diff --git a/app/models/solid_queue/batch.rb b/app/models/solid_queue/batch.rb
index ad94387ca..edc2bc178 100644
--- a/app/models/solid_queue/batch.rb
+++ b/app/models/solid_queue/batch.rb
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ def initialize(message = "The batches schema hasn't been installed yet. Run `bin
     end
 
     include Callbacks, Status
-    include Clearable, Sweepable
+    include Clearable, Sweepable, Rollbackable
 
     has_many :jobs
     has_many :batch_executions, dependent: :destroy
@@ -72,6 +72,10 @@ def enqueue(&block)
           ActiveRecord.after_all_transactions_commit { start }
         end
       end
+
+      discard_if_enclosing_transactions_roll_back
+
+      self
     end
 
     def metadata
diff --git a/app/models/solid_queue/batch/rollbackable.rb b/app/models/solid_queue/batch/rollbackable.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fda039dec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/models/solid_queue/batch/rollbackable.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module SolidQueue
+  class Batch
+    # A batch created inside an application transaction is written on Solid Queue's
+    # own connection, so when that's a different connection, the batch commits as
+    # soon as it's enqueued and an application rollback never reaches it. The batch
+    # row survives, and so does every job in it that wasn't deferred until commit.
+    #
+    # Maintenance can't tell such a batch from one whose creating process crashed
+    # after enqueueing jobs, so it eventually starts it, finds nothing pending,
+    # completes it, and fires its callbacks for work that was rolled back.
+    #
+    # Registering cleanup on the transactions the batch *doesn't* participate in
+    # closes that gap: if any of them rolls back, the batch and its jobs go with it.
+    # When Solid Queue shares the application's connection there's nothing to
+    # register—the batch is already inside that transaction and rolls back with it.
+    module Rollbackable
+      extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+      private
+        def discard_if_enclosing_transactions_roll_back
+          enclosing_transactions.each do |transaction|
+            transaction.after_rollback { discard_after_rollback }
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Open transactions the batch's own writes aren't part of. Comparing pools
+        # rather than databases is deliberate: a queue database configured to point
+        # at the same database as the app still gets its own connection, and so
+        # still commits independently.
+        # Rails 7.1 has no transaction rollback hooks, so batches there keep the
+        # old behaviour: a rolled-back batch is left behind for maintenance.
+        def enclosing_transactions
+          return [] unless ActiveRecord.respond_to?(:all_open_transactions)
+
+          ActiveRecord.all_open_transactions.reject { |transaction| transaction.connection.pool == self.class.connection_pool }
+        end
+
+        def discard_after_rollback
+          SolidQueue.instrument(:discard_rolled_back_batch, batch_id: id, jobs: 0, claimed_jobs: 0) do |payload|
+            payload[:claimed_jobs] = claimed_job_ids.size
+            payload[:jobs] = discard_rolled_back_jobs
+            Batch.where(id: id).delete_all
+          end
+        rescue ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError => e
+          SolidQueue.instrument(:discard_rolled_back_batch_error, batch_id: id, error: e)
+        end
+
+        # A job a worker already picked up can't be recalled, so leave it be: it's
+        # reported in the instrumentation payload instead. Everything else goes,
+        # and the executions cascade with it.
+        def discard_rolled_back_jobs
+          Job.where(batch_id: id).where.not(id: claimed_job_ids).destroy_all.size
+        end
+
+        def claimed_job_ids
+          @claimed_job_ids ||= ClaimedExecution.where(job_id: Job.where(batch_id: id).select(:id)).pluck(:job_id)
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/test/models/solid_queue/batch_test.rb b/test/models/solid_queue/batch_test.rb
index 8dab723d7..08b54d9d7 100644
--- a/test/models/solid_queue/batch_test.rb
+++ b/test/models/solid_queue/batch_test.rb
@@ -487,6 +487,89 @@ def perform; end
     assert batch.reload.finished?
   end
 
+  test "a batch created in a transaction that rolls back is discarded with its jobs" do
+    skip "Rails 7.1 has no transaction rollback hooks" unless ActiveRecord.respond_to?(:all_open_transactions)
+
+    batch = nil
+
+    JobResult.transaction do
+      JobResult.create!(queue_name: "default", status: "")
+      batch = SolidQueue::Batch.enqueue(on_success: BatchCompletionJob) { NiceJob.perform_later("world") }
+      raise ActiveRecord::Rollback
+    end
+
+    assert_nil SolidQueue::Batch.find_by(id: batch.id)
+    assert_empty SolidQueue::Job.where(batch_id: batch.id)
+    assert_empty SolidQueue::Job.where(class_name: NiceJob.name)
+  end
+
+  test "a batch with no jobs yet is discarded when its transaction rolls back" do
+    skip "Rails 7.1 has no transaction rollback hooks" unless ActiveRecord.respond_to?(:all_open_transactions)
+
+    batch = nil
+
+    JobResult.transaction do
+      JobResult.create!(queue_name: "default", status: "")
+      batch = SolidQueue::Batch.enqueue(on_success: BatchCompletionJob) { }
+      raise ActiveRecord::Rollback
+    end
+
+    assert_nil SolidQueue::Batch.find_by(id: batch.id)
+  end
+
+  test "a batch created in a rolled-back savepoint is discarded" do
+    skip "Rails 7.1 has no transaction rollback hooks" unless ActiveRecord.respond_to?(:all_open_transactions)
+
+    batch = nil
+
+    JobResult.transaction do
+      JobResult.create!(queue_name: "default", status: "")
+
+      JobResult.transaction(requires_new: true) do
+        batch = SolidQueue::Batch.enqueue { NiceJob.perform_later("world") }
+        raise ActiveRecord::Rollback
+      end
+    end
+
+    assert_nil SolidQueue::Batch.find_by(id: batch.id)
+    assert_empty SolidQueue::Job.where(class_name: NiceJob.name)
+  end
+
+  test "a batch created in a transaction that commits is left alone" do
+    skip "Rails 7.1 has no transaction rollback hooks" unless ActiveRecord.respond_to?(:all_open_transactions)
+
+    batch = nil
+
+    JobResult.transaction do
+      JobResult.create!(queue_name: "default", status: "")
+      batch = SolidQueue::Batch.enqueue { NiceJob.perform_later("world") }
+    end
+
+    assert batch.reload.enqueued?
+    assert_equal 1, batch.total_jobs
+    assert_equal 1, SolidQueue::Job.where(batch_id: batch.id).count
+  end
+
+  test "a rolled-back batch leaves jobs a worker already claimed alone" do
+    skip "Rails 7.1 has no transaction rollback hooks" unless ActiveRecord.respond_to?(:all_open_transactions)
+
+    batch = nil
+    claimed = nil
+
+    JobResult.transaction do
+      JobResult.create!(queue_name: "default", status: "")
+      batch = SolidQueue::Batch.enqueue { NiceJob.perform_later("world") }
+      claimed = SolidQueue::ReadyExecution.claim("*", 1, 42)
+      raise ActiveRecord::Rollback
+    end
+
+    # Configurations that defer enqueues have no job to claim inside the transaction
+    skip "enqueues are deferred here, so there was nothing to claim" if claimed.empty?
+
+    assert_nil SolidQueue::Batch.find_by(id: batch.id)
+    assert_equal 1, SolidQueue::Job.where(class_name: NiceJob.name).count
+  end
+
   test "conflict-discarded jobs count the same for single and bulk enqueues" do
     result1 = JobResult.create!(queue_name: "default", status: "")
     batch1 = SolidQueue::Batch.enqueue do