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Linux basic commands

📝 List/Change directory

Command Description
ls list directory contents
ls -a list directory contents / do not ignore entries starting with .
ls -lisa ...
cd Change the shell working directory
cd .. ...

📂 Touch/Make directory

Command Description
touch FILE Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time. A FILE argument that does not exist is created empty
mkdir Make directories. Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist
mkdir -p DIR/SUB_DIR --parents: no error if existing, make parent directories as needed
mkdir -p chapter_{3..20}/{1,2,3,4,5,6} Create multiple directories with subdirectories

📂 Copy/Move directory

Command Description
cp SOURCE DEST Copy files and directories
cp -r SOURCE DEST Copy files and directories recursive
mv SOURCE DEST Move (rename) files

📂 Remove directory

Command Description
rm FILE Remove files or directories
rm -i FILE -i : prompt before every removal
rm -r FILE -r : ... recursive

🔎 Find directory

Command Description
find DIR -type TYPE Find by TPYE (b c d f l p s )
find DIR -size SIZE Find by SIZE (9M)
find DIR -iname REGEX Find by ... Example: '*.txt'
find DIR -mtime -2 Files modificats o creats els darrers dies
find DIR -name FILE.EXT Find by name

✂️ Grep

Command Description

grep "texto" /home/ *.txt // dins un directori grep -r "texto" /home/ *.txt // dins un directori recursivament

grep -r "texto" /home/

grep -i "texto" nombre-del-archivo // TEXTO dins arxiu IGNORANT MAYUS O NO

grep ^# nombre-del-archivo // comentaris d'un determinat arxiu

🔑 Chmod

Command Description
chmod NUM FILE Change permissions, octal notation: owner, group, others (755, 644)

🔒 Zip / Unzip - Rar / Unrar

Command Description
zip OUTPUT.zip INPUT Package and compress (archive) files
unzip Extract a .zip archive

tar czf archivo-comprimido.tar.gz nombre-del-archivo1 nombre-del-archivo2 tar cjf archivo-comprimido.tar.bz2 nombre-del-archivo1 nombre-del-archivo2 tar cJf archivo-comprimido.tar.xz nombre-del-archivo1 nombre-del-archivo2

tar tvf name.tar.gz // LLISTAR

unzip -d .. name.zip // DESCOMPRIMIR

tar -xvf archivo-comprimido.tar.gz

sudo apt-get install rar
sudo apt-get install unrar

DESCOMPRIMIR unrar x name.rar unrar x nombre_del_rar.rar /ruta/destino/descomprimido

🗃️ Others

Command Description
pwd Print name of current/working directory
clear Clear the terminal screen
man Reference manuals
ln -s DIR LINK_NAME Make links between files

⚠️ Shutdown

Command Description
shutdown -r now Reboot immediately
shutdown -h 10:00 Schedule a halt at a given time

📝 Documentation

Command Description
man COMMAND Reference manuals
whatis COMMAND Display one-line manual page descriptions
info COMMAND Read info documents

🔈 Protocols

Command Description
ssh Open a shell on a remote host
telnet Plain-text remote connection; useful to test whether a port answers, never for real access
sftp Transfer files over SSH