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NSoiffer merged 3 commits into from
Aug 29, 2026
+87 −66
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ja: read exponents in Japanese #721

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c962f9b
ja: read exponents as (base) no (exponent) jou
yasumorishima Aug 28, 2026
884257a
ja: drop the negative-exponent test from this change
yasumorishima Aug 29, 2026
b10dc29
ja: cover the superscript frame for a complex exponent
yasumorishima Aug 29, 2026
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70 changes: 28 additions & 42 deletions Rules/Languages/ja/ClearSpeak_Rules.yaml
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -252,25 +252,20 @@
- bookmark: "*[2]/@id"
- test:
if: "*[2][.='2']"
then: [t: "スクエア"] # phrase(25 equals 5 'squared')
else: [t: "キューブド"] # phrase(625 equals 5 'cubed')
then: [t: "の 2 乗"] # phrase(25 equals 5 'squared')
else: [t: "の 3 乗"] # phrase(625 equals 5 'cubed')

- name: function-power
tag: power
match:
- "following-sibling::*[1][self::m:mo][.='⁡']" #invisible function apply
replace:
- test:
if: "$Verbosity!='Terse'"
then: [ot: ""] # phrase('the' third power of 2)
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "の" # phrase(the third 'power of' 6)
- bookmark: "*[2]/@id"
- test:
if: "*[2][self::m:mn][not(contains(., '.'))]"
then: [x: "ToOrdinal(*[2])"]
else: [x: "*[2]"]
- t: "パワーの" # phrase(the third 'power of' 6)
- x: "*[2]"
- t: "乗" # phrase(the third 'power of' 6)
- pause: short
- x: "*[1]"

- name: AfterPower-nested
tag: power
Expand All @@ -279,19 +274,20 @@
- "*[2][self::m:power or self::m:power or self::m:mrow[m:power]]"
replace:
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "緊急事態に育つ" # phrase(5 'raised to the exponent' x plus 1)
- t: "の上付き" # phrase(5 'raised to the exponent' x plus 1)
- pause: short
- x: "*[2]"
- pause: short
- t: "エンド指数" # phrase(5 raised to the exponent x plus 1 'end exponent')
- t: "上付き終了" # phrase(5 raised to the exponent x plus 1 'end exponent')

- name: AfterPower-default
tag: power
match: "$ClearSpeak_Exponents = 'AfterPower'"
replace:
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "力に育つ" # phrase(x is 'raised to the power' 4)
- t: "の" # phrase(x is 'raised to the power' 4)
- x: "*[2]"
- t: "乗" # phrase(x is raised to the 'power' 4)
- pause: short

- name: squared
Expand All @@ -300,29 +296,24 @@
replace:
- x: "*[1]"
- bookmark: "*[2]/@id"
- t: "スクエア" # phrase(7 'squared' equals 49)
- t: "の 2 乗" # phrase(7 'squared' equals 49)

- name: cubed
tag: power
match: "*[2][self::m:mn][.='3'] and $ClearSpeak_Exponents = 'Auto'"
replace:
- x: "*[1]"
- bookmark: "*[2]/@id"
- t: "キューブド" # phrase(5 'cubed' equals 125)
- t: "の 3 乗" # phrase(5 'cubed' equals 125)

- name: simple-integer
tag: power
match: "*[2][self::m:mn][not(contains(., '.'))]"
replace:
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "の" # phrase(2 raised 'to the' power 7)
- test:
if: "*[2][.>0]"
then: [x: "ToOrdinal(*[2])"]
else: [x: "*[2]"]
- test:
if: "$ClearSpeak_Exponents != 'Ordinal'"
then: [t: "パワー"] # phrase(2 raised to the 'power' 7)
- x: "*[2]"
- t: "乗" # phrase(2 raised to the 'power' 7)

- name: simple-negative-integer
tag: power
Expand All @@ -334,9 +325,7 @@
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "の" # phrase(2 raised 'to the' power 7)
- x: "*[2]"
- test:
if: "$ClearSpeak_Exponents != 'Ordinal'"
then: [t: "パワー"] # phrase(2 raised to the 'power' 7)
- t: "乗" # phrase(2 raised to the 'power' 7)

- name: simple-var
tag: power
Expand All @@ -345,10 +334,7 @@
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "の" # phrase(3 raised 'to the' power 7)
- x: "*[2]"
- pronounce: [text: "-th", ipa: "θ", sapi5: "th", eloquence: "T"]
- test:
if: "$ClearSpeak_Exponents != 'Ordinal'"
then: [t: "パワー"] # phrase(2 raised to the 'power' 7)
- t: "乗" # phrase(2 raised to the 'power' 7)

# match nested exponent, where the nested exponent is has the power 2 or 3 (n below)
# [xxx]^n, - [xxx]^n, [xxx] var^n, -[xxx] var^n
Expand All @@ -373,9 +359,9 @@
- " ]"
replace:
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "に上げられた" # phrase(x 'raised to the' second power)
- t: "の上付き" # phrase(x 'raised to the' second power)
- x: "*[2]"
- t: "パワー" # phrase(x raised to the second 'power')
- t: "上付き終了" # phrase(x raised to the second 'power')

- # - [xxx]^n
name: nested-negative-squared-or-cubed
Expand All @@ -394,9 +380,9 @@
- " ]"
replace:
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "に上げられた" # phrase(x 'raised to the' second power)
- t: "の上付き" # phrase(x 'raised to the' second power)
- x: "*[2]"
- t: "パワー" # phrase(x raised to the second 'power')
- t: "上付き終了" # phrase(x raised to the second 'power')

- # [xxx] var^n
name: nested-var-squared-or-cubed
Expand All @@ -417,9 +403,9 @@
- " ]"
replace:
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "に上げられた" # phrase(x 'raised to the' second power)
- t: "の上付き" # phrase(x 'raised to the' second power)
- x: "*[2]"
- t: "パワー" # phrase(x raised to the second 'power')
- t: "上付き終了" # phrase(x raised to the second 'power')

- # -[xxx] var^n
name: nested-negative-var-squared-or-cubed
Expand All @@ -442,30 +428,30 @@
- " ]"
replace:
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "に上げられた" # phrase(x 'raised to the' second power)
- t: "の上付き" # phrase(x 'raised to the' second power)
- x: "*[2]"
- t: "パワー" # phrase(x raised to the second 'power')
- t: "上付き終了" # phrase(x raised to the second 'power')

- name: default-exponent-power
tag: power
match: # directly a superscript or an mrow that contains a superscript
- "*[2][self::m:power or self::m:power or self::m:mrow[m:power]]"
replace:
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "緊急事態に育つ" # phrase(x is 'raised to the exponent')
- t: "の上付き" # phrase(x is 'raised to the exponent')
- pause: short
- x: "*[2]"
- pause: short
- t: "エンド指数" # phrase(and now 'end exponent' has been reached)
- t: "上付き終了" # phrase(and now 'end exponent' has been reached)

- name: default
tag: power
match: "."
replace:
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "に上げられた" # phrase(x 'raised to the' second power)
- t: "の上付き" # phrase(x 'raised to the' second power)
- x: "*[2]"
- t: "パワー" # phrase(x raised to the second 'power')
- t: "上付き終了" # phrase(x raised to the second 'power')

#
# Some rules on mrows
Expand Down
41 changes: 19 additions & 22 deletions Rules/Languages/ja/SimpleSpeak_Rules.yaml
View file
Open in desktop
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -172,24 +172,19 @@
- bookmark: "*[2]/@id"
- test:
if: "*[2][.=2]"
then: [t: "スクエア"] # phrase(5 'squared' equals 25)
else: [t: "キューブド"] # phrase(5 'cubed' equals 125)
then: [t: "の 2 乗"] # phrase(5 'squared' equals 25)
else: [t: "の 3 乗"] # phrase(5 'cubed' equals 125)
- name: function-power
tag: power
match:
- "following-sibling::*[1][self::m:mo][.='⁡']" #invisible function apply
replace:
- test:
if: "$Verbosity!='Terse'"
then: [ot: ""] # # phrase('the' fourth power of 10)
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "の" # phrase(the fourth 'power of' 2)
- bookmark: "*[2]/@id"
- test:
if: "*[2][self::m:mn][not(contains(., '.'))]"
then: [x: "ToOrdinal(*[2])"]
else: [x: "*[2]"]
- t: "パワーの" # phrase(the fourth 'power of' 2)
- x: "*[2]"
- t: "乗" # phrase(the fourth 'power of' 2)
- pause: short
- x: "*[1]"

# non-function rules for power
- name: squared-or-cubed
Expand All @@ -200,19 +195,18 @@
- bookmark: "*[2]/@id"
- test:
if: "*[2][.=2]"
then: [t: "スクエア"] # phrase(5 'squared' equals 25)
else: [t: "キューブド"] # phrase(5 'cubed' equals 125)
then: [t: "の 2 乗"] # phrase(5 'squared' equals 25)
else: [t: "の 3 乗"] # phrase(5 'cubed' equals 125)

- name: simple-integer
tag: power
match: "*[2][self::m:mn][not(contains(., '.'))]"
replace:
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "の" # phrase(15 raised 'to the' second power equals 225)
- test:
if: "*[2][.>0]"
then: [x: "ToOrdinal(*[2])"]
else: [x: "*[2]"]
- x: "*[2]"
- t: "乗" # phrase(15 raised to the second 'power' equals 225)

- name: simple-negative-integer
tag: power
match:
Expand All @@ -222,14 +216,16 @@
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "の" # phrase(15 raised 'to the' second power equals 225)
- x: "*[2]"
- t: "乗" # phrase(15 raised to the second 'power' equals 225)

- name: simple-var
tag: power
match: "*[2][self::m:mi][string-length(.)=1]"
replace:
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "の" # phrase(15 raised 'to the' second power equals 225)
- x: "*[2]"
- pronounce: [text: "-th", ipa: "θ", sapi5: "th", eloquence: "T"]
- t: "乗" # phrase(15 raised to the second 'power' equals 225)

- name: simple
tag: power
Expand All @@ -238,6 +234,7 @@
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "の" # phrase(15 raised 'to the' second power equals 225)
- x: "*[2]"
- t: "乗" # phrase(15 raised to the second 'power' equals 225)

- name: nested
# it won't end in "power" if the exponent is simple enough
Expand All @@ -251,13 +248,13 @@
- " ]"
replace:
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "に上げられた" # phrase(15 'raised to the' second power equals 225)
- t: "の上付き" # phrase(15 'raised to the' second power equals 225)
- x: "*[2]"
- pause: short
- test:
if: "$Impairment = 'Blindness'"
then:
- t: "エンド指数" # phrase(start 2 raised to the exponent 4 'end of exponent')
- t: "上付き終了" # phrase(start 2 raised to the exponent 4 'end of exponent')
- pause: short
else:
- pause: medium
Expand All @@ -267,9 +264,9 @@
match: "."
replace:
- x: "*[1]"
- t: "に上げられた" # phrase(15 'raised to the' second power equals 225)
- t: "の上付き" # phrase(15 'raised to the' second power equals 225)
- x: "*[2]"
- t: "パワー" # phrase(15 raised to the second 'power' equals 225)
- t: "上付き終了" # phrase(15 raised to the second 'power' equals 225)
- pause: short

#
Expand Down
42 changes: 40 additions & 2 deletions tests/Languages/ja/ja.rs
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -25,11 +25,49 @@ fn square_root() -> Result<()> {
return Ok(());
}

/// Verifies that a squared value uses the seeded Japanese exponent wording.
/// An exponent is read "<base> の <exponent> 乗"; 乗 closes it. Japanese has no
/// ordinal form here, so 2 is 2 and not "second".
#[test]
fn squared() -> Result<()> {
let expr = "<math><msup><mn>3</mn><mn>2</mn></msup></math>";
test("ja", "ClearSpeak", expr, "3 スクエア")?;
test("ja", "ClearSpeak", expr, "3 の 2 乗")?;
test("ja", "SimpleSpeak", expr, "3 の 2 乗")?;
return Ok(());
}

/// Same shape for a cube.
#[test]
fn cubed() -> Result<()> {
let expr = "<math><msup><mn>5</mn><mn>3</mn></msup></math>";
test("ja", "ClearSpeak", expr, "5 の 3 乗")?;
test("ja", "SimpleSpeak", expr, "5 の 3 乗")?;
return Ok(());
}

/// The pattern does not change for exponents above three.
#[test]
fn integer_exponent() -> Result<()> {
let expr = "<math><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>5</mn></msup></math>";
test("ja", "ClearSpeak", expr, "x の 5 乗")?;
test("ja", "SimpleSpeak", expr, "x の 5 乗")?;
return Ok(());
}

/// A variable exponent is read the same way (English adds "-th" here; Japanese does not).
#[test]
fn variable_exponent() -> Result<()> {
let expr = "<math><msup><mi>x</mi><mi>n</mi></msup></math>";
test("ja", "ClearSpeak", expr, "x の n 乗")?;
test("ja", "SimpleSpeak", expr, "x の n 乗")?;
return Ok(());
}

/// A complex exponent is read as a superscript instead, with an explicit close:
/// 「の上付き … 上付き終了」. Reading it as 乗 would end a nested exponent 「… 乗 乗」.
#[test]
fn complex_exponent() -> Result<()> {
let expr = "<math><msup><mi>x</mi><mrow><mi>y</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>";
test("ja", "SimpleSpeak", expr, "x の上付き y プラス 1 上付き終了")?;
return Ok(());
}

Expand Down