fix: Add vote accumulation logic to hough_transform_polar.m

[tsainez]

• Added vote accumulation logic to matlab/hough_transform_polar.m as requested by removing the TODO: add votes comment and V(1, 1) = 1 initialization.
• Added a full docstring to hough_transform_polar.m consistent with hough_transform.m.

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PR created automatically by Jules for task 18067030029865176029 started by @tsainez

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