diff --git a/Doc/library/os.rst b/Doc/library/os.rst
index 7b043f257ca0b5..535c9633401794 100644
--- a/Doc/library/os.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/os.rst
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ process and user.
    the groups of which the specified username is a member, plus the specified
    group id.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.2
 
@@ -610,21 +610,21 @@ process and user.
 
    Set the current process's effective group id.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
 
 
 .. function:: seteuid(euid, /)
 
    Set the current process's effective user id.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
 
 
 .. function:: setgid(gid, /)
 
    Set the current process' group id.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
 
 
 .. function:: setgroups(groups, /)
@@ -718,14 +718,14 @@ process and user.
 
    Set the current process's real and effective group ids.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
 
 
 .. function:: setresgid(rgid, egid, sgid, /)
 
    Set the current process's real, effective, and saved group ids.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not macOS, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not macOS, not iOS.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.2
 
@@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ process and user.
 
    Set the current process's real, effective, and saved user ids.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android, not macOS, not iOS.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not macOS, not iOS.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.2
 
@@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ process and user.
 
    Set the current process's real and effective user ids.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
 
 
 .. function:: getsid(pid, /)
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ process and user.
 
    Set the current process's user id.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
 
 
 .. placed in this section since it relates to errno.... a little weak
@@ -2304,7 +2304,7 @@ features:
 
    Change the root directory of the current process to *path*.
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI, not Android.
+   .. availability:: Unix, not WASI.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.6
       Accepts a :term:`path-like object`.
diff --git a/Doc/library/socket.rst b/Doc/library/socket.rst
index 836aa91bb0885b..40c463e11b04c3 100644
--- a/Doc/library/socket.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/socket.rst
@@ -1372,7 +1372,7 @@ The :mod:`!socket` module also offers various network-related services:
 
    .. audit-event:: socket.sethostname name socket.sethostname
 
-   .. availability:: Unix, not Android.
+   .. availability:: Unix.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
diff --git a/Modules/posixmodule.c b/Modules/posixmodule.c
index 57db175336702e..fd865ddacf42e2 100644
--- a/Modules/posixmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/posixmodule.c
@@ -4400,6 +4400,14 @@ static PyObject *
 os_chroot_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=de80befc763a4475 input=14822965652c3dc3]*/
 {
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+    // On Android, calling this function as a non-root user leads to a process crash
+    // rather than returning a permission error.
+    if (getuid() != 0) {
+        errno = EPERM;
+        return path_error(path);
+    }
+#endif
     int res;
     Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
     res = chroot(path->narrow);
@@ -9855,6 +9863,14 @@ os_initgroups_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *oname, gid_t gid)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=59341244521a9e3f input=7e4514dff4526a95]*/
 #endif
 {
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+    // On Android, calling this function as a non-root user leads to a process crash
+    // rather than returning a permission error.
+    if (getuid() != 0) {
+        errno = EPERM;
+        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
+    }
+#endif
     const char *username = PyBytes_AS_STRING(oname);
 
     if (initgroups(username, gid) == -1)
@@ -10278,6 +10294,14 @@ static PyObject *
 os_setuid_impl(PyObject *module, uid_t uid)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=a0a41fd0d1ec555f input=c921a3285aa22256]*/
 {
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+    // On Android, calling this function as a non-root user leads to a process crash
+    // rather than returning a permission error.
+    if (getuid() != 0) {
+        errno = EPERM;
+        return posix_error();
+    }
+#endif
     if (setuid(uid) < 0)
         return posix_error();
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -10299,6 +10323,14 @@ static PyObject *
 os_seteuid_impl(PyObject *module, uid_t euid)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=102e3ad98361519a input=ba93d927e4781aa9]*/
 {
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+    // On Android, calling this function as a non-root user leads to a process crash
+    // rather than returning a permission error.
+    if (getuid() != 0) {
+        errno = EPERM;
+        return posix_error();
+    }
+#endif
     if (seteuid(euid) < 0)
         return posix_error();
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -10320,6 +10352,14 @@ static PyObject *
 os_setegid_impl(PyObject *module, gid_t egid)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=4e4b825a6a10258d input=4080526d0ccd6ce3]*/
 {
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+    // On Android, calling this function as a non-root user leads to a process crash
+    // rather than returning a permission error.
+    if (getuid() != 0) {
+        errno = EPERM;
+        return posix_error();
+    }
+#endif
     if (setegid(egid) < 0)
         return posix_error();
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -10342,6 +10382,14 @@ static PyObject *
 os_setreuid_impl(PyObject *module, uid_t ruid, uid_t euid)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=62d991210006530a input=0ca8978de663880c]*/
 {
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+    // On Android, calling this function as a non-root user leads to a process crash
+    // rather than returning a permission error.
+    if (getuid() != 0) {
+        errno = EPERM;
+        return posix_error();
+    }
+#endif
     if (setreuid(ruid, euid) < 0) {
         return posix_error();
     } else {
@@ -10366,6 +10414,14 @@ static PyObject *
 os_setregid_impl(PyObject *module, gid_t rgid, gid_t egid)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=aa803835cf5342f3 input=c59499f72846db78]*/
 {
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+    // On Android, calling this function as a non-root user leads to a process crash
+    // rather than returning a permission error.
+    if (getuid() != 0) {
+        errno = EPERM;
+        return posix_error();
+    }
+#endif
     if (setregid(rgid, egid) < 0)
         return posix_error();
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -10386,6 +10442,14 @@ static PyObject *
 os_setgid_impl(PyObject *module, gid_t gid)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=bdccd7403f6ad8c3 input=27d30c4059045dc6]*/
 {
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+    // On Android, calling this function as a non-root user leads to a process crash
+    // rather than returning a permission error.
+    if (getuid() != 0) {
+        errno = EPERM;
+        return posix_error();
+    }
+#endif
     if (setgid(gid) < 0)
         return posix_error();
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -15390,6 +15454,14 @@ static PyObject *
 os_setresuid_impl(PyObject *module, uid_t ruid, uid_t euid, uid_t suid)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=834a641e15373e97 input=9e33cb79a82792f3]*/
 {
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+    // On Android, calling this function as a non-root user leads to a process crash
+    // rather than returning a permission error.
+    if (getuid() != 0) {
+        errno = EPERM;
+        return posix_error();
+    }
+#endif
     if (setresuid(ruid, euid, suid) < 0)
         return posix_error();
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -15413,6 +15485,14 @@ static PyObject *
 os_setresgid_impl(PyObject *module, gid_t rgid, gid_t egid, gid_t sgid)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=6aa402f3d2e514a9 input=33e9e0785ef426b1]*/
 {
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+    // On Android, calling this function as a non-root user leads to a process crash
+    // rather than returning a permission error.
+    if (getuid() != 0) {
+        errno = EPERM;
+        return posix_error();
+    }
+#endif
     if (setresgid(rgid, egid, sgid) < 0)
         return posix_error();
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
diff --git a/Modules/socketmodule.c b/Modules/socketmodule.c
index ada4fda6571049..872734235e8883 100644
--- a/Modules/socketmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/socketmodule.c
@@ -5947,6 +5947,15 @@ socket_sethostname(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
     Py_buffer buf;
     int res, flag = 0;
 
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+    // On Android, calling this function as a non-root user leads to a process crash
+    // rather than returning a permission error.
+    if (getuid() != 0) {
+        errno = EPERM;
+        return set_error();
+    }
+#endif
+
 #if defined(_AIX) || (defined(__sun) && defined(__SVR4) && Py_SUNOS_VERSION <= 510)
 /* issue #18259, sethostname is not declared in any useful header file on AIX
  * the same is true for Solaris 10 */
diff --git a/configure b/configure
index 01faef615a3d5e..0d087cf5450839 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -20005,14 +20005,9 @@ printf "%s\n" "$MACHDEP_OBJS" >&6; }
 fi
 
 if test "$ac_sys_system" = "Linux-android"; then
-  # When these functions are used in an unprivileged process, they crash rather
-  # than returning an error.
-  blocked_funcs="chroot initgroups setegid seteuid setgid sethostname
-    setregid setresgid setresuid setreuid setuid"
-
   # These functions are unimplemented and always return an error
   # (https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/sepolicy/+/refs/heads/android13-release/public/domain.te#1044)
-  blocked_funcs="$blocked_funcs sem_open sem_unlink"
+  blocked_funcs="sem_open sem_unlink"
 
   # Before API level 23, when fchmodat is called with the unimplemented flag
   # AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW, instead of returning ENOTSUP as it should, it actually
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index a9fe5c269618fc..62009021646273 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -5381,14 +5381,9 @@ else
 fi
 
 if test "$ac_sys_system" = "Linux-android"; then
-  # When these functions are used in an unprivileged process, they crash rather
-  # than returning an error.
-  blocked_funcs="chroot initgroups setegid seteuid setgid sethostname
-    setregid setresgid setresuid setreuid setuid"
-
   # These functions are unimplemented and always return an error
   # (https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/sepolicy/+/refs/heads/android13-release/public/domain.te#1044)
-  blocked_funcs="$blocked_funcs sem_open sem_unlink"
+  blocked_funcs="sem_open sem_unlink"
 
   # Before API level 23, when fchmodat is called with the unimplemented flag
   # AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW, instead of returning ENOTSUP as it should, it actually