diff --git a/ICSharpCode.Decompiler/Metadata/UniversalAssemblyResolver.cs b/ICSharpCode.Decompiler/Metadata/UniversalAssemblyResolver.cs
index afee1ed2b7..acb7c0d08d 100644
--- a/ICSharpCode.Decompiler/Metadata/UniversalAssemblyResolver.cs
+++ b/ICSharpCode.Decompiler/Metadata/UniversalAssemblyResolver.cs
@@ -238,8 +238,7 @@ internal static (TargetFrameworkIdentifier, Version) ParseTargetFramework(string
 
 			try
 			{
-				FileStream stream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
-				return new PEFile(fileName, stream, streamOptions, metadataOptions);
+				return LoadModuleFromFile(fileName);
 			}
 			catch (BadImageFormatException ex)
 			{
@@ -254,6 +253,19 @@ internal static (TargetFrameworkIdentifier, Version) ParseTargetFramework(string
 			return null;
 		}
 
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Loads the module stored at <paramref name="fileName"/>, once the file for a reference
+		/// has been found. Override to accept file formats other than a plain PE image. Throws
+		/// <see cref="BadImageFormatException"/> or <see cref="IOException"/> for a file that is
+		/// not a loadable module; the caller turns that into null or a
+		/// <see cref="ResolutionException"/> according to the throwOnError setting.
+		/// </summary>
+		protected virtual MetadataFile LoadModuleFromFile(string fileName)
+		{
+			FileStream stream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+			return new PEFile(fileName, stream, streamOptions, metadataOptions);
+		}
+
 		public Task<MetadataFile?> ResolveAsync(IAssemblyReference name)
 		{
 			return Task.Run(() => Resolve(name));
diff --git a/ICSharpCode.ILSpyCmd.Tests/XamarinCompressedInputTests.cs b/ICSharpCode.ILSpyCmd.Tests/XamarinCompressedInputTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe3acff157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ICSharpCode.ILSpyCmd.Tests/XamarinCompressedInputTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Christoph Wille
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this
+// software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software
+// without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+// publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons
+// to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
+// substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
+// INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
+// FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+using ICSharpCode.Decompiler.Metadata;
+
+using K4os.Compression.LZ4;
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+using static ICSharpCode.ILSpyCmd.Tests.CliTestRunner;
+
+namespace ICSharpCode.ILSpyCmd.Tests
+{
+	/// <summary>
+	/// A Xamarin.Android app ships every assembly LZ4-compressed behind a 12-byte "XALZ" header.
+	/// These tests lay out a directory the way such an app does - the input assembly and the
+	/// assembly it references, both compressed - because decompiling one file of an app only
+	/// gives good output when its references next to it load too.
+	/// </summary>
+	[TestFixture]
+	public class ILSpyCmdXamarinCompressedInputTests
+	{
+		// Magic used for the Xamarin compressed module header ('XALZ', little-endian).
+		const uint CompressedDataMagic = 0x5A4C4158;
+
+		string tempDirectory;
+		string compressedInputPath;
+
+		[OneTimeSetUp]
+		public void CreateCompressedAssemblies()
+		{
+			tempDirectory = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), Path.GetRandomFileName());
+			Directory.CreateDirectory(tempDirectory);
+
+			string inputAssembly = typeof(ILSpyCmdXamarinCompressedInputTests).Assembly.Location;
+			string referencedAssembly = typeof(TargetFrameworkIdentifier).Assembly.Location;
+			compressedInputPath = WriteCompressed(inputAssembly);
+			WriteCompressed(referencedAssembly);
+		}
+
+		[OneTimeTearDown]
+		public void DeleteCompressedAssemblies()
+		{
+			if (tempDirectory != null && Directory.Exists(tempDirectory))
+				Directory.Delete(tempDirectory, recursive: true);
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Writes the XALZ form of <paramref name="assemblyPath"/> into the temp directory under
+		/// the same file name, so references resolve by name next to the input, and returns it.
+		/// </summary>
+		string WriteCompressed(string assemblyPath)
+		{
+			byte[] original = File.ReadAllBytes(assemblyPath);
+			byte[] compressed = new byte[LZ4Codec.MaximumOutputSize(original.Length)];
+			int compressedLength = LZ4Codec.Encode(original, 0, original.Length, compressed, 0, compressed.Length);
+
+			string path = Path.Combine(tempDirectory, Path.GetFileName(assemblyPath));
+			using var stream = File.Create(path);
+			using var writer = new BinaryWriter(stream, Encoding.UTF8, leaveOpen: true);
+			writer.Write(CompressedDataMagic);
+			writer.Write((uint)0); // descriptor table index, unused by the loader
+			writer.Write((uint)original.Length);
+			writer.Write(compressed, 0, compressedLength);
+			return path;
+		}
+
+		[Test]
+		public async Task CompressedInputIsDecompiled()
+		{
+			var result = await RunAsync(compressedInputPath, "--disable-updatecheck",
+				"-m", "M:ICSharpCode.ILSpyCmd.Tests.MemberOptionSample.Add(System.Int32,System.Int32)");
+
+			Assert.That(result.ExitCode, Is.EqualTo(0), result.Error);
+			Assert.That(result.Output, Does.Contain("int Add(int a, int b)"));
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// An enum from an unresolved reference is an unknown type, so a comparison against one of
+		/// its members prints as a cast of the raw value. The member name appearing proves the
+		/// compressed reference was loaded.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Test]
+		public async Task CompressedReferenceIsResolved()
+		{
+			var result = await RunAsync(compressedInputPath, "--disable-updatecheck",
+				"-m", "M:ICSharpCode.ILSpyCmd.Tests.XamarinReferenceSample.IsCore(ICSharpCode.Decompiler.Metadata.TargetFrameworkIdentifier)");
+
+			Assert.That(result.ExitCode, Is.EqualTo(0), result.Error);
+			Assert.That(result.Output, Does.Contain("id == TargetFrameworkIdentifier.NETCoreApp"));
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static class XamarinReferenceSample
+	{
+		public static bool IsCore(TargetFrameworkIdentifier id)
+		{
+			return id == TargetFrameworkIdentifier.NETCoreApp;
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/ICSharpCode.ILSpyCmd/IlspyCmdProgram.cs b/ICSharpCode.ILSpyCmd/IlspyCmdProgram.cs
index 19974fbd8b..b311cc883a 100644
--- a/ICSharpCode.ILSpyCmd/IlspyCmdProgram.cs
+++ b/ICSharpCode.ILSpyCmd/IlspyCmdProgram.cs
@@ -557,16 +557,26 @@ PEFile LoadInputModule(string assemblyFileName, bool applyWinRTProjections = tru
 			return InputFileLoader.Load(assemblyFileName, BundleEntryName, applyWinRTProjections);
 		}
 
-		CSharpDecompiler GetDecompiler(string assemblyFileName) => GetDecompiler(assemblyFileName, out _);
-
-		CSharpDecompiler GetDecompiler(string assemblyFileName, out DecompilerSettings settings)
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Resolves the references of <paramref name="module"/> from next to the input file, the
+		/// -r directories, and the usual framework locations.
+		/// </summary>
+		UniversalAssemblyResolver CreateResolver(string assemblyFileName, PEFile module)
 		{
-			var module = LoadInputModule(assemblyFileName);
-			var resolver = new UniversalAssemblyResolver(assemblyFileName, false, module.Metadata.DetectTargetFrameworkId());
+			var resolver = new FileLoaderAssemblyResolver(assemblyFileName, module.Metadata.DetectTargetFrameworkId());
 			foreach (var path in (ReferencePaths ?? Array.Empty<string>()))
 			{
 				resolver.AddSearchDirectory(path);
 			}
+			return resolver;
+		}
+
+		CSharpDecompiler GetDecompiler(string assemblyFileName) => GetDecompiler(assemblyFileName, out _);
+
+		CSharpDecompiler GetDecompiler(string assemblyFileName, out DecompilerSettings settings)
+		{
+			var module = LoadInputModule(assemblyFileName);
+			var resolver = CreateResolver(assemblyFileName, module);
 			settings = GetSettings(module);
 			if (!settings.ApplyWindowsRuntimeProjections)
 			{
@@ -617,9 +627,7 @@ int ExtractResource(string assemblyFileName, string resourceName, TextWriter out
 			bool isBaml = resourceName.EndsWith(".baml", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
 			if (isBaml && value is byte[] bamlBytes)
 			{
-				var resolver = new UniversalAssemblyResolver(assemblyFileName, false, module.Metadata.DetectTargetFrameworkId());
-				foreach (var path in (ReferencePaths ?? Array.Empty<string>()))
-					resolver.AddSearchDirectory(path);
+				var resolver = CreateResolver(assemblyFileName, module);
 				var bamlSettings = new BamlDecompilerSettings {
 					ThrowOnAssemblyResolveErrors = GetSettings(module).ThrowOnAssemblyResolveErrors
 				};
@@ -788,11 +796,7 @@ int ExitCodeForDecompilationErrors()
 		ProjectId DecompileAsProject(string assemblyFileName, string projectFileName)
 		{
 			var module = LoadInputModule(assemblyFileName);
-			var resolver = new UniversalAssemblyResolver(assemblyFileName, false, module.Metadata.DetectTargetFrameworkId());
-			foreach (var path in (ReferencePaths ?? Array.Empty<string>()))
-			{
-				resolver.AddSearchDirectory(path);
-			}
+			var resolver = CreateResolver(assemblyFileName, module);
 			var settings = GetSettings(module);
 			var debugInfo = TryLoadPDB(module);
 			WholeProjectDecompiler decompiler;
diff --git a/ICSharpCode.ILSpyCmd/InputFileLoader.cs b/ICSharpCode.ILSpyCmd/InputFileLoader.cs
index 91be93d359..d95a189695 100644
--- a/ICSharpCode.ILSpyCmd/InputFileLoader.cs
+++ b/ICSharpCode.ILSpyCmd/InputFileLoader.cs
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public static PEFile Load(string fileName, string entryName, bool applyWinRTProj
 			return new PEFile(fileName, metadataOptions: MetadataOptions(context));
 		}
 
-		static LoadResult LoadFile(string fileName, FileLoadContext context)
+		internal static LoadResult LoadFile(string fileName, FileLoadContext context)
 		{
 			using var stream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
 			foreach (var loader in loaders.RegisteredLoaders)
@@ -222,4 +222,25 @@ static MetadataReaderOptions MetadataOptions(FileLoadContext context)
 				: MetadataReaderOptions.None;
 		}
 	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Resolves references the way the input file is loaded: a referenced file goes through the
+	/// file loaders first, so a Xamarin compressed module (or any other format a loader
+	/// understands) next to the input resolves like a plain assembly. A file no loader claims
+	/// is loaded as a PE image, as the base resolver does.
+	/// </summary>
+	sealed class FileLoaderAssemblyResolver : UniversalAssemblyResolver
+	{
+		static readonly FileLoadContext context = new FileLoadContext(ApplyWinRTProjections: true, null);
+
+		public FileLoaderAssemblyResolver(string mainAssemblyFileName, string targetFramework)
+			: base(mainAssemblyFileName, throwOnError: false, targetFramework)
+		{
+		}
+
+		protected override MetadataFile LoadModuleFromFile(string fileName)
+		{
+			return InputFileLoader.LoadFile(fileName, context)?.MetadataFile ?? base.LoadModuleFromFile(fileName);
+		}
+	}
 }