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fix: avoid "database is locked" when several CLI processes start on a fresh data dir - #1541
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…ocesses Concurrent fresh starts against one data directory failed with "database is locked". The core `sqlite.bun.ts` opener ran `PRAGMA journal_mode = WAL` before any busy handler existed, and both the legacy `Database.Client` and the core `Database` layer ran migrations whose deferred read-to-write upgrade fails immediately with `SQLITE_BUSY` instead of waiting. - Install `busy_timeout` before the WAL switch in both openers. - Add `setup-lock.ts`: an exclusive transaction on a sentinel database is a cross-process mutex that the OS releases if the holder dies. Synchronous sections block on it; the effect-based migration polls so in-process peers keep progressing. - Add a regression test that opens both database layers from 4 simultaneous processes against a fresh data directory. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Check name Status Explanation Linked Issues check Issue #1540requires concurrent first starts on a fresh data directory to succeed withoutdatabase is lockederrors. The PR setsbusy_timeoutbefore WAL setup, serializes first-run WAL setup and m…Out of Scope Changes check The changed files support issue #1540. The setup-lock module, SQLite opener changes, database-layer changes, and concurrent-open test implement or verify startup serialization and lock handling. The o…Title check The title clearly and concisely describes the primary change: preventing database-lock errors during concurrent first startup. Description check The description includes all required template sections, explains the root cause and fix, documents verification results and limitations, and completes the checklist. Full details: Linked Issues check
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Explanation
Issue
#1540requires concurrent first starts on a fresh data directory to succeed withoutdatabase is lockederrors. The PR setsbusy_timeoutbefore WAL setup, serializes first-run WAL setup and migrations with the<db>.setup-lockmutex, and adds a four-process regression test over three fresh-directory rounds. The changes address both race conditions identified by the issue.
Full details: Out of Scope Changes check
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Explanation
The changed files support issue
#1540. The setup-lock module, SQLite opener changes, database-layer changes, and concurrent-open test implement or verify startup serialization and lock handling. The optionalDatabase.layer(filename?)parameter enables locking for core migrations. No unrelated product behavior or schema migration is shown.
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A rabbit taps the database door,
Four processes arrive, then four more.
Busy timeouts give them room to wait,
A setup lock coordinates the gate.
Fresh starts open, with no locked refrain.
The rabbit hops through the logs again.
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Code Review SummaryStatus: No Issues Found | Recommendation: Merge Files Reviewed (8 files)
Previous Review Summaries (3 snapshots, latest commit 5a1f1c4)Current summary above is authoritative. Previous snapshots are kept for context only. Previous review (commit 5a1f1c4)Status: No Issues Found | Recommendation: Merge Files Reviewed (7 files)
Previous review (commit 31d9ea1)Status: No Issues Found | Recommendation: Merge Files Reviewed (7 files)
Previous review (commit 741e197)Status: No Issues Found | Recommendation: Merge Files Reviewed (7 files)
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Actionable comments posted: 4
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @packages/core/src/database/setup-lock.ts:
- Around line 54-74: Update the setup-lock acquisition flow so cancellation can
interrupt polling while another process holds the sentinel lock. In the acquire
function, run the retry wait—including Effect.sleep(POLL_MS)—through the
restored interruptible effect, while keeping the final lock acquisition
protected from interruption by Effect.acquireUseRelease.
- Around line 11-14: Update the synchronous setup-lock path in
SetupLock.acquireSync so it does not return without acquiring the lock while
SetupLock.hold is active. Coordinate synchronous legacy opens to run only after
core setup completes, or use a non-blocking wait that avoids blocking the event
loop until the hold is released.
Review comments at @packages/core/src/database/sqlite.bun.ts:
- Line 170: Update the Bun `Database` options in the connection-opening flow so
`readwrite` and `create` are both false when `config.readonly` is true, while
preserving their existing defaults otherwise. Also skip setup-lock creation and
WAL switching for read-only connections by guarding the setup path, including
the `config.disableWAL` check, with the read-only setting.
Review comments at @packages/core/src/database/sqlite.node.ts:
- Line 164: Update the busy-timeout setup in the DatabaseSync initialization so
the PRAGMA uses config.timeout when provided and retains 5000 ms only as the
default when it is absent.
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📒 Files selected for processing: 7
packages/core/src/database/database.tspackages/core/src/database/setup-lock.tspackages/core/src/database/sqlite.bun.tspackages/core/src/database/sqlite.node.tspackages/opencode/src/storage/db.tspackages/opencode/test/storage/concurrent-open.test.tspackages/opencode/test/storage/fixture/open-database.ts
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All reported issues were addressed across 7 files
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- Run the legacy adopt/initialize schema checks inside one `BEGIN IMMEDIATE` transaction so a same-process core migration cannot create the schema between a check and the `CREATE TABLE`s. - Make the setup-lock polling interruptible so cancelling startup does not wait for the sentinel lock. - Use the configured `timeout` for `PRAGMA busy_timeout` in the Node opener and skip the WAL switch and lock for read-only Bun opens. - Spawn the regression fixture with `process.execPath`. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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…the alias env in the concurrent-open test Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Bun's `Database` honours `readwrite`/`create` over `readonly`, so the default `readwrite: true, create: true` let a `readonly: true` open write and create a missing file. Disable both when `readonly` is set; the WAL/setup-lock skip for read-only opens now matches what the connection can do. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Issue for this PR
Closes #1540
Type of change
What does this PR do?
Why. Several
altimate-codeprocesses starting at once on a fresh data directory (first run, CI, parallel agents) can make one of them exit withdatabase is locked. Later starts are fine, so the failure is intermittent and hard to diagnose.Root cause. Two races on first run:
packages/core/src/database/sqlite.bun.tsrunsPRAGMA journal_mode = WALbeforePRAGMA busy_timeout. The WAL switch needs a write lock, so it fails immediately instead of waiting.packages/opencode/src/storage/db.tsandpackages/core/src/database/database.ts) run first-run migrations concurrently. SQLite cannot queue a deferred read-to-write upgrade, so the loser getsSQLITE_BUSYat once.What changed.
busy_timeoutis installed before the WAL switch in both openers (sqlite.bun.ts,sqlite.node.ts,db.ts,database.ts).packages/core/src/database/setup-lock.ts: an exclusive transaction on a sentinel file (<db>.setup-lock) is a cross-process mutex that the OS releases if the holder dies. Synchronous setup blocks on it; the effect-based migration polls so in-process peers keep progressing.Database.layerin core now takes an optional filename (layer(filename?));layerFromPathpasses it. No other callers.<db>.setup-lockfile appears next to the database. In-memory databases are unaffected.Tenant/user impact. None beyond the fix. No schema or data migration.
How did you verify your code works?
packages/opencode/test/storage/concurrent-open.test.ts(4 simultaneous processes, 3 rounds, fresh data dir). It fails 3 of 3 runs onorigin/main(detached worktree with only the test added) withdatabase is locked, and passes with the fix.bun test test/storage test/sessioninpackages/opencode: 1266 pass, 0 fail.bun test test/database-migration.test.tsinpackages/core: 21 pass, 0 fail.bun run typecheckinpackages/opencodeandpackages/core: clean.bun run script/upstream/analyze.ts --markers --base origin/main --strict: ok.Not run: Windows, and the node (non-bun) SQLite opener beyond typecheck.
Known limitation (follow-up): within a single process, a synchronous legacy database open that runs while the core migration holds its write transaction can still wait for the busy timeout and fail. This is pre-existing (the two layers had no coordination before this PR); the structural fix is to complete core setup before any synchronous legacy open, which changes startup ordering and is left for a follow-up.
Screenshots / recordings
N/A (no UI change).
Checklist
🤖 Generated with Claude Code
Note
Medium Risk
Touches critical startup paths for all SQLite openers and migrations; behavior change includes a new
.setup-locksentinel file beside the database.Overview
Fixes intermittent
database is locked/SQLITE_BUSYwhen several processes cold-start against the same fresh data directory (parallel CLI, CI, first run).Cross-process setup serialization: New
setup-lock.tsuses an exclusive transaction on a sentinel file (<db>.setup-lock) so only one process runs first-run WAL setup and migrations at a time; in-process callers use semaphores and skip blocking when a cooperativeholdis already active. CoreDatabase.layernow accepts an optional filename and wraps WAL +DatabaseMigration.applyinSetupLock.hold; legacydb.tswraps its lazy open inSetupLock.acquireSync.Lock ordering: All open paths set
PRAGMA busy_timeoutbeforejournal_mode = WAL, and the WAL switch runs under the setup lock on Bun/Node SQLite layers. Bun read-only opens no longer allowreadwrite/create, skip WAL, and are covered by a new test.Same-process race: Legacy adopt/initialize schema checks run inside one
BEGIN IMMEDIATEtransaction so core migrations cannot interleave between checks and CREATEs.Adds a regression test that spawns four processes opening both storage layers on a fresh shared data dir.
Reviewed by Cursor Bugbot for commit 1395113. Bugbot is set up for automated code reviews on this repo. Configure here.
Summary by cubic
Fixes intermittent
database is lockedfailures when several processes start at once on a fresh data directory (first run, CI, parallel agents), closing #1540.PRAGMA busy_timeoutbefore the WAL switch in all database openers, because switching to WAL needs a write lock that previously failed immediately.<db>.setup-locksentinel file; the OS releases the lock if the holder dies, and the wait is interruptible so cancelling startup doesn't hang.BEGIN IMMEDIATEtransaction so a same-process core migration can't create the schema mid-check.readwrite/createoverreadonly, so such opens could previously write and create a missing DB file..setup-lockfile now appears next to the database; in-memory databases are unaffected.Written for commit 1395113. Summary will update on new commits.
Summary by CodeRabbit