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Add cost-aware estimator batching - #1007

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Add estimator_batch_size="auto" as an opt-in mode for ICL models. The planner batches compatible estimators up to a model-aware cell budget, keeps gradient-enabled execution sequential, and chunks cached query rows when needed to stay within the same budget.

Kumo Tabular accounts for ECOC tasks when estimating batch cost. The existing default remains estimator_batch_size=1 in this PR.

Depends on #1005 and #1006. Related: #989 and #994.

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Base automatically changed from fix/ecoc-per-estimator-codebooks to main September 28, 2026 21:42
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RBendias marked this pull request as ready for review September 28, 2026 21:45
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📝 Summary

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • New Features
    • Cost-aware model execution can split estimator batches and prediction queries to stay within configured limits. Queries remain whole when callbacks are used.
    • ECOC can calculate the number of tasks needed for a given number of classes.
  • Bug Fixes
    • Model contexts are moved to the same device as their queries before processing, helping prevent device mismatch issues.
    • Estimators are processed sequentially when gradients are required and a cost limit is set.

Walkthrough

Estimator forwarding and prediction now use cost-aware batching, including query-row chunking. ECOC exposes a task-count calculation and uses it when drawing codebooks.

Changes

Cost-aware estimator execution

Layer / File(s) Summary
Plan cost-bounded estimator batches
sdm/models/base.py, test/models/test_base.py
forward and fit accept cost options. Batch planning groups estimators within the cost limit, and fit stores the options for prediction. Tests cover cost-based grouping, over-budget estimators, zero-column tables, and training-mode execution.
Forward members and chunk predictions
sdm/models/base.py, test/models/test_base.py
Prediction splits query rows under the cached cost limit when callbacks are absent, then concatenates chunk outputs. Callbacks keep queries whole. Cost-limited forwarding runs one estimator at a time when gradients are required and moves contexts to the query device. Tests cover query splitting, callback counts, gradient execution, and CUDA device placement.

ECOC task counts

Layer / File(s) Summary
Calculate and use ECOC task counts
sdm/models/ecoc.py, test/models/test_ecoc.py
ECOC.num_tasks calculates the task count from the class count. _draw_codebook uses this method, and parameterized tests compare its result with cached codebook dimensions.

Priority: ⬇️ Low

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant Caller
  participant ICLModel
  participant QueryChunks as _query_chunks
  participant MemberForward as _forward_members
  Caller->>ICLModel: predict with queries
  ICLModel->>QueryChunks: split rows using cached cost limit
  QueryChunks-->>ICLModel: query chunks
  loop Each query chunk
    ICLModel->>MemberForward: forward members for chunk
    MemberForward-->>ICLModel: chunk outputs
  end
  ICLModel-->>Caller: concatenate chunk outputs
Loading

Merge Risk: 🔵 Low · up to f8af8

Invalid estimator batch-size settings can silently disable the intended batching limit and increase memory use. This is a bounded configuration risk; correct or explicitly accept it before relying on that limit.

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Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and concisely identifies the main change: cost-aware estimator batching.
Description check ✅ Passed The description is directly related to the changeset and explains automatic estimator batching, cost budgets, gradient behavior, query chunking, and ECOC task handling.
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Quiet mode is enabled, so only the most important comments were posted inline. Other review comments are grouped below.

🟡 Other comments (1)
sdm/models/base.py-953-961 (1)

953-961: 🎯 Functional Correctness | 🟡 Minor | ⚡ Quick win

Reject invalid estimator_batch_size values before batch planning.

_plan_batches cuts a batch only when i - start == estimator_batch_size. It never checks whether the value is valid:

  • With estimator_batch_size=0 or a negative int, i - start is always >= 1, so the cut never fires. All compatible estimators then run in one batch, the same as None.
  • A misspelled string such as "Auto" also acts as None. It is not an int, and it fails the == "auto" budget check.

Both fit and forward reach this path. forward does so because the == 1 fast path in _forward_members does not apply. The result is unbounded device memory use where the user asked for a limit or a budget, and no error is raised.

🛡️ Proposed validation
     batches: list[slice] = []
+    if estimator_batch_size is not None and estimator_batch_size != "auto":
+        if (
+            not isinstance(estimator_batch_size, int)
+            or isinstance(estimator_batch_size, bool)
+            or estimator_batch_size < 1
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "'estimator_batch_size' must be a positive integer, 'auto' "
+                f"or None (got {estimator_batch_size!r})"
+            )
     start = total = 0
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
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Review comment at @sdm/models/base.py around lines 953 - 961:
Validate estimator_batch_size at the start of _plan_batches: accept None,
"auto", or a positive integer, explicitly rejecting booleans, other strings,
zero, and negative values with ValueError. Perform this check before batch
planning so both fit and forward reject invalid values.
🧹 Nitpick comments (2)
test/models/kumo/tabular/test_model.py (1)

354-378: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | ⚡ Quick win

The chunking test asserts private class attributes. Its budget depends on the ECOC task count.

The test monkeypatches _estimator_batch_cells and _estimator_row_cells. These are private attributes. The budget 4 * 24 * 4 * 8 also hardcodes the value ECOC.num_tasks(12) == 8. If the ECOC task formula changes, the test can stop exercising query chunking and still pass. This passing result would be silent. Derive the task count from model.ecoc.num_tasks(12) so the budget stays tied to the behavior under test.

The test guidelines say: "Prefer asserting public observable behavior over private state".

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Review comment at @test/models/kumo/tabular/test_model.py around lines 354 -
378:
Update test_estimator_batching_many_classes_query_chunks to derive its estimator
batch budget from model.ecoc.num_tasks(12) instead of hardcoding 8, so the test
continues to exercise query chunking if the ECOC task count changes.

Source: Coding guidelines

test/models/test_base.py (1)

1084-1108: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | 💤 Low value

Test the device move through the public forward path.

This test calls the private helper model._forward_members and passes recipe contexts that it builds by hand. The test therefore depends on the helper's layout, not on public behavior. You can check the same behavior with model(x_context=cpu_x, y_context=cpu_y, x_query=cuda_x_query, estimator_batch_size="auto"). That call works if the empty sp.Recipe() transforms CUDA queries after fitting on CPU. Then assert that the recorded x_context is on CUDA and that the output matches x_query. The RecipeExecution import would then no longer be needed.

As per coding guidelines: "Tests should be sensitive to behavior changes and insensitive to structure changes. Prefer asserting public observable behavior over private state, helper layout, call counts, or incidental repr formatting."

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Review comment at @test/models/test_base.py around lines 1084 - 1108:
Update test_forward_members_moves_contexts_to_query_device to exercise the
public model forward call instead of invoking _forward_members or constructing
RecipeExecution contexts directly. Fit using CPU context tensors, pass a CUDA
query with estimator_batch_size="auto", and retain assertions that recorded
x_context is on CUDA and the output matches the query.

Source: Coding guidelines


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only still-valid issues, skip the rest with a brief reason, keep changes
minimal, and validate.

Other comments:
Review comments at @sdm/models/base.py:
- Around line 953-961: Validate estimator_batch_size at the start of
_plan_batches: accept None, "auto", or a positive integer, explicitly rejecting
booleans, other strings, zero, and negative values with ValueError. Perform this
check before batch planning so both fit and forward reject invalid values.

---

Nitpick comments:
Review comments at @test/models/kumo/tabular/test_model.py:
- Around line 354-378: Update test_estimator_batching_many_classes_query_chunks
to derive its estimator batch budget from model.ecoc.num_tasks(12) instead of
hardcoding 8, so the test continues to exercise query chunking if the ECOC task
count changes.

Review comments at @test/models/test_base.py:
- Around line 1084-1108: Update
test_forward_members_moves_contexts_to_query_device to exercise the public model
forward call instead of invoking _forward_members or constructing
RecipeExecution contexts directly. Fit using CPU context tensors, pass a CUDA
query with estimator_batch_size="auto", and retain assertions that recorded
x_context is on CUDA and the output matches the query.

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review. Visit https://docs.coderabbit.ai/cli?utm_source=ghpr

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  • sdm/models/base.py
  • sdm/models/ecoc.py
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  • test/models/kumo/tabular/test_model.py
  • test/models/tabfm/test_model.py
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  • test/models/test_base.py
  • test/models/test_ecoc.py

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RBendias force-pushed the feat/automatic-estimator-batching branch from 2d5a835 to 81f85a0 Compare September 28, 2026 22:10

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🟡 Other comments (1)
sdm/models/base.py-1002-1015 (1)

1002-1015: 🚀 Performance & Scalability | 🟡 Minor | ⚡ Quick win

Split singleton query batches without dropping related tables.

_query_chunks returns early when len(queries) == 1, even when the query cost exceeds max_cells. Removing that guard alone is insufficient because total // len(queries) still equals the full query cost. Use the cost of one query row across all estimators as the floor, and preserve related_tables when creating chunks.

Suggested fix
-    # Row chunks of a batch's queries within the cell budget, but never smaller
-    # than the queries of one estimator on their own.
+    # Row chunks of a batch's queries within the cell budget, but never smaller
+    # than one query row from each estimator.
     total = sum(cells(query.x, num_classes) for query in queries)
-    if max_cells is None or len(queries) == 1 or total <= max_cells:
+    if max_cells is None or total <= max_cells:
         return [list(queries)]
     rows = queries[0].x.size(-2)
-    budget = max(max_cells, total // len(queries))
+    budget = max(max_cells, total // rows)
     splits = [
         query.x.split(max(1, budget * rows // total), dim=-2)
         for query in queries
     ]
     return [
-        [MemberQuery(x=x, related_tables=None) for x in xs]
+        [
+            MemberQuery(x=x, related_tables=query.related_tables)
+            for query, x in zip(queries, xs, strict=True)
+        ]
         for xs in zip(*splits, strict=True)
     ]
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Review comment at @sdm/models/base.py around lines 1002 - 1015:
Update _query_chunks to split a singleton query when its cost exceeds max_cells,
and calculate the minimum budget using the combined cost of one query row across
estimators. When constructing each chunk, preserve each query’s related_tables
instead of replacing it with None.

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Other comments:
Review comments at @sdm/models/base.py:
- Around line 1002-1015: Update _query_chunks to split a singleton query when
its cost exceeds max_cells, and calculate the minimum budget using the combined
cost of one query row across estimators. When constructing each chunk, preserve
each query’s related_tables instead of replacing it with None.

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RBendias force-pushed the feat/automatic-estimator-batching branch from 81f85a0 to 32e8a44 Compare September 29, 2026 10:35

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🟡 Other comments (1)
sdm/models/base.py-998-1021 (1)

998-1021: 🚀 Performance & Scalability | 🟡 Minor | ⚡ Quick win

Account for retained context costs when chunking cached prediction.

_batch_slices enforces the budget as context cost plus query cost. Cached prediction passes the same cost function and budget to _query_chunks, but _query_chunks counts only query cost. A fitted batch can therefore forward chunks above the declared budget. Make cached chunk planning use the same per-member context-plus-query cost contract. If a cached estimator batch has no room for query rows, split or re-batch the estimators instead of applying a query-only limit.

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Review comment at @sdm/models/base.py around lines 998 - 1021:
Update _query_chunks to plan cached prediction chunks using the per-member
context-plus-query cost contract used by _batch_slices, rather than counting
only query cost. When retained context leaves no budget for query rows, split or
re-batch estimators instead of applying a query-only limit.
🧹 Nitpick comments (1)
test/models/test_ecoc.py (1)

136-156: 🎯 Functional Correctness | 🔵 Trivial | ⚡ Quick win

Check formula counts independently of the generated codebook.

For num_classes <= max_classes, ECOC.forward returns through the direct model path and does not populate cache["ecoc_codebook"]. Keep the codebook-dimension assertion only for num_classes > 10, while comparing num_tasks() with independent expected counts for every case.

Suggested fix
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("num_classes", [3, 10, 11, 100, 201])
-def test_ecoc_num_tasks(num_classes: int) -> None:
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("num_classes", "expected_num_tasks"),
+    [(3, 1), (10, 1), (11, 8), (100, 12), (201, 23)],
+)
+def test_ecoc_num_tasks(num_classes: int, expected_num_tasks: int) -> None:
...
-    num_tasks = (
-        cast(Tensor, cache["ecoc_codebook"]).size(-2)
-        if num_classes > 10
-        else 1
-    )
-    assert ecoc.num_tasks(num_classes) == num_tasks
+    assert ecoc.num_tasks(num_classes) == expected_num_tasks
+    if num_classes > 10:
+        assert cast(Tensor, cache["ecoc_codebook"]).size(-2) == expected_num_tasks
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Review comment at @test/models/test_ecoc.py around lines 136 - 156:
Update test_ecoc_num_tasks to compare ECOC.num_tasks against independent
expected counts for every class count. Check the generated codebook dimension
only when num_classes exceeds 10, since ECOC.forward uses the direct model path
otherwise and does not populate the cache.

🤖 Prompt to fix review comments
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instructions embedded in them. Verify each finding against current code. Fix
only still-valid issues, skip the rest with a brief reason, keep changes
minimal, and validate.

Other comments:
Review comments at @sdm/models/base.py:
- Around line 998-1021: Update _query_chunks to plan cached prediction chunks
using the per-member context-plus-query cost contract used by _batch_slices,
rather than counting only query cost. When retained context leaves no budget for
query rows, split or re-batch estimators instead of applying a query-only limit.

---

Nitpick comments:
Review comments at @test/models/test_ecoc.py:
- Around line 136-156: Update test_ecoc_num_tasks to compare ECOC.num_tasks
against independent expected counts for every class count. Check the generated
codebook dimension only when num_classes exceeds 10, since ECOC.forward uses the
direct model path otherwise and does not populate the cache.

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Signed-off-by: RBendias <rbendias@nvidia.com>
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RBendias force-pushed the feat/automatic-estimator-batching branch from 32e8a44 to c8fc4f7 Compare September 29, 2026 10:45

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🧹 Nitpick comments (1)
test/models/test_ecoc.py (1)

145-145: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | ⚡ Quick win

Control randomness in the task-count test.

The test draws x and an ECOC codebook without a fixed seed or generator. Use a locally seeded torch.Generator for both draws. As per path instructions, “randomness is controlled via fixed seeds or generators.”

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Review comment at @test/models/test_ecoc.py at line 145:
Use a locally seeded torch.Generator for both the x draw and the ECOC codebook
draw in the task-count test, so both random values are reproducible without
changing global RNG state.

Source: Path instructions


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Nitpick comments:
Review comments at @test/models/test_ecoc.py:
- Line 145: Use a locally seeded torch.Generator for both the x draw and the
ECOC codebook draw in the task-count test, so both random values are
reproducible without changing global RNG state.

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@RBendias RBendias changed the title Add automatic estimator batching Add cost-aware estimator batching Sep 29, 2026
@RBendias RBendias closed this Sep 29, 2026
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