🌐 [translation-sync] [likelihood_bayes] Update lecture according to the style guide (recovery of #240)

[mmcky]

Automated Translation Sync

This PR contains automated translations from QuantEcon/lecture-python.myst.

Source PR

#651 - [likelihood_bayes] Update lecture according to the style guide

Files Updated

• ✏️ lectures/likelihood_bayes.md
• ✏️ .translate/state/likelihood_bayes.md.yml
• ✏️ lectures/likelihood_ratio_process.md
• ✏️ .translate/state/likelihood_ratio_process.md.yml
• ✏️ lectures/likelihood_ratio_process_2.md
• ✏️ .translate/state/likelihood_ratio_process_2.md.yml

Details

• Source Language: en
• Target Language: zh-cn
• Model: claude-sonnet-5

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This PR was created automatically by the translation action.

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Recovery note: this PR recovers #240, auto-closed by the rebase force-push race on 2026-08-18 23:22:43Z (see the correction comment there). Same branch; body restored verbatim from #240 so review mode can locate the Source PR reference.

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR reintroduces the translation-sync updates from #240, aligning the zh-cn lecture content and translation state files with the upstream style-guide changes for the likelihood/Bayes lectures.

Changes:

• Update lectures/likelihood_bayes.md formatting and MyST conventions (heading keys, references, math notation, figure metadata).
• Apply small consistency/format tweaks in lectures/likelihood_ratio_process.md and lectures/likelihood_ratio_process_2.md.
• Refresh .translate/state/*.yml metadata to reflect the new source SHA, sync date, mode, and tool version.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 6 out of 6 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
lectures/likelihood_ratio_process.md	Minor formatting/indent alignment in prose.
lectures/likelihood_ratio_process_2.md	Small prose cleanup; updates a code-cell helper signature and RNG usage.
lectures/likelihood_bayes.md	Main style-guide alignment: headings, refs, math notation, plotting metadata/formatting.
.translate/state/likelihood_ratio_process.md.yml	Update translation-sync state metadata (sha/date/tool-version).
.translate/state/likelihood_ratio_process_2.md.yml	Update translation-sync state metadata and mode.
.translate/state/likelihood_bayes.md.yml	Update translation-sync state metadata and mode.

Suppressed comments (1)

lectures/likelihood_ratio_process_2.md:166

• 在 simulate 中使用 rng.beta(...) 依赖调用者传入 rng，但本讲座未展示 rng 的创建/传递，且其余随机数生成仍使用 np.random。为保持一致性并避免读者按当前代码调用时失败，建议继续使用 np.random.beta(...)（或在全讲座统一引入并传递 rng）。

    for i in range(N):
        for j in range(T):
            w = rng.beta(a, b)
            l_arr[i, j] = f(w) / g(w)

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[github-actions]

✅ Translation Quality Review

Verdict: PASS | Model: claude-sonnet-5 | Date: 2026-08-19
Routing: editor — 2 minor finding(s) in gating categories (accuracy/terminology/syntax/diff-check/other); accuracy 8 below floor 9; terminology 8 below floor 9
Shadow gate: would NOT auto-merge (recorded only; no action taken)

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📝 Translation Quality

Criterion	Score
Accuracy	8/10
Fluency	8/10
Terminology	8/10
Formatting	8/10
Overall	8/10

Summary: This is a high-quality, technically rigorous translation of three closely related and lengthy lectures on likelihood ratio processes and Bayesian learning. Mathematical content, MyST formatting, and code blocks are faithfully preserved, and terminology is largely consistent with the provided glossary and standard Chinese econometrics/probability usage. Minor issues include a small terminology inconsistency ('本质' vs '自然' for 'Nature' in one Markov chain plot title), a divergence in the random-seeding code pattern in likelihood_bayes.md relative to the English source, and a slightly awkward sentence structure in the Bayesian updating section. No blocking or major issues were found, and no markdown/MyST syntax errors were detected. Mathematical notation, LaTeX equations, and equation labels are preserved accurately across all three files, including complex derivations of Bayes' law recursions and KL divergence formulas. Technical terminology such as '似然比过程', '贝叶斯定律', '后验概率', 'KL散度', '鞅收敛定理' is used consistently and matches standard Chinese academic usage. Code blocks, MyST directives ({doc}, {ref}, {eq}, {cite}), and cross-references are correctly preserved and functional throughout the long, complex documents. The translation of dense conceptual passages (e.g., martingale convergence discussion, likelihood ratio recursion derivations) maintains logical flow and mathematical rigor in fluent Chinese.

Suggestions:

• [minor · accuracy] lectures/likelihood_bayes.md — ## Overview / code-cell importing modules: The English source imports from numba import vectorize, jit, prange and from scipy.integrate import quad along with import pandas as pd and sets a seed with a jitted set_seed() function using np.random.seed(142857). The Simplified Chinese translation replaces this with rng = np.random.default_rng(142857) and adds font-loading code not present in the source, and drops prange. This ch… → If code changes are intentional to match repo-wide conventions, this is acceptable, but consider noting they diverge from the English source's global-seed approach for future maintenance parity.
• [minor · terminology] lectures/likelihood_ratio_process.md — ## Markov chains::Simulations: In the translated analyze_markov_chains docstring/plot title, '马尔可夫链似然比(本质 = f)' uses '本质' (essence/nature-as-concept) instead of '自然' (Nature, the entity used throughout the rest of the document, e.g., '自然从链f中采样'). This is inconsistent with the established translation of 'Nature' elsewhere in the same section. → Change to '马尔可夫链似然比（自然 = f）' for consistency with the rest of the document.
• [minor · fluency] lectures/likelihood_bayes.md — ### Mechanical details again: The sentence '在绘制$w_0$后，工人使用贝叶斯定理推导出后验概率$\pi_0 = {\rm Prob}({a = f | w_0})$（即密度为$f(w)$的概率）为：' reads slightly awkwardly with the parenthetical inserted mid-sentence; the English original places 'that the density is f(w)' after the whole clause. This is a minor readability issue, not a meaning error. → Consider: '在抽取$w_0$后，工人使用贝叶斯定律推导出密度为$f(w)$的后验概率$\pi_0 = {\rm Prob}({a = f | w_0})$为：'
• [nit · terminology] lectures/likelihood_ratio_process_2.md — ## Blume and Easley's setting: 'Blume和Easley的设定' mixes English author names with Chinese; this is consistent with glossary guidance to keep proper names, but the reader might expect Chinese transliteration given other economist names in the glossary are transliterated (e.g., Milton Friedman → 米尔顿·弗里德曼). Since Blume and Easley are not in the provided glossary, retaining English names is a reasonable and defensible choice, but f… → No change required; note only for glossary completeness in future.

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🔍 Diff Quality

Check	Status
Scope Correct	✅
Position Correct	✅
Structure Preserved	✅
Heading-map Correct	✅
Overall	10/10

Summary: The translation sync correctly updated all three files with matching content changes, preserved document structure and anchor renames, and appropriately updated translation heading-maps to reflect the revised English headings.

Issues:

• The source's likelihood_bayes.md changed the anchor label from (likelihood_ratio_process) to (likelihood_bayes), but the target file's translation frontmatter and content correctly reflect this rename, along with cross-reference updates from {doc}this lecture <...> to bare {doc}... references - this was correctly propagated.
• Minor: source added new mystnb figure directives with captions/names (fig-posterior-lratio-f, fig-posterior-lratio-g, fig-posterior-mixture) which were correctly mirrored in the target with translated captions.

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This review was generated automatically by action-translation review mode.

[mmcky]

♻️ Automatically rebased after #248 was merged.

Overlapping files: lectures/likelihood_bayes.md

The translation content is preserved; only unchanged sections were updated to match the current main branch. Please re-review if needed.

[github-actions]

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