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← Dokumentationsindex · ← NeverC-Projekt
Kompiliert C-Quellcode direkt in positionsunabhängigen, relocationsfreien, datensektionslosen flachen Binär-DynCode.
- ARM64 (AArch64) Assembly-Tutorial — DynCode-Perspektive
- NeverC DynCode Cross-Platform-Architektur — Überblick
- IR-Pass-Design — Prinzipien, Pipeline und Vorher/Nachher-Beispiele
- Kernel-Modus (Ring-0) DynCode-Unterstützung
- MIR-Pass-Design — Prinzipien und Interpose-Punkte
- DynCode-Pipeline, MIR & PIC-Strategie (Design-Notizen)
- Plattform-Erweiterungsanleitung
- DynCode-Compiler — Fortschrittsverfolgung
- Roadmap
- Normales C schreiben — keine dyncode-spezifischen Tricks.
- Vollautomatische Pipeline —
static int counter = 0,const char s[] = "...", Rekursion,write/exit/read/...und große Konstantenarrays werden intern ohne Änderungen am Benutzercode verarbeitet. - Keine externen Abhängigkeiten — die Ausgabe
.binist reiner Instruktionsstrom ohne dyld, libSystem oder Datensektion. - CLI-Optionen per TableGen — jede
-fdyncode-*inneverc/include/neverc/Invoke/Options.td.h(kein Hardcoding). Tippfehler → did-you-mean ;--helplistet alle Optionen. - Ausgabe-Constraints prüfbar —
-fdyncode-bad-bytes=/-fdyncode-bad-byte-profile=scannen die finale.binnach post-extract und lehnen bei verbotenen Bytes ab (Offset, Byte, Kontext). - Plattformübergreifende einzelne Pipeline — gesteuert durch
TargetDesc. Gleiche C-Quelle für macOS / Linux / Android / Windows. Neue Plattform = eine Tabellenzeile + ein Extraktor, nicht fünf Pass-Sätze.
| Triple | Format | User-Mode-Syscall | Ring-0-Resolver | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
arm64-apple-macos* |
Mach-O | svc #0x80 (Darwin BSD) |
DarwinXNUKextShim |
Nativer Loader Round-Trip + Kernel-Resolver abgedeckt |
x86_64-apple-macos* |
Mach-O | syscall (BSD-Maske 0x2000000) |
DarwinXNUKextShim |
Kompilieren + Extraktion OK; x86_64 __text ohne Reloc-Erwartung |
aarch64-linux-gnu |
ELF | svc #0 (x8 = nr) |
LinuxKallsymsShim |
Kompilieren + Extraktion + Kernel-Resolver OK |
x86_64-linux-gnu |
ELF | syscall (rax = nr) |
LinuxKallsymsShim |
Kompilieren + Extraktion + Kernel-Resolver OK |
aarch64-linux-android* |
ELF | Wie Linux arm64 | LinuxKallsymsShim (GKI) |
Kompilieren + Extraktion OK |
x86_64-linux-android* |
ELF | Wie Linux x86_64 | LinuxKallsymsShim (GKI) |
Kompilieren + Extraktion OK |
aarch64-pc-windows-msvc |
PE/COFF | PEB-Walk (ldr xN, [x18, #0x60]) |
WindowsKernelResolverShim |
User-Mode PEB-Byte 32 40 f9 validiert; Ring-0 nutzt Loader-Resolver |
x86_64-pc-windows-msvc |
PE/COFF | PEB-Modul-Walk + PE-Exporttabelle | WindowsKernelResolverShim |
User-Mode = vollständiger IR-PEB-Walk; Ring-0 nutzt PEB nicht erneut |
Alle acht (OS, arch)-Triples nutzen dieselbe Pass-Menge. Unterschiede in TargetDesc.cpp und drei Extraktor-Zweigen. Neue Plattform = eine Zeile + ein Case pro Extraktor. ExecutionLevel orthogonal: User → Syscall/PEB ; Kernel deaktiviert beides und injiziert KernelImportPass für extern-Aufrufe über Resolver-Shims. Siehe kernel-mode-dyncode.md.
# Always pass -target — output triple is independent of the compiler host.
# 1) Pure computation dyncode — no system calls
neverc -fdyncode -target arm64-apple-macos add.c -o add.bin
# 2) Darwin hello world — write/exit → svc #0x80
neverc -fdyncode -target arm64-apple-macos -mdyncode-syscall hello.c -o hello.bin
# 3) Linux arm64: svc #0 + x8=nr
neverc -fdyncode -target aarch64-linux-gnu -mdyncode-syscall \
hello.c -o hello_linux_arm64.bin
# 4) Linux x86_64: syscall + rax=nr
neverc -fdyncode -target x86_64-linux-gnu -mdyncode-syscall \
hello.c -o hello_linux_x64.bin
# 5) Windows x86_64 (PEB walk for API calls)
neverc -fdyncode -target x86_64-pc-windows-msvc \
-mdyncode-win-peb-import win.c -o win.bin
# 6) Custom entry symbol
neverc -fdyncode -target arm64-apple-macos -fdyncode-entry=dyncode_main kernel.c -o k.bin
# 7) Keep intermediate object for audit (otool / llvm-objdump / dumpbin)
neverc -fdyncode -target arm64-apple-macos -fdyncode-keep-obj=/tmp/dump.obj x.c -o x.bin
# 8) Reject forbidden bytes in final .bin
neverc -fdyncode -target arm64-apple-macos -fdyncode-bad-bytes=00,0a,0d x.c -o x.bin
# 9) Built-in bad-byte profile (same as forbidding 00/0a/0d)
neverc -fdyncode -target arm64-apple-macos -fdyncode-bad-byte-profile=http-newline x.c -o x.bin
# 10) Run on macOS (platform-specific loader)
./loader_arm64_macos add.bin 3 4 # exit code = 7
# 11) Verbose extractor summary
neverc -v -fdyncode -target arm64-apple-macos fib.c -o fib.bin
# dyncode-extractor: wrote 64 bytes to 'fib.bin'
# dyncode-extractor: target = arm64-apple-macos (Mach-O)
# dyncode-extractor: entry symbol = _main
# dyncode-extractor: patched 1 BRANCH26, 0 PAGE21, 0 PAGEOFF12 intra-section reloc(s)| Option | Beschreibung |
|---|---|
-fdyncode |
DynCode-Kompilierungsmodus aktivieren. |
-fno-dyncode |
Vorheriges -fdyncode aufheben. |
-fdyncode-all-blr |
Aggressiv: direkte Aufrufe zu blr xN / call *rax indirektisieren, alle relativen Branch-Relocs entfernen. Normal nicht nötig. |
-mdyncode-syscall |
Syscall-Stubs explizit (Standard unter -fdyncode für Darwin/Linux/Android; Absicht/Skript-Kompat). |
-mdyncode-libsystem |
Darwin-Legacy-Alias für -mdyncode-syscall. |
-mdyncode-win-peb-import |
Windows-PEB-Import explizit (Standard mit -fdyncode + Windows-Triple). |
-fdyncode-keep-obj=<path> |
Zwischenobjekt nach <path> kopieren für natives Disassembler-Audit. |
-fdyncode-entry=<name> |
Standard-Einstieg überschreiben (main, _main, dyncode_entry, _dyncode_entry). |
-fdyncode-bad-bytes=<hex-list> |
Verbotene Bytes (kommagetrennt). Scan der finalen .bin nach post-extract; bei Treffer kein File. |
-fdyncode-bad-byte-profile=<name> |
Profile: null, c-string, http-newline, line, whitespace, ascii-control. Mit -fdyncode-bad-bytes= kombinierbar. |
-fdyncode-obfuscate=<spec> |
An IR-Level-Plugin-Interposes über die Plugin-API. No-op ohne geladenes Plugin. Siehe ir-pass-design.md §9 — Obfuscation Interposes. |
-fdyncode-mir-obfuscate=<spec> |
An MIR-Level-Interposes (RunBeforePreEmit / RunAfterPreEmit). Fallback -fdyncode-obfuscate=. Siehe mir-pass-design.md §3 — User Obfuscation Interposes. |
Die Pipeline teilt sich in zielunabhängige IR-Passes + zielspezifische Extraktoren:
flowchart TD
Driver["neverc -fdyncode · OptTable + Options.td.h"]
Frontend["C23 Frontend · PIC default"]
Driver -->|describeTriple| Frontend
Frontend -->|LLVM IR| ZRP
subgraph IR["Target-Independent IR Passes"]
direction TB
ZRP["① ZeroRelocPass — Prep\ninternal + always_inline\nreject ctors / thread_local / extern_weak"]
IBP["② IndirectBrPass\ncomputed-goto → switch"]
SSP["③ SyscallStubPass\nlibc → svc #0x80 / svc #0 / syscall"]
WPP["④ WinPEBImportPass\nextern Win32 API → PEB-walk thunk"]
MIP["⑤ MemIntrinPass\nmemcpy/memset/str* → byte-loop"]
CRP["⑥ CompilerRtPass\ni128 div/mod → inline long-division"]
D2T1["⑦ Data2TextPass — Phase 1\nconst GV → stack stores"]
ZRP --> IBP --> SSP --> WPP --> MIP --> CRP --> D2T1
end
Backend["AArch64 / X86 Backend\nSROA · InstCombine · AlwaysInliner · SLP"]
D2T1 --> Backend
Backend --> D2T2
subgraph Post["Post-Backend IR"]
direction TB
D2T2["⑧ Data2TextPass — Phase 2\nvector const split"]
ZRS["⑨ ZeroRelocPass — Stackify\nglobals → entry alloca"]
ABP["⑩ AllBlrPass (optional)\ndirect call → indirect call"]
D2T2 --> ZRS --> ABP
end
Codegen["Codegen · IR → MIR → Register Allocation"]
ABP --> Codegen
Codegen --> MH1
subgraph MIR["MIR Layer"]
direction TB
MH1["⑪ RunBeforePreEmit interpose"]
MIRP["⑫ DynCodeMIRPrepPass\nstrip CFI / EH_LABEL / XRay / StackMap"]
MH2["⑬ RunAfterPreEmit interpose\ninstruction-level obfuscation entry"]
MH1 --> MIRP --> MH2
end
MH2 -->|"Mach-O / ELF / COFF .o"| Extractor
subgraph Extract["Extractor Layer"]
Extractor["DynCodeExtractor\nMachO · ELF · COFF\npatch intra-.text relocs\nreject external reloc / data section\nbad-byte audit"]
end
Extractor --> Output(["flat .bin dyncode"])
neverc/include/neverc/DynCode/Pipeline/TargetDesc.h definiert TargetDesc pro (OS, arch):
TextSectionName: Mach-O__text/ ELF.text/ COFF.textSyscallABI: enum value (DarwinSvc80/LinuxSvc0/LinuxSyscall/WindowsPEB/None)AsmTemplate:svc #0x80/svc #0/syscallSyscallNumberReg: x16 / x8 / raxSyscallRetReg: x0 / raxArgRegs: ordered list of platform ABI argument registers + countTCBReadAsm/TCBReadConstraint: inline-asm single-instruction template for reading TEB/PEB pointer (Windows x86_64 =movq %gs:0x60, $0, Windows arm64 =ldr $0, [x18, #0x60]).WinPEBImportPassreads directly from the table.DriverInjectFlags: platform-specific driver flags as a null-terminated static array (x86_64 Unix gets-fpic -mcmodel=small; Windows gets-mno-stack-arg-probe//GS-).perTargetInjectFlagsreads from the table.
SyscallStubPass und WinPEBImportPass erzeugen InlineAsm aus TargetDesc. Das Backend nutzt TableGen-Muster. Neues Ziel = eine Zeile in describeTriple und ein Case pro Extraktor.
| Format | Implementierung | Patchbare Intra-Section-Relocations |
|---|---|---|
| Mach-O | MachOExtractor.cpp |
arm64: ARM64_RELOC_BRANCH26 / PAGE21 / PAGEOFF12; x86_64: X86_64_RELOC_SIGNED / SIGNED_1/2/4 / BRANCH (intra-__text pcrel32); UNSIGNED / GOT_LOAD / GOT / SUBTRACTOR / TLV rejected |
| ELF | ELFExtractor.cpp |
arm64: R_AARCH64_CALL26 / JUMP26 / ADR_PREL_PG_HI21(_NC) / ADD_ABS_LO12_NC / LDST{8,16,32,64,128}_ABS_LO12_NC / PREL32; x86_64: R_X86_64_PC32 / PLT32 (GOTPCREL rejected) |
| COFF | COFFExtractor.cpp |
arm64: IMAGE_REL_ARM64_BRANCH26 / PAGEBASE_REL21 / PAGEOFFSET_12A / PAGEOFFSET_12L / REL32; x86_64: IMAGE_REL_AMD64_REL32 / REL32_[1-5] |
Andere Typen oder Cross-Section-Relocations sind Hard-Fail mit Hinweisen (libc → Syscall-Stub / _Complex → manuelles Struct / Literal-Pool-Fallback usw.).
| Szenario | Benutzercode | Unterstützt | Mechanismus |
|---|---|---|---|
| Integer arithmetic / bitwise | int f(int a) { return a*3+1; } |
Ja | Pure instruction stream |
| Recursion / loops | int fib(int n) { ... } |
Ja | static + always_inline |
switch / case |
switch (op) { case 0: ... } |
Ja | Driver injects -fno-jump-tables |
| Struct by-value passing | struct Vec3 v = {...}; dot(v); |
Ja | Stack-ified + always_inline |
| Floating-point | double y = x * 3.14; |
Ja | Data2Text rewrites ConstantFP to volatile-loaded bit pattern |
| Small constant arrays | const int t[4] = {1,2,3,4}; |
Ja | Data2Text stack-ifies |
| Large constant arrays (256B+) | const unsigned char tbl[256] = {...} |
Ja | Data2Text, no size limit |
| String literals | const char s[] = "hi\n"; |
Ja | Data2Text stack-ifies |
memcpy / memset / memmove / memcmp |
memcpy(dst, src, n); |
Ja | MemIntrinPass byte-loop wrappers |
strlen / strcpy / strcmp / etc. |
strlen(buf); |
Ja | MemIntrinPass byte-loop wrappers |
__int128 division / modulo |
u128 q = a / b; |
Ja | CompilerRtPass inline long-division |
_Atomic / __atomic_* / __sync_* |
__atomic_fetch_add(&c, 1, ...) |
Ja | Inline LDXR/STXR (arm64) / LOCK (x86_64) |
__builtin_* family |
__builtin_popcount(x) |
Ja | Backend single-instruction selection |
| VLA / flexible array / compound literal | Normal C99/C11 | Ja | -fno-jump-tables + Data2Text |
| Mutable globals | static int counter = 0; |
Ja | ZeroReloc stack-ifies |
| libc write/exit | write(1, s, 3); |
Yes (with -mdyncode-syscall) |
Syscall wrapper |
| POSIX includes | #include <unistd.h> |
Yes (dyncode mode auto-switches to shim) | Driver injects __NEVERC_DYNCODE__ |
| Win32 API | WriteFile(h, buf, n, &w, 0); |
Yes (with -mdyncode-win-peb-import) |
PEB-walk thunk |
| Windows SDK includes | #include <windows.h> |
Yes (dyncode mode auto-switches to shim) | Lightweight shim headers |
| Custom entry name | int dyncode_main(...) |
Yes (with -fdyncode-entry=...) |
Driver pass-through |
| Global constructors | __attribute__((constructor)) |
Nein | No runtime to trigger them |
| TLS / thread_local | thread_local int x; |
Auto-demoted to static | ZeroRelocPass.Prep silently demotes |
| C++ / ObjC | — | Nein | Projektumfang nur C |
neverc/
├── include/neverc/Invoke/Options.td.h # -fdyncode-* TableGen definitions
├── include/neverc/DynCode/ # Headers (organized by subsystem)
│ ├── Pipeline/ # Pipeline / driver integration
│ │ ├── Pipeline.h # IR + MIR interpose registration
│ │ ├── DriverIntegration.h
│ │ ├── TargetDesc.h # Platform table / descriptors
│ │ ├── DynCodeOptions.h # Cross-subsystem config
│ │ ├── Diagnostics.h # Cross-subsystem diagnostics
│ │ └── SymbolNames.h # Cross-subsystem symbol utilities
│ ├── Extractor/
│ │ └── DynCodeExtractor.h
│ ├── IR/ # IR-level passes and ABIs
│ │ ├── ZeroRelocPass.h / ZeroRelocABI.h
│ │ ├── Data2TextPass.h / Data2TextABI.h
│ │ ├── AllBlrPass.h / IndirectBrPass.h
│ │ ├── MemIntrinPass.h # memcpy/memset/str* inlining
│ │ ├── StringRuntimePass.h / StringRuntimeABI.h
│ │ ├── HeapArenaPass.h # malloc/free → arena + OS fallback
│ │ ├── MmapABI.h # Gemeinsame mmap-Konstanten (prot/flags)
│ │ ├── DynCodeIRHelpers.h # Gemeinsame IR-Hilfsfunktionen (getSizeType usw.)
│ │ ├── ExternRewriter.h # Extern function rewrite utilities
│ │ └── CompilerRtPass.h # __int128 division inline
│ ├── MIR/
│ │ └── MIRPrepPass.h # Catch-all MachineFunctionPass
│ ├── Import/ # User-mode + kernel-mode import resolution
│ │ ├── SyscallStub.h / SyscallTables.h
│ │ ├── WinPEBImport.h / WinImportTables.h
│ │ ├── KernelImportPass.h / KernelImportABI.h
│ │ └── PtrCacheHelpers.h # Shared address cache encryption helpers
│ └── Tables/ # User-extensible .def tables
├── lib/DynCode/ # Implementation (mirrors header structure)
│ ├── Pipeline/ Extractor/ IR/ MIR/ Import/
└── lib/Invoke/Core/Driver.cpp
tests/neverc/ # Tests (GTest)
├── DynCodeTests.cpp # Core dyncode round-trip tests
├── DynCodeStressTests.cpp # Stress tests (VLA, __sync_*, __int128, etc.)
├── DynCodeCrossTargetTests.cpp # Cross-target compile-only smoke tests
├── dyncode/
│ ├── loader_arm64_macos.c / loader_linux.c / loader_windows.c
│ └── test_dyncode_*.c
docs/dyncode-compiler/
├── README.md ← Englisch
├── README.de.md ← Deutsch
├── arm64-assembly-tutorial/README.md
├── cross-platform-architecture/README.md
├── ir-pass-design/README.md
├── kernel-mode-dyncode/README.md
├── mir-pass-design/README.md
├── pipeline-and-pic/README.md
├── platform-extension-guide/README.md
├── progress/README.md
└── roadmap/README.md
- Ladeadresse 4 KB ausgerichtet — natürliches Verhalten von
mmap/VirtualAlloc; Loader erfüllen dies bereits. - Aufrufkonventionen folgen der nativen ABI des Ziel-OS:
- Darwin / Linux / Android: System V AMD64 or AAPCS64
- Windows: Win64 (rcx/rdx/r8/r9)
- Loader verantwortlich für i-cache-Flush (arm64) / FlushInstructionCache (Windows).
Die DynCode-Pipeline stellt selbst nur sicher, dass „der Code korrekt läuft“. Obfuskation, Polymorphismus, gestufte Encoder und ähnliche Features der Strategieebene sind absichtlich nicht eingebaut — sie werden von Out-of-Tree-Plugins über die Plugin-API bereitgestellt.
Die Pipeline exponiert 11 Interpose-Punkte auf drei Ebenen, alle über die C-Plugin-API (NEVERC_INTERPOSE_SC_*) zugänglich:
IR-Ebene (6 Interposes):
NEVERC_INTERPOSE_SC_BEFORE_PREP— Before any dyncode passNEVERC_INTERPOSE_SC_AFTER_PREP— Linkage unified (internal + always_inline)NEVERC_INTERPOSE_SC_BEFORE_INLINING— Last chance before AlwaysInlinerNEVERC_INTERPOSE_SC_AFTER_INLINING— IR fully compressed into one large functionNEVERC_INTERPOSE_SC_AFTER_STACKIFY— Final IR shape, next step is codegenNEVERC_INTERPOSE_SC_AFTER_FINAL_IR— After AllBlrPass, the true last IR interpose
MIR-Ebene (3 Interposes):
NEVERC_INTERPOSE_SC_BEFORE_PREEMIT— Registers allocated, CFI/EH pseudos still presentNEVERC_INTERPOSE_SC_AFTER_PREEMIT— Built-in MIRPrepPass has stripped pseudos, closest to the byte form AsmPrinter will see; ideal for instruction-level obfuscation/register renamingNEVERC_INTERPOSE_SC_AFTER_FINAL_MIR— True last MIR interpose, after LLVMaddPreEmitPass2(), just before AsmPrinter
Byte-Stream-Ebene (2 Interposes):
NEVERC_INTERPOSE_SC_POST_EXTRACT— After extractor completes intra-text relocation patching and data-section audit; before.binis written. Use for whole-payload encryption, junk byte insertion, or custom headers.NEVERC_INTERPOSE_SC_POST_FINALIZE— After all finalize steps; NeverC performs no further auditing.
Siehe die Plugin-API-Dokumentation für die vollständige Interpose-Liste, Pass-Registrierung und Codebeispiele.
- IR-level: ir-pass-design.md §9 — Obfuscation Interposes.
- MIR-level: mir-pass-design.md §3 — User Obfuscation Interposes
- Supports 8 (OS, arch) combinations (see matrix above). Other triples (RISC-V, PowerPC, 32-bit x86, big-endian ARM, etc.) are rejected at
describeTriple()with the full supported set listed as a hint. Each (OS, arch) row has independentUser/Kernelcontexts, yielding 16 (OS, arch, level) variants. - Windows PEB walk is fully implemented with multi-DLL dispatch.
__neverc_win_resolveaccepts(dll_hash, api_hash)pairs. The current whitelist covers kernel32.dll (~125 APIs), ntdll.dll (~26), user32.dll (~13), ws2_32.dll (~23), advapi32.dll (~16), shell32.dll (~6). Adding an API = one row inTables/Win32Apis.def+ one declaration inlib/Headers/windows.h. - External function whitelist only covers Darwin BSD / Linux / Android common syscalls (~80+) + Win32 APIs (~210). stdio and similar runtime-heavy interfaces are not included — dyncode cannot embed the full stdio state machine.
- Kein C++ / ObjC / CUDA — NeverC ist bewusst nur C.