[FLINK-40577][table] Support ChangelogModes in ProcessTableFunctionTestHarness

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What is the purpose of the change

This PR extends the ProcessTableFunctionTestHarness so it can model changelog semantics, rather than assuming insert-only streams.

The harness lets the user supply a table argument's changelog mode and upsert keys directly. To do this, the PR ads a changelogMode per table argument, and (for upsert changelogs) one or more upsertKey candidates (each call adds another candidate).

For the output side, the harness derives the produced changelog mode. If the PTF implements ChangelogFunction its mode is resolved from that (insert-only otherwise).
Collected rows whose RowKind the resolved output mode does not allow are rejected.
Input rows and configurations that the planner could never produce (e.g. upsert output with
row-semantic table args) are likewise rejected.

Brief change log

• Model update traits (SUPPORT_UPDATES, REQUIRE_UPDATE_BEFORE, REQUIRE_FULL_DELETE) on table arguments in the PTF test harness.
• Add per-argument changelog-mode / upsert-key configuration, output-mode inference for ChangelogFunction PTFs, and input/output/config validation.

Verifying this change

This change added tests and can be verified as follows:

• Added tests in ProcessTableFunctionTestHarnessTest, as well as tests for the changelog validation and resolvers.

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (yes)
• The serializers: (no)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (no)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (no)
• The S3 file system connector: (no)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (docs / JavaDocs)

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Generated-by: Claude Code (Opus 5)

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CI report:

• a29b631 Azure: SUCCESS

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