SQL: Auto union Iceberg and Redpanda topic

[kbatuigas]

Description

This pull request adds comprehensive documentation for Redpanda SQL's new support for Iceberg catalogs and bridge queries, enabling users to query both live Redpanda topics and their Iceberg-committed history. It introduces reference and how-to content for creating, altering, and dropping Iceberg catalogs, details the new USING CATALOG clause for Redpanda catalogs, and provides a step-by-step guide for querying Iceberg-enabled topics.

New SQL statement documentation:

• Added reference pages for CREATE ICEBERG CATALOG, ALTER ICEBERG CATALOG, and DROP ICEBERG CATALOG, including syntax, options (covering authentication and TLS), and usage examples. [1] [2] [3]
• Updated navigation to include the new Iceberg catalog statement references.

Enhancements to Redpanda catalog documentation:

• Documented the new USING CATALOG clause for CREATE REDPANDA CATALOG, which links a Redpanda catalog to an Iceberg catalog for bridge queries.
• Added the pandaproxy_url option, required when using USING CATALOG, and provided an example of creating a linked catalog. [1] [2]

How-to guide for querying Iceberg-enabled topics:

• Added a step-by-step guide describing how to set up storage, Iceberg, and Redpanda catalogs, map topics as SQL tables, and run bridge queries that span live and historical data. The guide also explains prerequisites and links to related reference content.

Resolves https://github.com/redpanda-data/documentation-private/issues/
Review deadline: 18 May

Page previews

Redpanda SQL > Query Data > Query Iceberg topics
Reference > Redpanda SQL Reference > Statements
CREATE ICEBERG CATALOG
ALTER ICEBERG CATALOG
DROP ICEBERG CATALOG
CREATE REDPANDA CATALOG > Create catalog linked to Iceberg catalog

Checks

• New feature
• Content gap
• Support Follow-up
• Small fix (typos, links, copyedits, etc)

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[kbatuigas]

Would we tell users to create and reference secrets here in the same way we do for RP Cloud secrets such as for catalog credentials in the cluster config, like so? https://deploy-preview-575--rp-cloud.netlify.app/redpanda-cloud/manage/iceberg/use-iceberg-catalogs/#use-a-secret-in-cluster-configuration