy_dialect_compliance/test_dialect_compliance.py
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/sqlalchemy_dialect_compliance/test_dialect_compliance.py
@@ -648,3 +648,7 @@ def test_no_results_for_non_returning_insert(cls):
 for _test_name in ("test_window_rows_between", "test_window_rows_between_w_caching"):
     if hasattr(WindowFunctionTest, _test_name):
         delattr(WindowFunctionTest, _test_name)
+
+# BigQuery requires dataset qualification for views, which TableViaSelectTest does not provide.
+if "TableViaSelectTest" in globals():
+    del TableViaSelectTest

From a79d0477822cd823be5b4af47498c47b67f6a738 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2026 05:23:08 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 12/16] fix(sqlalchemy-bigquery): map DOUBLE and
 DOUBLE_PRECISION to FLOAT64

In SQLAlchemy 2.0+, Double and Float bindparams emit parameter types
such as '%(param:DOUBLE)s'. BigQuery does not recognize DOUBLE as a
valid scalar type in DB-API parameter parsing, expecting FLOAT64 instead.
Map visit_DOUBLE and visit_DOUBLE_PRECISION to visit_FLOAT in
BigQueryTypeCompiler to compile to FLOAT64.
---
 .../sqlalchemy_bigquery/base.py               |  2 +-
 .../tests/unit/test_compiler.py               | 37 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/sqlalchemy_bigquery/base.py b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/sqlalchemy_bigquery/base.py
index e2922890cea0..db11393d97ae 100644
--- a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/sqlalchemy_bigquery/base.py
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/sqlalchemy_bigquery/base.py
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ def visit_BOOLEAN(self, type_, **kw):
     def visit_FLOAT(self, type_, **kw):
         return "FLOAT64"
 
-    visit_REAL = visit_FLOAT
+    visit_REAL = visit_DOUBLE = visit_DOUBLE_PRECISION = visit_FLOAT
 
     def visit_STRING(self, type_, **kw):
         if (type_.length is not None) and isinstance(
diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/unit/test_compiler.py b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/unit/test_compiler.py
index 77f55dd7bf80..4fae78e7b1e6 100644
--- a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/unit/test_compiler.py
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/unit/test_compiler.py
@@ -450,3 +450,40 @@ def compile_custom_intersect(element, compiler, **kwargs):
 
     found_sql = q.compile(faux_conn).string
     assert found_sql == expected_sql
+
+
+def test_type_compiler_double_methods():
+    from sqlalchemy_bigquery.base import BigQueryTypeCompiler
+
+    assert BigQueryTypeCompiler.visit_DOUBLE == BigQueryTypeCompiler.visit_FLOAT
+    assert (
+        BigQueryTypeCompiler.visit_DOUBLE_PRECISION == BigQueryTypeCompiler.visit_FLOAT
+    )
+
+
+_double_types = [
+    getattr(sqlalchemy, name)
+    for name in ("DOUBLE", "DOUBLE_PRECISION", "Double")
+    if hasattr(sqlalchemy, name)
+]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not _double_types,
+    reason="DOUBLE types not present in this SQLAlchemy version",
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("type_cls", _double_types or [None])
+def test_double_types_compile_to_float64(type_cls):
+    import sqlalchemy_bigquery
+
+    dialect = sqlalchemy_bigquery.BigQueryDialect()
+    assert dialect.type_compiler.process(type_cls()) == "FLOAT64"
+
+
+def test_float_literal_pyformat_bindparam():
+    import sqlalchemy_bigquery
+
+    dialect = sqlalchemy_bigquery.BigQueryDialect(paramstyle="pyformat")
+    stmt = sqlalchemy.select(sqlalchemy.literal(15.7563))
+    compiled = stmt.compile(dialect=dialect)
+    assert "%(param_1:FLOAT64)s" in str(compiled)

From 084a8b9809b047ecdcab2c2f2102a92ad8c9addb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2026 05:35:22 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 13/16] fix(db-dtypes): handle unreachable python.org
 intersphinx inventory in docs

When docs.python.org is experiencing service degradation (e.g. 503 Service
Unavailable), sphinx-build -W treats the unreachable objects.inv inventory
as a fatal error. Conditionally attach the python mapping only when the
inventory endpoint is reachable to prevent CI doc build failures.
---
 packages/db-dtypes/docs/conf.py | 12 +++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/db-dtypes/docs/conf.py b/packages/db-dtypes/docs/conf.py
index 672dafff8ba7..ef4f0333e805 100644
--- a/packages/db-dtypes/docs/conf.py
+++ b/packages/db-dtypes/docs/conf.py
@@ -359,7 +359,6 @@
 
 # Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
 intersphinx_mapping = {
-    "python": ("https://python.readthedocs.org/en/latest/", None),
     "google-auth": ("https://googleapis.dev/python/google-auth/latest/", None),
     "google.api_core": (
         "https://googleapis.dev/python/google-api-core/latest/",
@@ -371,6 +370,17 @@
     "pandas": ("https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/", None),
 }
 
+try:
+    import urllib.request
+
+    with urllib.request.urlopen("https://docs.python.org/3/objects.inv", timeout=2):
+        intersphinx_mapping["python"] = (
+            "https://python.readthedocs.org/en/latest/",
+            None,
+        )
+except Exception:
+    pass
+
 
 # Napoleon settings
 napoleon_google_docstring = True

From b8051d552cb9465cb8f897281ef79da097173291 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2026 05:46:07 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 14/16] fix(sqlalchemy-bigquery): handle unreachable python.org
 intersphinx inventory in docs

When docs.python.org is experiencing service degradation (e.g. 503 Service
Unavailable), sphinx-build -W treats the unreachable objects.inv inventory
as a fatal error. Conditionally attach the python mapping only when the
inventory endpoint is reachable to prevent CI doc build failures.
---
 packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/docs/conf.py | 12 +++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/docs/conf.py b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/docs/conf.py
index 2a3478cc1616..35df80aeaf77 100644
--- a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/docs/conf.py
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/docs/conf.py
@@ -359,7 +359,6 @@
 
 # Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
 intersphinx_mapping = {
-    "python": ("https://python.readthedocs.org/en/latest/", None),
     "google-auth": ("https://googleapis.dev/python/google-auth/latest/", None),
     "google.api_core": (
         "https://googleapis.dev/python/google-api-core/latest/",
@@ -370,6 +369,17 @@
     "protobuf": ("https://googleapis.dev/python/protobuf/latest/", None),
 }
 
+try:
+    import urllib.request
+
+    with urllib.request.urlopen("https://docs.python.org/3/objects.inv", timeout=2):
+        intersphinx_mapping["python"] = (
+            "https://python.readthedocs.org/en/latest/",
+            None,
+        )
+except Exception:
+    pass
+
 
 # Napoleon settings
 napoleon_google_docstring = True

From 5abe3f1f4f824591976abd98a996eafbb62e0029 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2026 05:53:10 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 15/16] docs: add explanatory comment for intersphinx inventory
 fallback

---
 packages/db-dtypes/docs/conf.py           | 4 ++++
 packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/docs/conf.py | 4 ++++
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/packages/db-dtypes/docs/conf.py b/packages/db-dtypes/docs/conf.py
index ef4f0333e805..2c755cbc5cbe 100644
--- a/packages/db-dtypes/docs/conf.py
+++ b/packages/db-dtypes/docs/conf.py
@@ -370,6 +370,10 @@
     "pandas": ("https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/", None),
 }
 
+# Check reachability of the Python standard library inventory before attaching it.
+# Because Sphinx is run with `-W` (warnings as errors) in CI, an external network
+# failure or upstream outage on docs.python.org would otherwise treat the missing
+# inventory as a fatal error and fail the build.
 try:
     import urllib.request
 
diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/docs/conf.py b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/docs/conf.py
index 35df80aeaf77..b9b09445a11f 100644
--- a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/docs/conf.py
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/docs/conf.py
@@ -369,6 +369,10 @@
     "protobuf": ("https://googleapis.dev/python/protobuf/latest/", None),
 }
 
+# Check reachability of the Python standard library inventory before attaching it.
+# Because Sphinx is run with `-W` (warnings as errors) in CI, an external network
+# failure or upstream outage on docs.python.org would otherwise treat the missing
+# inventory as a fatal error and fail the build.
 try:
     import urllib.request
 

From 441b68b563f53770d52c54ee0875d173427b48eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2026 05:59:50 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 16/16] chore: move sqlalchemy-bigquery changes to dedicated PR
 #18534

---
 ci/get_package_shards.py                      |  9 ++++-
 packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/docs/conf.py     | 16 +-------
 packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py       | 23 +++++-------
 .../sqlalchemy_bigquery/base.py               |  2 +-
 .../test_dialect_compliance.py                | 11 ++----
 .../tests/unit/test_compiler.py               | 37 -------------------
 6 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 76 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/get_package_shards.py b/ci/get_package_shards.py
index 558abd4a99be..d0dd4e7d4ea2 100644
--- a/ci/get_package_shards.py
+++ b/ci/get_package_shards.py
@@ -49,7 +49,14 @@
 }
 
 # Packages temporarily excluded from CI test execution.
-EXCLUDED_PACKAGES = set()
+# NOTE: 'sqlalchemy-bigquery' is temporarily excluded to allow testing in this PR
+# to complete due to an upstream packaging issue in sqlalchemy (duplicate normalized
+# extra name 'mssql-pymssql' under strict uv PEP 621 parsing in sqlalchemy==2.1.0rc2,
+# pulled via global UV_PRERELEASE=allow). Awaiting team feedback on a long-term
+# solution (e.g. package migration out of the monorepo or adjusting workflow settings).
+EXCLUDED_PACKAGES = {
+    "sqlalchemy-bigquery",
+}
 
 
 def get_package_directories():
diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/docs/conf.py b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/docs/conf.py
index b9b09445a11f..2a3478cc1616 100644
--- a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/docs/conf.py
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/docs/conf.py
@@ -359,6 +359,7 @@
 
 # Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
 intersphinx_mapping = {
+    "python": ("https://python.readthedocs.org/en/latest/", None),
     "google-auth": ("https://googleapis.dev/python/google-auth/latest/", None),
     "google.api_core": (
         "https://googleapis.dev/python/google-api-core/latest/",
@@ -369,21 +370,6 @@
     "protobuf": ("https://googleapis.dev/python/protobuf/latest/", None),
 }
 
-# Check reachability of the Python standard library inventory before attaching it.
-# Because Sphinx is run with `-W` (warnings as errors) in CI, an external network
-# failure or upstream outage on docs.python.org would otherwise treat the missing
-# inventory as a fatal error and fail the build.
-try:
-    import urllib.request
-
-    with urllib.request.urlopen("https://docs.python.org/3/objects.inv", timeout=2):
-        intersphinx_mapping["python"] = (
-            "https://python.readthedocs.org/en/latest/",
-            None,
-        )
-except Exception:
-    pass
-
 
 # Napoleon settings
 napoleon_google_docstring = True
diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py
index 023e62c64b5d..f9ebdeb8b331 100644
--- a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/noxfile.py
@@ -170,11 +170,6 @@ def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
 nox.options.stop_on_first_error = True
 nox.options.error_on_missing_interpreters = True
 
-# NOTE: venv_backend="virtualenv" is used to bypass an upstream packaging issue
-# in sqlalchemy (duplicate normalized extra name 'mssql-pymssql' under strict uv
-# PEP 621 parsing in sqlalchemy==2.1.0rc2, pulled via global UV_PRERELEASE=allow).
-VENV_BACKEND = "virtualenv"
-
 
 @nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION)
 @_calculate_duration
@@ -294,7 +289,7 @@ def install_unittest_dependencies(session, *constraints):
         session.install("-e", ".", *constraints)
 
 
-@nox.session(python=ALL_PYTHON, venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
+@nox.session(python=ALL_PYTHON)
 @nox.parametrize(
     "protobuf_implementation",
     ["python", "upb"],
@@ -455,7 +450,7 @@ def _run_system_test_logic(session, test_type):
         )
 
 
-@nox.session(python="3.12", venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
+@nox.session(python="3.12")
 @nox.parametrize("test_type", ["system", "system_noextras", "compliance"])
 @_calculate_duration
 def system(session, test_type):
@@ -463,21 +458,21 @@ def system(session, test_type):
     _run_system_test_logic(session, test_type)
 
 
-@nox.session(python=SYSTEM_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS, venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
+@nox.session(python=SYSTEM_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS)
 @_calculate_duration
 def system_noextras(session):
     """Run the system test suite without extras."""
     _run_system_test_logic(session, "system_noextras")
 
 
-@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION, venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
+@nox.session(python=SYSTEM_TEST_PYTHON_VERSIONS[-1])
 @_calculate_duration
 def compliance(session):
     """Run the SQLAlchemy dialect-compliance system tests"""
     _run_system_test_logic(session, "compliance")
 
 
-@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION, venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
+@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION)
 @_calculate_duration
 def cover(session):
     """Run the final coverage report.
@@ -491,7 +486,7 @@ def cover(session):
     session.run("coverage", "erase")
 
 
-@nox.session(python="3.10", venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
+@nox.session(python="3.10")
 @_calculate_duration
 def docs(session):
     """Build the docs for this library."""
@@ -529,7 +524,7 @@ def docs(session):
     )
 
 
-@nox.session(python="3.10", venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
+@nox.session(python="3.10")
 @_calculate_duration
 def docfx(session):
     """Build the docfx yaml files for this library."""
@@ -578,7 +573,7 @@ def docfx(session):
     )
 
 
-@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION, venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
+@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION)
 @nox.parametrize(
     "protobuf_implementation",
     ["python", "upb"],
@@ -702,7 +697,7 @@ def mypy(session):
     session.skip("mypy tests are not yet supported")
 
 
-@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION, venv_backend=VENV_BACKEND)
+@nox.session(python=DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION)
 @nox.parametrize(
     "protobuf_implementation",
     ["python", "upb"],
diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/sqlalchemy_bigquery/base.py b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/sqlalchemy_bigquery/base.py
index db11393d97ae..e2922890cea0 100644
--- a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/sqlalchemy_bigquery/base.py
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/sqlalchemy_bigquery/base.py
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ def visit_BOOLEAN(self, type_, **kw):
     def visit_FLOAT(self, type_, **kw):
         return "FLOAT64"
 
-    visit_REAL = visit_DOUBLE = visit_DOUBLE_PRECISION = visit_FLOAT
+    visit_REAL = visit_FLOAT
 
     def visit_STRING(self, type_, **kw):
         if (type_.length is not None) and isinstance(
diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/sqlalchemy_dialect_compliance/test_dialect_compliance.py b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/sqlalchemy_dialect_compliance/test_dialect_compliance.py
index bca5d6e39f27..dde343c62429 100644
--- a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/sqlalchemy_dialect_compliance/test_dialect_compliance.py
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/sqlalchemy_dialect_compliance/test_dialect_compliance.py
@@ -644,11 +644,6 @@ def test_no_results_for_non_returning_insert(cls):
     PostCompileParamsTest
 )  # BQ adds backticks to bind parameters, causing failure of tests TODO: fix this?
 del QuotedNameArgumentTest  # Quotes aren't allowed in BigQuery table names.
-# Test expects BQ to return sorted results (renamed to _w_caching in SQLAlchemy 2.1+)
-for _test_name in ("test_window_rows_between", "test_window_rows_between_w_caching"):
-    if hasattr(WindowFunctionTest, _test_name):
-        delattr(WindowFunctionTest, _test_name)
-
-# BigQuery requires dataset qualification for views, which TableViaSelectTest does not provide.
-if "TableViaSelectTest" in globals():
-    del TableViaSelectTest
+del (
+    WindowFunctionTest.test_window_rows_between
+)  # test expects BQ to return sorted results
diff --git a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/unit/test_compiler.py b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/unit/test_compiler.py
index 4fae78e7b1e6..77f55dd7bf80 100644
--- a/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/unit/test_compiler.py
+++ b/packages/sqlalchemy-bigquery/tests/unit/test_compiler.py
@@ -450,40 +450,3 @@ def compile_custom_intersect(element, compiler, **kwargs):
 
     found_sql = q.compile(faux_conn).string
     assert found_sql == expected_sql
-
-
-def test_type_compiler_double_methods():
-    from sqlalchemy_bigquery.base import BigQueryTypeCompiler
-
-    assert BigQueryTypeCompiler.visit_DOUBLE == BigQueryTypeCompiler.visit_FLOAT
-    assert (
-        BigQueryTypeCompiler.visit_DOUBLE_PRECISION == BigQueryTypeCompiler.visit_FLOAT
-    )
-
-
-_double_types = [
-    getattr(sqlalchemy, name)
-    for name in ("DOUBLE", "DOUBLE_PRECISION", "Double")
-    if hasattr(sqlalchemy, name)
-]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(
-    not _double_types,
-    reason="DOUBLE types not present in this SQLAlchemy version",
-)
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("type_cls", _double_types or [None])
-def test_double_types_compile_to_float64(type_cls):
-    import sqlalchemy_bigquery
-
-    dialect = sqlalchemy_bigquery.BigQueryDialect()
-    assert dialect.type_compiler.process(type_cls()) == "FLOAT64"
-
-
-def test_float_literal_pyformat_bindparam():
-    import sqlalchemy_bigquery
-
-    dialect = sqlalchemy_bigquery.BigQueryDialect(paramstyle="pyformat")
-    stmt = sqlalchemy.select(sqlalchemy.literal(15.7563))
-    compiled = stmt.compile(dialect=dialect)
-    assert "%(param_1:FLOAT64)s" in str(compiled)