fix(dag+hlo): conv1d/gather/pooling/flatten + IREE-valid reduce_window — 7/7 models compile (#675)

skainet-compile/skainet-compile-hlo/src/commonMain/kotlin/sk/ainet/compile/hlo/MlirValidator.kt

@@ -112,20 +112,25 @@ public class MlirValidator {
             // not).
             if (trimmed.isEmpty() || trimmed.startsWith("//") || trimmed.startsWith("module")) continue
 
-            // Extract defined SSA values
-            if (trimmed.contains(" = ")) {
-                val parts = trimmed.split(" = ", limit = 2)
-                if (parts.size == 2) {
-                    val valueName = parts[0].trim()
-                    if (valueName.startsWith("%")) {
-                        if (definedValues.contains(valueName)) {
-                            errors.add("Line ${lineNum + 1}: SSA value $valueName redefined")
-                        }
-                        definedValues.add(valueName)
-                    }
+            // Extract defined SSA values. A line may carry more than one result
+            // definition when an op with a region is emitted on a single line
+            // (e.g. `reduce_window … ({ ^bb0(%a, %b): %r = … })`), so register every
+            // `%name =` result, not just the leading assignment.
+            Regex("(%[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)\\s*=").findAll(trimmed).forEach { m ->
+                val valueName = m.groupValues[1]
+                if (definedValues.contains(valueName)) {
+                    errors.add("Line ${lineNum + 1}: SSA value $valueName redefined")
                 }
+                definedValues.add(valueName)
             }
-
+
+            // Register block-argument definitions from region entry blocks
+            // (`^bb0(%lhs: tensor<f32>, %rhs: tensor<f32>): …`). These bind SSA
+            // values without a ` = `, so they must be collected separately.
+            Regex("\\^[a-zA-Z0-9_]*\\(([^)]*)\\)").findAll(trimmed).forEach { block ->
+                Regex("%[a-zA-Z0-9_]+").findAll(block.groupValues[1]).forEach { definedValues.add(it.value) }
+            }
+
             // Extract used SSA values
             val usedInLine = extractUsedValues(trimmed)
             usedValues.addAll(usedInLine)

skainet-compile/skainet-compile-hlo/src/commonMain/kotlin/sk/ainet/compile/hlo/converters/NeuralNetOperationsConverter.kt

@@ -184,11 +184,13 @@ public class NeuralNetOperationsConverter : StableHloOperationConverter {
         val padding = extractPadding(params)
 
         val resultValue = context.nextTempValue()
-
+        val inputType = node.inputs.firstOrNull()?.let { context.getTypeMapper().mapTensorType(it) } ?: outputType
+
         // Build StableHLO reduce_window operation for max pooling
         val operations = buildMaxPoolOperations(
             resultValue = resultValue,
             input = operands[0],
+            inputType = inputType,
             outputType = outputType,
             kernelSize = kernelSize,
             stride = stride,
@@ -225,11 +227,13 @@ public class NeuralNetOperationsConverter : StableHloOperationConverter {
         val padding = extractPadding(params)
 
         val resultValue = context.nextTempValue()
-
+        val inputType = node.inputs.firstOrNull()?.let { context.getTypeMapper().mapTensorType(it) } ?: outputType
+
         // Build StableHLO reduce_window operation for average pooling
         val operations = buildAvgPoolOperations(
             resultValue = resultValue,
             input = operands[0],
+            inputType = inputType,
             outputType = outputType,
             kernelSize = kernelSize,
             stride = stride,
@@ -691,64 +695,103 @@ public class NeuralNetOperationsConverter : StableHloOperationConverter {
         }
     }
 
+    /** The MLIR element type ("f32"/"f16"/…) parsed from a `tensor<…xT>` string. */
+    private fun elementTypeOf(tensorType: String): String =
+        tensorType.substringAfterLast('x').substringBefore('>').ifBlank { "f32" }
+
+    /**
+     * Emit a `reduce_window` in IREE's parseable **generic region** form. The pretty
+     * `… applies <op> over window dimensions = …` form is rejected by IREE's StableHLO
+     * parser ("has no custom assembly form"), and its 2-element window only covered H/W;
+     * the generic form carries full NCHW-rank (`[1, 1, kH, kW]`) window attributes. (#675)
+     */
+    private fun reduceWindowGeneric(
+        resultValue: String,
+        input: String,
+        inputType: String,
+        initValue: String,
+        reduceOp: String,
+        elem: String,
+        kernelSize: Pair<Int, Int>,
+        stride: Pair<Int, Int>,
+        padding: Pair<Int, Int>,
+        outputType: String,
+    ): String {
+        val (kH, kW) = kernelSize
+        val (sH, sW) = stride
+        val (pH, pW) = padding
+        // Single line: MLIR treats newlines as whitespace, and the line-based MLIR
+        // validator only handles one op per line. The region body ops are separated
+        // by spaces, which the MLIR parser accepts.
+        // Region-local SSA names are derived from the (unique) result value so two
+        // pooling ops in one function don't collide in the flat validator (they are
+        // region-scoped in MLIR, but the validator tracks names globally).
+        val t = resultValue.removePrefix("%")
+        return "$resultValue = \"stablehlo.reduce_window\"($input, $initValue) ({ " +
+            "^bb0(%lhs_$t: tensor<$elem>, %rhs_$t: tensor<$elem>): " +
+            "%out_$t = $reduceOp %lhs_$t, %rhs_$t : tensor<$elem> " +
+            "stablehlo.return %out_$t : tensor<$elem> " +
+            "}) {window_dimensions = array<i64: 1, 1, $kH, $kW>, " +
+            "window_strides = array<i64: 1, 1, $sH, $sW>, " +
+            "base_dilations = array<i64: 1, 1, 1, 1>, " +
+            "window_dilations = array<i64: 1, 1, 1, 1>, " +
+            "padding = dense<[[0, 0], [0, 0], [$pH, $pH], [$pW, $pW]]> : tensor<4x2xi64>} : " +
+            "($inputType, tensor<$elem>) -> $outputType"
+    }
+
     private fun buildMaxPoolOperations(
         resultValue: String,
         input: String,
+        inputType: String,
         outputType: String,
         kernelSize: Pair<Int, Int>,
         stride: Pair<Int, Int>,
         padding: Pair<Int, Int>,
         context: ConversionContext
     ): List<String> {
-        // For max pooling, we need to create a negative infinity constant as the initial value
+        val elem = elementTypeOf(outputType)
         val initValue = context.nextTempValue()
-        val initConstant = "$initValue = stablehlo.constant dense<-3.4028235e+38> : tensor<f32>"
-
-        val poolOp = "$resultValue = stablehlo.reduce_window($input, $initValue) " +
-                "applies stablehlo.maximum " +
-                "over window dimensions = [${kernelSize.first}, ${kernelSize.second}] " +
-                "stride = [${stride.first}, ${stride.second}] " +
-                "pad = [[${padding.first}, ${padding.first}], [${padding.second}, ${padding.second}]] : $outputType"
-
-        // Emit operations through context
+        val initConstant = "$initValue = stablehlo.constant dense<-3.4028235e+38> : tensor<$elem>"
+        val poolOp = reduceWindowGeneric(
+            resultValue, input, inputType, initValue, "stablehlo.maximum",
+            elem, kernelSize, stride, padding, outputType,
+        )
         context.emitOperation(initConstant)
         context.emitOperation(poolOp)
-
         return listOf(initConstant, poolOp)
     }
-    
+
     private fun buildAvgPoolOperations(
         resultValue: String,
         input: String,
+        inputType: String,
         outputType: String,
         kernelSize: Pair<Int, Int>,
         stride: Pair<Int, Int>,
         padding: Pair<Int, Int>,
         context: ConversionContext
     ): List<String> {
-        // Average pooling requires sum + division by kernel size
+        // Average pooling requires sum + division by kernel size.
+        val elem = elementTypeOf(outputType)
         val kernelArea = kernelSize.first * kernelSize.second
         val initZero = context.nextTempValue()
         val kernelAreaConst = context.nextTempValue()
         val sumResult = context.nextTempValue()
-
-        val initConstant = "$initZero = stablehlo.constant dense<0.0> : tensor<f32>"
-        val areaConstant = "$kernelAreaConst = stablehlo.constant dense<$kernelArea.0> : tensor<f32>"
-
-        val sumOp = "$sumResult = stablehlo.reduce_window($input, $initZero) " +
-                "applies stablehlo.add " +
-                "over window dimensions = [${kernelSize.first}, ${kernelSize.second}] " +
-                "stride = [${stride.first}, ${stride.second}] " +
-                "pad = [[${padding.first}, ${padding.first}], [${padding.second}, ${padding.second}]] : $outputType"
-
+
+        val initConstant = "$initZero = stablehlo.constant dense<0.0> : tensor<$elem>"
+        // Splat over the output type so the divide is element-type consistent (a scalar
+        // tensor<f32> divisor was a latent type mismatch).
+        val areaConstant = "$kernelAreaConst = stablehlo.constant dense<$kernelArea.0> : $outputType"
+        val sumOp = reduceWindowGeneric(
+            sumResult, input, inputType, initZero, "stablehlo.add",
+            elem, kernelSize, stride, padding, outputType,
+        )
         val divideOp = "$resultValue = stablehlo.divide $sumResult, $kernelAreaConst : $outputType"
-
-        // Emit operations through context
+
         context.emitOperation(initConstant)
         context.emitOperation(areaConstant)
         context.emitOperation(sumOp)
         context.emitOperation(divideOp)
-
         return listOf(initConstant, areaConstant, sumOp, divideOp)
     }
 

skainet-compile/skainet-compile-hlo/src/commonTest/kotlin/sk/ainet/compile/hlo/NeuralNetOperationsConverterTest.kt

@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ class NeuralNetOperationsConverterTest {
 
         assertNotNull(module)
         assertContains(module.content, "stablehlo.reduce_window")
-        // Should contain kernel size and stride information
-        assertContains(module.content, "window dimensions")
-        assertContains(module.content, "stride")
+        // Generic region form (IREE-parseable): window_dimensions / window_strides attrs.
+        assertContains(module.content, "window_dimensions")
+        assertContains(module.content, "window_strides")
     }
 
     private fun createConv2dGraph(): DefaultComputeGraph {

skainet-compile/skainet-compile-hlo/src/jvmTest/kotlin/sk/ainet/compile/hlo/DagConvGatherPoolExportTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package sk.ainet.compile.hlo
+
+import sk.ainet.lang.dag.avgPool2d
+import sk.ainet.lang.dag.conv1d
+import sk.ainet.lang.dag.dag
+import sk.ainet.lang.dag.flatten
+import sk.ainet.lang.dag.gather
+import sk.ainet.lang.dag.maxPool2d
+import sk.ainet.lang.graph.dsl.toComputeGraph
+import sk.ainet.lang.tensor.ops.TensorSpec
+import sk.ainet.lang.types.FP32
+import sk.ainet.lang.types.Int32
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+/**
+ * Remaining post-#674 DAG-DSL export bugs (tracked under the #674 follow-up issue).
+ *
+ * #674 fixed reshape/matmul/concat output-spec inference. These ops still declare a
+ * result/return type that contradicts the value they produce (conv/gather: `inferDagOutputSpecs`
+ * has no shape rule for them; pooling: also emits `reduce_window` in a form IREE rejects).
+ * All RED on develop after #674; lock for the follow-up fix.
+ */
+class DagConvGatherPoolExportTest {
+
+    private fun lower(name: String, build: sk.ainet.lang.dag.DagBuilder.() -> Unit): String =
+        StableHloConverterFactory.createExtended().convert(dag(build).toComputeGraph(), name).content
+
+    @Test
+    fun conv1d_declares_inferred_output_channels_and_length() {
+        // input (1,3,8), weight (4,3,3) stride 1 pad 0 -> (1,4,6). Currently declared 1x3x8.
+        val mlir = lower("op_conv1d") {
+            val x = input<FP32>("x", TensorSpec("x", listOf(1, 3, 8), "FP32"))
+            val w = input<FP32>("w", TensorSpec("w", listOf(4, 3, 3), "FP32"))
+            val b = input<FP32>("b", TensorSpec("b", listOf(4), "FP32"))
+            output(conv1d(x, w, b, 1, 0, 1, 1))
+        }
+        assertTrue(mlir.contains("-> tensor<1x4x6xf32>"), "conv1d result must be inferred 1x4x6:\n$mlir")
+        assertFalse(Regex("""return %\w+ : tensor<1x3x8xf32>""").containsMatchIn(mlir), "return must not echo the input shape:\n$mlir")
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun gather_declares_inferred_rows() {
+        // table (8,4), 3 indices -> (3,4). Currently declared 8x4.
+        val mlir = lower("op_gather") {
+            val t = input<FP32>("t", TensorSpec("t", listOf(8, 4), "FP32"))
+            val idx = input<Int32>("idx", TensorSpec("idx", listOf(3), "INT32"))
+            output(gather(t, idx, 0))
+        }
+        assertTrue(mlir.contains("-> tensor<3x4xf32>"), "gather result must be inferred 3x4:\n$mlir")
+        assertFalse(Regex("""return %\w+ : tensor<8x4xf32>""").containsMatchIn(mlir), "return must not echo the table shape:\n$mlir")
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun maxpool2d_declares_pooled_shape_and_iree_valid_reduce_window() {
+        // input (1,3,8,8), 2x2 stride 2 -> (1,3,4,4). Currently declared 1x3x8x8.
+        val mlir = lower("op_maxpool2d") {
+            val x = input<FP32>("x", TensorSpec("x", listOf(1, 3, 8, 8), "FP32"))
+            output(maxPool2d(x, 2 to 2, 2 to 2, 0 to 0))
+        }
+        assertTrue(mlir.contains("tensor<1x3x4x4xf32>"), "maxpool output must be the pooled 1x3x4x4:\n$mlir")
+        // IREE's parser rejects the pretty `applies … over window` form; it needs the generic
+        // region-based reduce_window. Assert we are not emitting the rejected pretty form.
+        assertFalse(
+            Regex("""reduce_window\([^)]*\)\s+applies""").containsMatchIn(mlir),
+            "reduce_window must use the IREE-parseable generic form, not 'applies … over window':\n$mlir",
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun flatten_preserves_leading_batch_dim() {
+        // (1,16,7,7) flatten dims 1..3 -> (1, 784); must NOT collapse to rank-1 (784),
+        // which breaks a downstream dense matmul (mnist-cnn).
+        val mlir = lower("op_flatten") {
+            val x = input<FP32>("x", TensorSpec("x", listOf(1, 16, 7, 7), "FP32"))
+            output(flatten(x, 1, 3))
+        }
+        assertTrue(mlir.contains("tensor<1x784xf32>"), "flatten must keep batch: (1,16,7,7)->(1,784):\n$mlir")
+        assertFalse(Regex("""-> tensor<784xf32>""").containsMatchIn(mlir), "flatten must not collapse the batch dim:\n$mlir")
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun avgpool2d_declares_pooled_shape() {
+        val mlir = lower("op_avgpool2d") {
+            val x = input<FP32>("x", TensorSpec("x", listOf(1, 3, 8, 8), "FP32"))
+            output(avgPool2d(x, 2 to 2, 2 to 2, 0 to 0, false))
+        }
+        assertTrue(mlir.contains("tensor<1x3x4x4xf32>"), "avgpool output must be the pooled 1x3x4x4:\n$mlir")
+    }
+}

skainet-lang/skainet-lang-dag/src/commonMain/kotlin/sk/ainet/lang/dag/GraphDsl.kt

@@ -196,6 +196,20 @@ public class DagBuilder {
                 val target = reshapeTargetShape(operation) ?: return null
                 return spec(target)
             }
+            "flatten" -> {
+                // Collapse dims [startDim..endDim] into one, preserving the others
+                // (notably the leading batch dim). Without this, flatten echoes operand-0
+                // or collapses everything, so a downstream dense matmul mis-types. (#675)
+                val inS = input?.shape ?: return null
+                val rank = inS.size
+                val rawStart = operation.parameters["startDim"] as? Int ?: 1
+                val rawEnd = operation.parameters["endDim"] as? Int ?: -1
+                val start = if (rawStart < 0) rank + rawStart else rawStart
+                val end = if (rawEnd < 0) rank + rawEnd else rawEnd
+                if (start !in 0 until rank || end !in 0 until rank || start > end) return null
+                val collapsed = inS.subList(start, end + 1).fold(1) { a, b -> a * b }
+                return spec(inS.subList(0, start) + collapsed + inS.subList(end + 1, rank))
+            }
             "matmul", "dot", "mm", "bmm", "batch_matmul" -> {
                 val lhs = inputs.getOrNull(0)?.spec?.shape
                 val rhs = inputs.getOrNull(1)?.spec?.shape
@@ -215,10 +229,57 @@ public class DagBuilder {
                 out[axis] = shapes.sumOf { it[axis] }
                 return spec(out)
             }
+            "conv1d" -> {
+                // (N, Cin, L) * (Cout, Cin/groups, K) -> (N, Cout, Lout). conv2d already
+                // infers via Conv2dOperation; conv1d is a GenericOperation with no inference. (#675)
+                val inS = inputs.getOrNull(0)?.spec?.shape
+                val wS = inputs.getOrNull(1)?.spec?.shape
+                if (inS == null || wS == null || inS.size != 3 || wS.size != 3) return null
+                val stride = operation.parameters["stride"] as? Int ?: 1
+                val pad = operation.parameters["padding"] as? Int ?: 0
+                val dil = operation.parameters["dilation"] as? Int ?: 1
+                return spec(listOf(inS[0], wS[0], windowedOutput(inS[2], wS[2], stride, pad, dil)))
+            }
+            "gather" -> {
+                // table[..axis..] gathered by `indices` -> table[:axis] ⊕ indices.shape ⊕ table[axis+1:]. (#675)
+                val table = inputs.getOrNull(0)?.spec?.shape
+                val idx = inputs.getOrNull(1)?.spec?.shape
+                if (table == null || idx == null || table.isEmpty()) return null
+                val rawAxis = operation.parameters["dim"] as? Int ?: operation.parameters["axis"] as? Int ?: -1
+                val axis = if (rawAxis < 0) table.size + rawAxis else rawAxis
+                if (axis !in table.indices) return null
+                return spec(table.subList(0, axis) + idx + table.subList(axis + 1, table.size))
+            }
+            "maxpool2d", "avgpool2d" -> {
+                // (N, C, H, W) windowed by kernel/stride/padding -> (N, C, Hout, Wout). (#675)
+                val inS = inputs.getOrNull(0)?.spec?.shape
+                if (inS == null || inS.size != 4) return null
+                val k = pairParam(operation, "kernel") ?: pairParam(operation, "kernelSize") ?: return null
+                val s = pairParam(operation, "stride") ?: (1 to 1)
+                val p = pairParam(operation, "padding") ?: (0 to 0)
+                return spec(
+                    listOf(
+                        inS[0], inS[1],
+                        windowedOutput(inS[2], k.first, s.first, p.first, 1),
+                        windowedOutput(inS[3], k.second, s.second, p.second, 1),
+                    ),
+                )
+            }
         }
         return null
     }
 
+    /** Windowed (conv/pool) output extent: floor((in + 2·pad − dilation·(k−1) − 1) / stride) + 1. */
+    private fun windowedOutput(inDim: Int, k: Int, stride: Int, pad: Int, dilation: Int): Int =
+        (inDim + 2 * pad - dilation * (k - 1) - 1) / stride + 1
+
+    private fun pairParam(operation: Operation, key: String): Pair<Int, Int>? =
+        (operation.parameters[key] as? Pair<*, *>)?.let {
+            val a = it.first as? Int
+            val b = it.second as? Int
+            if (a != null && b != null) a to b else null
+        }
+
     /** Recover a reshape/view target shape from the op's `newShape`/`shape` parameter. */
     private fun reshapeTargetShape(operation: Operation): List<Int>? {
         val raw = operation.parameters["newShape"]