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data(nordic): per-zone carbon intensity for Norwegian bidding zones NO1–NO5 #1260

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data(nordic): per-zone carbon intensity for Norwegian bidding zones NO1–NO5 #1260

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be3c553
data(nordic): per-zone CI for Norwegian bidding zones NO1-NO5
avalyset Jun 29, 2026
cb5f8f6
Merge branch 'master' into khepri-no-per-zone-ci
inimaz Aug 18, 2026
0ec47b5
data(nordic): state AR5 factor basis and cite v1.2 DOI
avalyset Aug 18, 2026
4c626e9
data(nordic): re-derive NO1-NO5 on carbon_intensity_per_source.json
avalyset Aug 30, 2026
6b23df5
data(nordic): describe NO4's period-dependence from the gas share
avalyset Sep 1, 2026
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163 changes: 94 additions & 69 deletions codecarbon/data/private_infra/nordic_emissions.json
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{
"data": {
"SE1": {
"emission_factor": 18.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Sweden Bidding Zone 1 (Northern Sweden)",
"year": 2024
},
"SE2": {
"emission_factor": 18.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Sweden Bidding Zone 2 (Central Sweden)",
"year": 2024
},
"SE3": {
"emission_factor": 18.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Sweden Bidding Zone 3 (Southern Sweden)",
"year": 2024
},
"SE4": {
"emission_factor": 18.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Sweden Bidding Zone 4 (Stockholm region)",
"year": 2024
},
"NO1": {
"emission_factor": 18.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Norway Bidding Zone 1 (Oslo)",
"year": 2024
},
"NO2": {
"emission_factor": 18.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Norway Bidding Zone 2 (Southern Norway)",
"year": 2024
},
"NO3": {
"emission_factor": 18.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Norway Bidding Zone 3 (Central Norway)",
"year": 2024
},
"NO4": {
"emission_factor": 18.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Norway Bidding Zone 4 (Northern Norway)",
"year": 2024
},
"NO5": {
"emission_factor": 18.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Norway Bidding Zone 5 (Western Norway)",
"year": 2024
},
"FI": {
"emission_factor": 72.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Finland",
"year": 2025
}
},
"metadata": {
"source": "Based on historical averages from ENTSO-E data",
"last_updated": "2026-01-24",
"notes": "Static emission factors for Nordic regions. Sweden and Norway have very low carbon intensity due to high renewable energy (primarily hydro and nuclear). Finland has higher emissions due to greater fossil fuel dependency."
}
}
{
"data": {
"SE1": {
"emission_factor": 18.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Sweden Bidding Zone 1 (Northern Sweden)",
"year": 2024
},
"SE2": {
"emission_factor": 18.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Sweden Bidding Zone 2 (Central Sweden)",
"year": 2024
},
"SE3": {
"emission_factor": 18.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Sweden Bidding Zone 3 (Southern Sweden)",
"year": 2024
},
"SE4": {
"emission_factor": 18.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Sweden Bidding Zone 4 (Stockholm region)",
"year": 2024
},
"NO1": {
"emission_factor": 26.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Norway Bidding Zone 1 (Oslo)",
"year": 2025,
"method": "production-based generation-mix (ENTSO-E A75 2025 x CodeCarbon carbon_intensity_per_source.json)",
"source": "ENTSO-E Transparency generation-per-type (A75) 2025 x CodeCarbon carbon_intensity_per_source.json; derived reproducibly by Khepri (avalyset/khepri)",
"coverage": "99.58% of 2025 generation has a factor in carbon_intensity_per_source.json; remainder carried in the denominator at 0 (Waste 0.42 %, Biomass 0.0004 %)",
"note": "Hydro-dominated. Mix stable year-over-year (<5% 2021-2025)."
},
"NO2": {
"emission_factor": 27.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Norway Bidding Zone 2 (Southern Norway)",
"year": 2025,
"method": "production-based generation-mix (ENTSO-E A75 2025 x CodeCarbon carbon_intensity_per_source.json)",
"source": "ENTSO-E Transparency generation-per-type (A75) 2025 x CodeCarbon carbon_intensity_per_source.json; derived reproducibly by Khepri (avalyset/khepri)",
"coverage": "99.89% of 2025 generation has a factor in carbon_intensity_per_source.json; remainder carried in the denominator at 0 (Waste 0.11 %)",
"note": "Hydro-dominated, with pumped storage and a small offshore wind share. Mix stable year-over-year (<5% 2021-2025)."
},
"NO3": {
"emission_factor": 25.8,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Norway Bidding Zone 3 (Central Norway)",
"year": 2025,
"method": "production-based generation-mix (ENTSO-E A75 2025 x CodeCarbon carbon_intensity_per_source.json)",
"source": "ENTSO-E Transparency generation-per-type (A75) 2025 x CodeCarbon carbon_intensity_per_source.json; derived reproducibly by Khepri (avalyset/khepri)",
"coverage": "99.32% of 2025 generation has a factor in carbon_intensity_per_source.json; remainder carried in the denominator at 0 (Other renewable 0.60 %, Waste 0.09 %)",
"note": "Hydro-dominated. Mix stable year-over-year (<5% 2021-2025)."
},
"NO4": {
"emission_factor": 51.7,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Norway Bidding Zone 4 (Northern Norway)",
"year": 2025,
"method": "production-based generation-mix (ENTSO-E A75 2025 x CodeCarbon carbon_intensity_per_source.json)",
"source": "ENTSO-E Transparency generation-per-type (A75) 2025 x CodeCarbon carbon_intensity_per_source.json; derived reproducibly by Khepri (avalyset/khepri)",
"coverage": "98.65% of 2025 generation has a factor in carbon_intensity_per_source.json; remainder carried in the denominator at 0 (Other renewable 1.35 %)",
"note": "Highest Norwegian zone, and the only one where the per-zone signal is large: persistent fossil-gas generation (3.63% of all 2025 generation at 743 gCO2eq/kWh) contributes roughly half the value. Event-driven rather than a stable constant - that gas share moves between years (near zero in 2021, 6.23% in 2024, 3.63% in 2025) and carries about 52% of this zone's carbon intensity on this factor table, so the value is period-dependent."
},
"NO5": {
"emission_factor": 26.6,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Norway Bidding Zone 5 (Western Norway)",
"year": 2025,
"method": "production-based generation-mix (ENTSO-E A75 2025 x CodeCarbon carbon_intensity_per_source.json)",
"source": "ENTSO-E Transparency generation-per-type (A75) 2025 x CodeCarbon carbon_intensity_per_source.json; derived reproducibly by Khepri (avalyset/khepri)",
"coverage": "99.67% of 2025 generation has a factor in carbon_intensity_per_source.json; remainder carried in the denominator at 0 (Waste 0.33 %)",
"note": "Near-pure hydro; sits at the hydroelectricity factor floor."
},
"FI": {
"emission_factor": 72.0,
"unit": "gCO2eq/kWh",
"description": "Finland",
"year": 2025
}
},
"metadata": {
"source": "NO1-NO5: ENTSO-E Transparency actual generation per production type (A75), full year 2025, weighted by CodeCarbon's own carbon_intensity_per_source.json emission factors (production-based generation-mix), derived reproducibly by Khepri (avalyset/khepri). SE1-SE4 and FI: prior values, unchanged.",
"method": "production-based generation-mix: energy-weighted average over ENTSO-E Actual Generation per Production Type (A75), full year 2025, using CodeCarbon's own carbon_intensity_per_source.json factors. NOT consumption-based; the Electricity Maps API path remains the consumption-based source.",
"factor_basis": "CodeCarbon's own carbon_intensity_per_source.json - NOT IPCC AR5. These values were re-derived on this project's table so they are internally consistent with the rest of CodeCarbon. The two bases differ materially for the sources that dominate the Nordic mix, not only for gas: nuclear 29 here vs 12 in AR5; wind 26 vs 11; hydroelectricity 26 vs 24; natural gas 743 vs 490. Because hydro and wind carry the same 26 in this table, per-zone spread is much narrower here than on an AR5 basis.",
"coverage": "Each zone carries a 'coverage' field: the share of that zone's 2025 generation that has an entry in carbon_intensity_per_source.json. Production types with no entry (ENTSO-E 'Other' B20, 'Other renewable', 'Waste', 'Biomass') are kept in the denominator with factor 0 and contribute nothing to the numerator, so the stored number is a complete gCO2eq/kWh factor applicable to all consumed energy, as CodeCarbon uses it. Where coverage is well below 100% the value is a lower bound; SE4 (85.05%) is the weakest case in this set. No factor was invented for the uncovered types.",
"alternative_basis": "The upstream derivation also publishes these zones on IPCC AR5 Annex III lifecycle medians (nuclear 12, wind 11, hydro 24, gas 490), which excludes factor-less types from both numerator and denominator instead of carrying them at 0. That is a different factor basis and a different treatment of uncovered generation, and it yields lower values (e.g. SE3 14.5 and NO4 39.6 on AR5, vs 27.0 and 51.7 here). Published and archived at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21097430 (Khepri v1.2). The AR5 figures are NOT what this file ships.",
"provenance": "NO1-NO5 values are derived by Khepri v1.2, archived at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21097430 (versioned record), re-derived on CodeCarbon's factor table for this file.",
"last_updated": "2026-08-30",
"notes": "NO1-NO5 replace the prior uniform 18.0 placeholder with per-zone derived values (2025 annual, energy-weighted). On this factor table the placeholder is too LOW for every zone in this set. Per-zone spread on CodeCarbon's factors is narrow for the Swedish zones (24.7-27.0) because hydro and wind share the same 26 gCO2eq/kWh factor; the Norwegian spread is wider (25.8-51.7) and driven almost entirely by NO4's fossil-gas share. SE1-SE4 and FI retained from prior data pending equivalent per-zone derivation."
}
}