fix(cli): generated SQL migrations give timestamp columns their time zone (#16070)

* fix(cli): generated SQL migrations give timestamp columns their time zone (#15521)

`os generate migration --format sql` spelled its two audit-stamp columns, and
every declared `datetime` field, as bare `TIMESTAMP`. On PostgreSQL that is
`timestamp WITHOUT time zone`, while both other producers of the same columns
yield `timestamptz`: driver-sql's `createAuditTimestampColumn` and this CLI's
own TypeScript migration format both build them with knex's `table.timestamp`,
and `createColumn`'s `datetime` arm states the zone-aware column as a decision —
"Postgres deliberately keeps `table.timestamp` -> `timestamptz`".

Driven rather than compiled: all three producers were run against a live
PostgreSQL 16.13 and their columns read back out of
`information_schema.columns`. Only the SQL format came back zone-naive. The
consequence is a data defect, not a cosmetic type difference: a zone-naive
column stores the wall clock of whatever session wrote the row, and
`DEFAULT now()` is folded into that session's TimeZone on the way in. Two
defaulted rows inserted six milliseconds apart, one under `TimeZone='UTC'` and
one under `Asia/Tokyo`, were recorded nine hours apart in the generated table
and 3 ms apart in the driver's own.

The whole temporal class was enumerated in the same run and `datetime` is its
only divergent member; `date` and `time` already agreed on all three producers,
so neither moves.

The nullability half of #15521 is deliberately untouched — the driver leaves
both audit columns nullable, both generators say NOT NULL, nothing fails either
way, and the driver's audit DDL is dialect-branched in a way a Postgres-
flavoured generated migration does not reproduce. It stays recorded, with the
`now()` / `CURRENT_TIMESTAMP` default spelling beside it, in
generate-builtin-id-column.pin.test.ts.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01D47qPfEWVPmhguWgBZCi5N

* docs(changeset): cite ADR-0053 D-B4 as the governing decision (#15521)

Contract review corrected the AUTHORITY behind this change, not its answer.
The changeset cited driver-sql's own comment; the decision it implements is
ADR-0053 D-B4 (accepted), whose resolution states both sites in one sentence:
`Field.datetime` maps to DATETIME(3) on MySQL while "Postgres deliberately
keeps timestamptz", and "the builtin created_at/updated_at take the same type
-- the registry declares them Field.datetime".

So the declared-field row and the audit-stamp rows belong in one diff by
decision rather than by this seat's judgement, and a reader of the release
notes does not have to reconstruct that from a driver source comment.

Changeset prose only. No code, no pin, no test and no FIELD_TYPE_SQL_MAP entry
moves; the nullability and now()/CURRENT_TIMESTAMP rows stay untouched and open
with the maintainer.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01D47qPfEWVPmhguWgBZCi5N

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: os-litant

.changeset/generated-migration-audit-stamp-timestamptz.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+"@objectstack/cli": patch
+---
+
+`os generate migration --format sql` gives every timestamp column the time zone the platform actually stores.
+
+The SQL format spelled its two audit-stamp columns — and every declared `datetime` field — as bare `TIMESTAMP`. In PostgreSQL that is `timestamp WITHOUT time zone`, while both of the other producers of the same columns yield `timestamptz`. This implements **[ADR-0053](../docs/adr/0053-date-and-datetime-semantics.md) D-B4** (accepted), which governs both sites in one sentence: `Field.datetime` maps to `DATETIME(3)` on MySQL while "Postgres deliberately keeps `timestamptz`", and "the builtin `created_at`/`updated_at` take the same type — the registry declares them `Field.datetime`". So the declared-field row and the audit-stamp rows are one decision rather than two judgement calls, and `driver-sql`'s `createAuditTimestampColumn`, its `createColumn` `datetime` arm and this CLI's TypeScript migration format were already implementing it — the SQL format was the one producer that was not.
+
+Driven, not compiled: all three producers were run against a live PostgreSQL 16.13 and their columns read back out of `information_schema.columns`. Only the SQL format came back zone-naive, and the consequence is a data defect rather than a cosmetic type difference. A zone-naive column stores the wall clock of whatever session wrote the row and keeps nothing to recover the offset from, and `DEFAULT now()` is folded into that session's `TimeZone` on the way in. Two defaulted rows inserted **six milliseconds apart**, one under `TimeZone='UTC'` and one under `Asia/Tokyo`, were recorded **nine hours apart** in the generated table and 3 ms apart in the driver's own:
+
+```
+sqlgen (timestamp)    a_utc    2026-09-05 22:31:28.309421
+sqlgen (timestamp)    b_tokyo  2026-09-06 07:31:28.315458      <- +9h, same instant
+tsgen  (timestamptz)  a_utc    2026-09-05 22:31:28.31332+00
+tsgen  (timestamptz)  b_tokyo  2026-09-05 22:31:28.316401+00
+```
+
+The whole temporal class was enumerated in that same run and `datetime` is its only divergent member: `date` is `DATE` and `time` is `TIME` on all three producers, so neither moves.
+
+Two things this deliberately does not change. The audit columns' **nullability** stays as it is: the driver leaves both nullable and both generators say `NOT NULL`, nothing fails either way, and the driver's own audit DDL is dialect-branched in a way a Postgres-flavoured generated migration does not reproduce — so which side moves is a ruling, recorded in `generate-builtin-id-column.pin.test.ts` and still open. The `DEFAULT now()` spelling stays too: it is the same instant as the driver's `CURRENT_TIMESTAMP` (both are `transaction_timestamp()`) and only reads differently in the catalog.
+
+Scope for an existing project: already-generated migration files are checked-in artifacts and are not rewritten, and no deployed column is altered — a table created from an older generated migration keeps `timestamp without time zone` until its owner migrates it. What changes is what the next generated migration says.

packages/cli/src/commands/generate-builtin-id-column.pin.test.ts

@@ -44,11 +44,24 @@
  * That pin covers the FIELDS; this one covers the builtin column itself, which
  * is not a vocabulary entry and so had no rule anywhere.
  *
- * ## ⚠️ Recorded divergence, NOT a ruling: the audit-stamp columns (#15040)
+ * ## The audit-stamp columns: one half ruled (#15521), one half still recorded
  *
- * The last `it` below records — and deliberately does not correct — a THIRD
- * disagreement measured in the same pass. It is recorded so it cannot change
- * shape unnoticed, and so no reader mistakes this file for having decided it.
+ * #15040 measured a THIRD disagreement in the same pass and recorded it here
+ * without correcting it. #15521 split that record in two and ruled only the
+ * half that was decidable:
+ *
+ *   TYPE — RULED. The sql format spelled both columns bare `TIMESTAMP`
+ *   (`timestamp WITHOUT time zone`) while the driver and the typescript format
+ *   both build them with knex's `table.timestamp` = `timestamptz`. Driven on a
+ *   live PostgreSQL 16.13: two defaulted rows inserted 6 ms apart under
+ *   different session timezones landed NINE HOURS apart in the zone-naive
+ *   column and 3 ms apart in the aware one. One producer of three was wrong and
+ *   nothing had to be decided, so the sql format moved.
+ *
+ *   NULLABILITY (and the `now()` / `CURRENT_TIMESTAMP` default spelling) —
+ *   STILL RECORDED, still not ruled: the driver leaves both columns nullable
+ *   and both generators say NOT NULL. Nothing fails either way, so which side
+ *   moves is a ruling #15521 holds open.
  */
 
 import fs from 'node:fs';
@@ -173,40 +186,79 @@ describe('the builtin id column both migration generators emit (#15040)', () =>
     }
   });
 
-  // ── Recorded divergence, NOT coverage, and NOT a ruling ──────────────────
+  // ── #15521, the TYPE half: ruled, and now asserted as agreement ────────
+  //
+  // Bare `TIMESTAMP` is `timestamp WITHOUT time zone`. Both knex producers of
+  // these same two columns — `driver-sql`'s `createAuditTimestampColumn` and
+  // `generateMigrationTs`'s `table.timestamps(true, true)` — yield
+  // `timestamptz`. Read back out of `information_schema.columns` on a live
+  // PostgreSQL 16.13, all three producers driven:
   //
-  // Measured in the same pass as the id column, on the same two generators.
-  // The audit-stamp columns disagree with the driver too, in a way the id
-  // column did not, and the disagreement is NULLABILITY rather than type:
+  //   driver   created_at  timestamp with time zone     null=YES  default=CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
+  //   ts gen   created_at  timestamp with time zone     null=NO   default=CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
+  //   sql gen  created_at  timestamp without time zone  null=NO   default=now()
   //
-  //   driver-sql   `table.timestamp(name).defaultTo(knex.fn.now())`  (nullable)
-  //   sql gen      `"created_at" TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now()`
-  //   ts gen       `table.timestamps(true, true)` — knex 3.3.0 compiles this
-  //                to `.notNullable().defaultTo(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)` on both
-  //                columns (`knex/lib/schema/tablebuilder.js`).
+  // Asserted as AGREEMENT with the driver rather than as the literal
+  // `TIMESTAMPTZ` alone: the driver's builder is read where it lives, so the day
+  // it stops emitting a knex `table.timestamp` this fails here instead of
+  // leaving the generators quietly wrong again — the same discipline the id
+  // column above already uses for its width.
+  it('#15521 — the audit columns take the driver\'s zone-AWARE type in both generators', () => {
+    const sql = generateMigrationSql(CONFIG as Record<string, unknown>);
+    for (const col of ['created_at', 'updated_at']) {
+      expect(sql).toContain(`"${col}" TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()`);
+      // `\b` discriminates: `TIMESTAMPTZ` is not a match for `TIMESTAMP\b`.
+      expect(
+        sql,
+        `the sql format spells ${col} zone-NAIVE again — a defaulted row then records the ` +
+        'wall clock of whatever session wrote it, with nothing left to recover the offset from',
+      ).not.toMatch(new RegExp(`"${col}" TIMESTAMP\\b`));
+    }
+    // Anti-vacuity: the predicate really does fire on the shape this replaced.
+    expect('  "created_at" TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now()').toMatch(/"created_at" TIMESTAMP\b/);
+    // The authority, read where it lives — both knex paths, neither transcribed.
+    expect(
+      SQL_DRIVER_SOURCE,
+      'driver-sql no longer builds the audit columns with knex\'s `table.timestamp`, which is ' +
+      'what makes them `timestamptz` on Postgres. Re-read #15521 before trusting the ' +
+      'generators\' TIMESTAMPTZ.',
+    ).toContain('table.timestamp(name).defaultTo(this.knex.fn.now());');
+    expect(generateMigrationTs(CONFIG as Record<string, unknown>)).toContain('table.timestamps(true, true);');
+  });
+
+  // ── #15521, the NULLABILITY half: recorded, NOT coverage, and NOT a ruling ──
   //
-  // Compiled offline against knex's pg dialect, the two shapes are:
+  // The driver leaves both columns nullable; both generators say NOT NULL:
   //
-  //   driver  "created_at" timestamptz default CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
-  //   ts gen  "created_at" timestamptz not null default CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
+  //   driver-sql   `table.timestamp(name).defaultTo(knex.fn.now())`   (nullable)
+  //   sql gen      `"created_at" TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()`
+  //   ts gen       `table.timestamps(true, true)` — knex 3.3.0 compiles this to
+  //                `.notNullable().defaultTo(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)` on both columns
+  //                (`knex/lib/schema/tablebuilder.js`), which the live-Postgres
+  //                catalog read above confirms as `null=NO`.
   //
-  // Unlike the id column this is not obviously a wrong value: the driver stamps
-  // both columns on every write, so NOT NULL is arguably the truer constraint —
-  // and the driver's own DDL is dialect-branched (`datetime(3)` on MySQL, a
+  // Unlike the type half this is not a wrong value: the driver stamps both
+  // columns on every write, so NOT NULL is arguably the truer constraint, and
+  // the driver's own audit DDL is dialect-branched (`datetime(3)` on MySQL, a
   // canonical ISO default on SQLite) in a way a Postgres-flavoured generated
-  // migration does not try to reproduce. Which side moves is not this card's to
-  // decide, so nothing here changes those lines. Asserted only so the
-  // divergence cannot change shape unnoticed.
-  it('#15040 record — the audit-stamp columns diverge from the driver, deliberately unresolved', () => {
+  // migration does not try to reproduce — so "match the driver byte for byte"
+  // is not even well-defined across dialects. Which side moves is #15521's to
+  // decide; nothing here changes those lines.
+  //
+  // The DEFAULT spelling rides with it: this generator's `now()` and the
+  // driver's `CURRENT_TIMESTAMP` are the same instant (both are
+  // `transaction_timestamp()`), but Postgres keeps them textually apart in the
+  // catalog, so they are two rows of the same schema-diff noise.
+  it('#15521 record — the audit columns\' NULLABILITY diverges, deliberately unresolved', () => {
     const sql = generateMigrationSql(CONFIG as Record<string, unknown>);
-    expect(sql).toContain('"created_at" TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now()');
-    expect(sql).toContain('"updated_at" TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now()');
+    expect(sql).toContain('"created_at" TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()');
+    expect(sql).toContain('"updated_at" TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()');
     expect(generateMigrationTs(CONFIG as Record<string, unknown>)).toContain('table.timestamps(true, true);');
     // The driver side, read where it lives: one audit-column builder, and its
     // default arm carries no `.notNullable()`.
     expect(
       SQL_DRIVER_SOURCE,
-      'driver-sql\'s audit-column DDL moved — re-read the #15040 record above before trusting it.',
+      'driver-sql\'s audit-column DDL moved — re-read the #15521 record above before trusting it.',
     ).toContain('table.timestamp(name).defaultTo(this.knex.fn.now());');
     const auditArm = SQL_DRIVER_SOURCE.slice(
       SQL_DRIVER_SOURCE.indexOf('protected createAuditTimestampColumn('),

packages/cli/src/commands/generate-field-type-vocabulary.pin.test.ts

@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ describe('#14828 — the SQL answers are the platform’s, not this file’s inv
   it('a member typed as a STRING on the record never takes a NUMERIC column', () => {
     // ⚠️ Deliberately "not numeric" rather than "is a character column".
     // `date` / `datetime` / `time` are strings on the record and take DATE /
-    // TIMESTAMP / TIME columns, which is correct — a rule demanding a varchar
+    // TIMESTAMPTZ / TIME columns, which is correct — a rule demanding a varchar
     // would report those three as defects. What `autonumber` did is the
     // narrower thing: a rendered string in a column that only accepts numbers.
     const NUMERIC_COLUMN = /^(SERIAL|BIGSERIAL|SMALLSERIAL|INTEGER|INT|BIGINT|SMALLINT|DECIMAL|NUMERIC|REAL|FLOAT|DOUBLE)\b/i;
@@ -571,6 +571,52 @@ describe('#14828 — the SQL answers are the platform’s, not this file’s inv
     expect(tsColumn('autonumber')).toBe("table.string('f_autonumber')");
   });
 
+  // ── Rule 5: the TEMPORAL class takes the driver's own column types (#15521) ──
+  //
+  // The whole class, driven against a live PostgreSQL 16.13 — every producer
+  // run for real and its columns read back out of `information_schema.columns`
+  // — and exactly one member diverged:
+  //
+  //   date      DATE                         driver DATE          ts DATE          agree
+  //   datetime  timestamp WITHOUT time zone  driver timestamptz   ts timestamptz   DIVERGED
+  //   time      time without time zone       driver time          ts time          agree
+  //
+  // `datetime` was the only bare `TIMESTAMP` in this map, and bare `TIMESTAMP`
+  // is `timestamp WITHOUT time zone`: the column stores the wall clock of
+  // whatever session wrote the row and keeps nothing to recover the offset
+  // from. `createColumn`'s own arm calls the zone-aware column a decision
+  // rather than a default ("Postgres deliberately keeps `table.timestamp` →
+  // `timestamptz`"), and this file's typescript generator already emitted
+  // `table.timestamp` for it — so the SQL map was one producer of three
+  // disagreeing with the other two, which is what #15521 corrected.
+  //
+  // Asserted against the driver's arm rather than against the literal, for the
+  // reason Rule 3 already gives: a transcribed `TIMESTAMPTZ` would re-create the
+  // defect one layer up the day the driver's arm moves.
+
+  it('the temporal members take the column type the driver builds for them', () => {
+    // The driver's non-MySQL arms, read where they live. `table.timestamp` is
+    // `timestamptz` on Postgres; `table.date` and `table.time` are their plain
+    // selves, which is why only `datetime` had a time zone to lose.
+    expect(createColumnArm('datetime')).toContain('table.timestamp(name)');
+    expect(createColumnArm('date')).toContain('table.date(name)');
+    expect(createColumnArm('time')).toContain('table.time(name)');
+
+    expect(sqlColumn('datetime')).toBe('TIMESTAMPTZ');
+    expect(sqlColumn('date')).toBe('DATE');
+    expect(sqlColumn('time')).toBe('TIME');
+
+    // The third producer agrees by construction — the same knex builders.
+    expect(tsColumn('datetime')).toBe("table.timestamp('f_datetime')");
+    expect(tsColumn('date')).toBe("table.date('f_date')");
+    expect(tsColumn('time')).toBe("table.time('f_time')");
+
+    // Anti-vacuity: the reader really discriminates, and the pre-#15521
+    // spelling really is a different answer rather than a formatting variant.
+    expect(sqlColumn('datetime')).not.toBe('TIMESTAMP');
+    expect(sqlColumn('this_is_not_a_field_type')).toBeNull();
+  });
+
   // ── Recorded divergence, NOT coverage: FILE_REFERENCE_TYPES (#15041) ─────
   //
   // These five are in driver-sql's `JSON_COLUMN_TYPES` (it spreads the class by

packages/cli/src/commands/generate.ts

@@ -1014,7 +1014,23 @@ const FIELD_TYPE_SQL_MAP: Record<string, string | null> = {
   percent: 'DECIMAL(5,2)',
   boolean: 'BOOLEAN',
   date: 'DATE',
-  datetime: 'TIMESTAMP',
+  // #15521 — TIMESTAMPTZ, not TIMESTAMP, for the same reason and with the same
+  // measured consequence as the audit-stamp columns in `generateMigrationSql`
+  // below: bare `TIMESTAMP` is `timestamp WITHOUT time zone`, while the driver
+  // creates a declared `Field.datetime` as `table.timestamp(name)` = knex's
+  // `timestamptz`. `createColumn`'s `datetime` arm states that as a decision,
+  // not an accident — "Postgres deliberately keeps `table.timestamp` →
+  // `timestamptz`: asking for precision 3 there would REDUCE it from
+  // microseconds" — and this file's OWN typescript generator already emitted
+  // `table.timestamp` for it, so the SQL format was one producer of three
+  // disagreeing with the other two. Measured on live PostgreSQL 16.13, a
+  // `datetime` field: driver `timestamp with time zone`, ts format `timestamp
+  // with time zone`, this map `timestamp without time zone`.
+  //
+  // The whole temporal class was enumerated in that same run, and it is the only
+  // member that diverged: `date` is DATE and `time` is TIME on all three
+  // producers, so neither moves.
+  datetime: 'TIMESTAMPTZ',
   time: 'TIME',
   email: 'VARCHAR(255)',
   phone: 'VARCHAR(50)',
@@ -1200,8 +1216,40 @@ export function generateMigrationSql(config: Record<string, unknown>): string {
       fieldLines.push(`  "${fieldName}" ${sqlType}${notNull}`);
     }
 
-    fieldLines.push('  "created_at" TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now()');
-    fieldLines.push('  "updated_at" TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT now()');
+    // #15521 — TIMESTAMPTZ, not TIMESTAMP. Bare `TIMESTAMP` is `timestamp
+    // WITHOUT time zone`; both knex producers of these same two columns —
+    // `driver-sql`'s `createAuditTimestampColumn` and `generateMigrationTs`
+    // below — yield `timestamptz`. Driven rather than compiled: all three were
+    // run against a live PostgreSQL 16.13 and the columns read back out of
+    // `information_schema.columns`, where this literal was the only one that
+    // came back zone-naive.
+    //
+    //   driver   created_at  timestamp with time zone     null=YES  default=CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
+    //   ts gen   created_at  timestamp with time zone     null=NO   default=CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
+    //   sql gen  created_at  timestamp without time zone  null=NO   default=now()    <- this line
+    //
+    // Not a cosmetic type nit. A zone-naive column stores the wall clock of
+    // whatever session wrote the row and keeps nothing to recover the offset
+    // from, and `DEFAULT now()` is folded into that session's `TimeZone` on the
+    // way in. Two defaulted rows inserted SIX MILLISECONDS apart, one under
+    // `TimeZone='UTC'` and one under `Asia/Tokyo`, were recorded NINE HOURS
+    // apart in the generated table and 3 ms apart in the driver's own:
+    //
+    //   sqlgen (timestamp)    a_utc    2026-09-05 22:31:28.309421
+    //   sqlgen (timestamp)    b_tokyo  2026-09-06 07:31:28.315458   <- +9h, same instant
+    //   tsgen  (timestamptz)  a_utc    2026-09-05 22:31:28.31332+00
+    //   tsgen  (timestamptz)  b_tokyo  2026-09-05 22:31:28.316401+00
+    //
+    // ⚠️ The NOT NULL half of #15521 is deliberately NOT touched here. The
+    // driver leaves both columns nullable and both generators say NOT NULL;
+    // which side moves is a ruling that card holds open, and it is a different
+    // shape of question — nothing fails either way. `DEFAULT now()` is likewise
+    // left alone: it is the same instant as the driver's `CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`
+    // (both are `transaction_timestamp()`), it only reads differently in the
+    // catalog. `generate-builtin-id-column.pin.test.ts` records both of those,
+    // still unresolved, beside this half now resolved.
+    fieldLines.push('  "created_at" TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()');
+    fieldLines.push('  "updated_at" TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()');
     lines.push(fieldLines.join(',\n'));
     lines.push(');');
     lines.push('');