diff --git a/design/prose-tests.md b/design/prose-tests.md
index 1d44caf0c..a2b324fde 100644
--- a/design/prose-tests.md
+++ b/design/prose-tests.md
@@ -84,6 +84,19 @@ testing.
   and the stubs, and returns a transcript. The asserter sees the
   transcript, the expected path, and the world delta — never the
   reverse.
+- **P4b — the asserter is told which substitutions were armed.** The
+  recorded actions show a stub as the walker writing a file an agent
+  would have produced; without knowing the stub exists, an asserter
+  reads that as a missing dispatch and fails a walk that behaved
+  correctly. Measured: it did exactly that on the first round with
+  recording live. Armed stubs now reach the asserter with their
+  triggers.
+- **P4c — assert what actions and state can prove.** A claim about
+  something *displayed* cannot be evidenced by the action log, because
+  emitting text is not a tool call — it rests on the walker's
+  narrative, the one piece of evidence it authors itself. Most display
+  claims have a consequence that can be asserted instead: the answer
+  consumed, the arm taken, the state produced. Prefer the consequence.
 - **P4a — substitutions are declared and marked.** A stub is named
   content; the case arming it owns the trigger, so one stub serves
   many moments. The walker records `SUBSTITUTED:` for each, and the
@@ -196,6 +209,22 @@ testing.
 
 ## Log
 
+- 2026-07-26 — The first round that found more prose than instrument.
+  Recording finally live (the blocker was `hasTrustDialogAccepted`, which
+  gates frontmatter hooks in project subagents and fails silently), five
+  cases run: one clean PASS, **two confirmed prose defects**, one case of
+  mine at fault, one framework gap. The defects: every handoff arm was
+  meant to say "invoke the skill" and four across three entry skills did
+  not — the walker found one, enumeration found the rest; and
+  `environment-check.md` opened with "information gathering only" then
+  told the entry to write and commit the setup document the processing
+  skill also writes, so whichever ran first won and the other silently
+  no-opped. Neither is visible to a unit test or the simulation, because
+  neither reads prose. The framework gap was mine and is closed (P4b):
+  the asserter saw a stub's Write as a missing agent dispatch. The
+  residual limit is P4c — display claims have no machine evidence, and
+  that is a property of the medium rather than a bug.
+
 - 2026-07-25 — First real runs, and the nested-agent shape. The framework
   executed end to end for the first time: a Sonnet walker followed
   root-cause-validation.md against a live world — real engine calls, the
diff --git a/tests/prose/README.md b/tests/prose/README.md
index e2c7d2cf4..575586ea6 100644
--- a/tests/prose/README.md
+++ b/tests/prose/README.md
@@ -68,6 +68,16 @@ reason. Write "casing conventions load before the boot pipeline", not
 "Step 0.1 before Step 0.2". Anchors in `case.json` are substring
 fragments matched against heading text (`#Boot` matches "Step 0.2: Boot").
 
+**Assert what actions and state can prove.** A claim about something
+*displayed* — "offers the choice and waits", "emits the summary block" —
+can never be evidenced by the action log, because emitting text is not a
+tool call. Those claims rest on the walker's narrative, which is the one
+piece of evidence it authors itself. Most have a consequence that can be
+asserted instead: the answer that was consumed, the arm that was taken,
+the state that resulted. Prefer the consequence; keep display claims for
+where the display genuinely is the behaviour under test, and expect them
+to be the weakest line in the case.
+
 **Scope `files` tightly** — selection and the PR-end suggestion run off it.
 
 ## Stubs
diff --git a/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/act.md b/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/act.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 115963792..000000000
--- a/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/act.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-Execute the initialisation portion of skills/workflow-start/SKILL.md
-from its first step — sandbox concerns do not apply in this world, so
-run any command it prescribes directly. Stop once initialisation is
-complete and the skill would move on to showing the user's work.
diff --git a/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/assert.md b/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/assert.md
deleted file mode 100644
index b91fedd12..000000000
--- a/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/assert.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-The prose should have taken this path:
-
-1. loads the shared casing conventions before any state is read
-2. runs the boot pipeline as a single engine call
-3. the response reports no migrations applied — this world is already
-   migrated — so the migrations summary and its confirmation gate are
-   not raised, and the skill says so rather than stopping
-4. the response reports the knowledge base ready, so the knowledge gate
-   is not entered and initialisation completes
-
-Further claims:
-
-- booting an already-migrated project changes nothing on disk
-- the user is asked nothing: neither gate in initialisation can fire
-  against a world that is already migrated and already has a store
diff --git a/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/case.json b/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/case.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 047c10686..000000000
--- a/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/case.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "origin": "framework smoke — world build, engine-in-world, world comparison",
-  "files": [
-    "skills/workflow-start/SKILL.md#Boot"
-  ]
-}
diff --git a/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/fixture-state.cjs b/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/fixture-state.cjs
deleted file mode 100644
index 8e39fface..000000000
--- a/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/fixture-state.cjs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-// A bare installed project: migrations applied, knowledge base set up
-// keyword-only, no work units at all.
-
-module.exports = {
-  build(h) {
-    h.knowledge('setup', '--keyword-only');
-    h.engine('boot');
-  },
-};
diff --git a/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/fixture/.claude/settings.json b/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/fixture/.claude/settings.json
deleted file mode 100644
index ae019ede5..000000000
--- a/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/fixture/.claude/settings.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "showClearContextOnPlanAccept": true,
-  "permissions": {
-    "allow": [
-      "Edit(.workflows/**)",
-      "Bash(mv .workflows/:*)"
-    ]
-  }
-}
diff --git a/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/fixture/.recipe-hash b/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/fixture/.recipe-hash
deleted file mode 100644
index 27528f6e9..000000000
--- a/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/fixture/.recipe-hash
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-e75a843d66eafa8a47fd143e1e3b2eb41e0a6b7b2b2d225753bec1cdee9892c5
diff --git a/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/fixture/.workflows/.state/migrations b/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/fixture/.workflows/.state/migrations
deleted file mode 100644
index 3c7162acc..000000000
--- a/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/fixture/.workflows/.state/migrations
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-001
-002
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-010
-011
-012
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diff --git a/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/fixture/.workflows/_gitignore.fixture b/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/fixture/.workflows/_gitignore.fixture
deleted file mode 100644
index 779cbf28a..000000000
--- a/tests/prose/cases/smoke-boot-in-world/fixture/.workflows/_gitignore.fixture
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-.cache/
-.manifest.json.*.tmp
diff --git a/tests/prose/lib/prompts.cjs b/tests/prose/lib/prompts.cjs
index 87e65cf5d..50a13107e 100644
--- a/tests/prose/lib/prompts.cjs
+++ b/tests/prose/lib/prompts.cjs
@@ -75,11 +75,12 @@ function walkerPrompt({ worldDir, root, situation, task, scope, stubs, answers }
   return `${parts.join('\n\n')}\n`;
 }
 
-function asserterPrompt({ expected, world, actions }) {
+function asserterPrompt({ expected, world, actions, substitutions }) {
   const t = loadTemplate('asserter');
   const parts = [fill(t.main, { expected })];
   if (world) parts.push(fill(t.world, { expecting: world.expecting, delta: world.delta }));
   if (actions) parts.push(fill(t.actions, { actions }));
+  if (substitutions) parts.push(fill(t.substitutions, { substitutions }));
   parts.push(t.transcript);
   return `${parts.join('\n\n')}\n`;
 }
diff --git a/tests/prose/prompts/asserter.md b/tests/prose/prompts/asserter.md
index 5e680e730..c4eaa036e 100644
--- a/tests/prose/prompts/asserter.md
+++ b/tests/prose/prompts/asserter.md
@@ -29,6 +29,16 @@ not have edited or omitted from it. This is what the walk *did*.
 
 {{actions}}
 
+=== substitutions ===
+
+HARNESS SUBSTITUTIONS the case armed for this walk. Where the recorded
+actions show the walker doing one of these itself — writing a report an
+agent would have produced, for instance — that IS the substitution, and
+it is expected. The absence of a real agent dispatch alongside it is not
+a missing step.
+
+{{substitutions}}
+
 === transcript ===
 
 The walk's own account follows under `=== TRANSCRIPT ===`. It is the
diff --git a/tests/prose/run.cjs b/tests/prose/run.cjs
index 03c655125..8464a9d33 100644
--- a/tests/prose/run.cjs
+++ b/tests/prose/run.cjs
@@ -167,7 +167,13 @@ function cmdAssert(argv) {
         + '(hasTrustDialogAccepted). Do not judge this run.');
     }
   }
-  process.stdout.write(prompts.asserterPrompt({ expected: c.assert, world, actions }));
+  const substitutions = c.stubs.length
+    ? c.stubs.map((s) => {
+      const stub = cases.readStub(s.name);
+      return `- ${s.name} — fires ${s.trigger}\n  ${stub.description.replace(/\n/g, '\n  ')}`;
+    }).join('\n')
+    : null;
+  process.stdout.write(prompts.asserterPrompt({ expected: c.assert, world, actions, substitutions }));
 }
 
 // --- snap / verify --------------------------------------------------------