binwalk

binwalk

Binwalk is a fast, easy to use tool for analyzing and extracting firmware images.

http://binwalk.org/

I was able to install binwalk using both apt-get and brew on ubuntu and OSX respectively.

Running binwalk on binaries has proven useful in challenges such as "R.I.P. Transmission". It's just a matter of running binwalk -e on the binary and seeing what spits out.